{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T18:45:09Z","timestamp":1777747509346,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":123,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]],"date-time":"2023-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699315200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IMDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this meta-analysis is to encapsulate the outcomes and generate meaningful conclusions by examining the factors that influence consumers' purchase and non-purchase behaviour intention in a virtual reality retailing context.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study integrates the outcomes from 52 studies, including 403 relationships involving 19,188 samples. The analysis was conducted using R-metafor and AMOS software.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings indicate that key factors that influence purchase and non-purchase behavioural intentions are virtual reality (VR)characteristics, virtual reality experience and consumer attitudes. VR experience is the strongest predictor for purchase decisions in virtual environment ,while consumer attitude towards VR most strongly influences the non-purchase behaviour of the consumers. Furthermore, the age of the respondents, cultural backgrounds (high vs low power distance) and gender moderate the relationship between consumers' attitudes and purchase and behaviour intentions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>Marketers can positively influence consumer attitudes and behavioural intentions by prioritizing the design of the virtual environment and facilitating unique experiences (by manipulating different sensory stimuli) in virtual retailing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current meta-analysis reconciles and reinforces the findings in the extant literature and provides a robust empirical generalization of the critical factors that influence consumers' purchase or behavioural intentions in a virtual retailing context.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/imds-05-2023-0336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]],"date-time":"2023-11-06T08:07:05Z","timestamp":1699258025000},"page":"212-252","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Virtual reality in retailing: a meta-analysis to determine the purchase and non-purchase behavioural intention of consumers"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"124","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4678-8676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satyam","family":"Mishra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7412-2666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anubhav","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ashish","family":"Dubey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5547-9990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yogesh K.","family":"Dwivedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.2307\/3250951","article-title":"Time flies when you\u2019re having fun: cognitive absorption and beliefs about information technology usage","volume":"24","year":"2000","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"key":"key2023122714452098900_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijintrel.2021.03.009","article-title":"An examination of the effectiveness of virtual reality technology for intercultural competence development","volume":"82","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Intercultural Relations"},{"key":"key2023122714452098900_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2016.05.003","article-title":"Immersion factors affecting perception and behaviour in a virtual reality power wheelchair simulator","volume":"58","year":"2017","journal-title":"Applied Ergonomics"},{"key":"key2023122714452098900_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2020.102288","article-title":"Go loud or go home? How power distance belief influences the effect of brand prominence on luxury goods purchase intention","volume":"58","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services"},{"key":"key2023122714452098900_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2016.08.006","article-title":"I virtually try it \u2026 I want it ! Virtual Fitting Room: a tool to increase on-line and off-line exploratory behavior, patronage and purchase intentions","volume":"40","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services"},{"key":"key2023122714452098900_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2021.102844","article-title":"Is the shopper always the king\/queen? Study of omnichannel retail technology use and shopping orientations","volume":"65","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.107.2.238","article-title":"Comparative fit indexes in structural models","volume":"107","year":"1990","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1007\/s11747-021-00784-03","article-title":"Behaviorally targeted location-based mobile marketing","volume":"49","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science"},{"issue":"August 2019","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2019.102025","article-title":"Customer participation in virtual communities for local high streets","volume":"54","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services"},{"issue":"10","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2011.10.010","article-title":"Purchase intention for luxury brands: a cross cultural comparison","volume":"65","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1108\/IMDS-08-2020-0495","article-title":"Meta-analysis in information systems research: method choices and recommendations for future research","volume":"121","year":"2020","journal-title":"Industrial Management and Data Systems"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1007\/s11747-020-00762-y","article-title":"Understanding anthropomorphism in service provision: a meta-analysis of physical robots, chatbots, and other AI","volume":"49","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1108\/IMDS-03-2022-0170","article-title":"A meta-analytic examination of the antecedents explaining the intention to use fintech","volume":"123","year":"2023","journal-title":"Industrial Management and Data Systems"},{"key":"key2023122714452098900_ref103","volume-title":"Introduction to Meta-analysis","year":"2009"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1002\/mar.21743","article-title":"Virtual is so real! Consumers' evaluation of product packaging in virtual reality","volume":"40","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychology and Marketing"},{"issue":"10","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su10103475","article-title":"A comparative analysis of satisfaction and sustainable participation in actual leisure sports and virtual reality leisure sports","volume":"10","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sustainability (Switzerland)"},{"key":"key2023122714452098900_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2018.10.063","article-title":"A dual model of product involvement for effective virtual reality: the roles of imagination, co-creation, telepresence, and interactivity","volume":"100","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"key":"key2023122714452098900_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2020.09.058","article-title":"Perception is reality\u2026 How digital retail environments influence brand perceptions through presence","volume":"123","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1177\/002216787501500306","article-title":"Play and intrinsic rewards","volume":"15","year":"1975","journal-title":"Journal of Humanistic Psychology"},{"issue":"January 2018","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2018.11.008","article-title":"\u2018Too true to be good?\u2019 when virtual reality decreases interest in actual reality","volume":"100","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"issue":"449","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.2000.10473905","article-title":"A nonparametric \u2018trim and fill\u2019 method of accounting for publication bias in meta-analysis","volume":"95","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1002\/mar.21767","article-title":"Metaverse marketing: how the metaverse will shape the future of consumer research and practice","volume":"40","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychology and Marketing"},{"key":"key2023122714452098900_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1007\/s10796-017-9774-y","article-title":"Re-examining the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT): towards a revised theoretical model","volume":"21","year":"2019","journal-title":"Information Systems Frontiers"},{"key":"key2023122714452098900_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2022.102542","article-title":"Metaverse beyond the hype: multidisciplinary perspectives on emerging challenges, opportunities, and agenda for research, practice and policy","volume":"66","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Information Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1002\/mar.21082","article-title":"Do they shop to stand out or fit in? The luxury fashion purchase intentions of young adults","volume":"35","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychology and Marketing"},{"issue":"7109","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","article-title":"Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test","volume":"315","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"key2023122714452098900_ref026","volume-title":"The Essential Guide to Effect Sizes: Statistical Power, Metaanalysis, and the Interpretation of Research Results","year":"2010"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretai.2018.01.001","article-title":"Appreciating anonymity: an exploration of embarrassing products and the power of blending in","volume":"94","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Retailing"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elerap.2014.08.002","article-title":"Reputation mechanism for e-commerce in virtual reality environments","volume":"13","year":"2014","journal-title":"Electronic Commerce Research and Applications"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1080\/15252019.2018.152131710","article-title":"Privacy concerns, perceived intrusiveness, and privacy controls: an analysis of virtual try-on apps","volume":"19","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Interactive Advertising"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref029","first-page":"50","article-title":"Virtual reality now a research reality","volume":"5","year":"1993","journal-title":"Marketing Research"},{"key":"key2023122714452098900_ref030","unstructured":"Grand View Research (2023), \u201cVirtual reality in retail market to reach $23.69 billion by 2030\u201d, available at: https:\/\/www.grandviewresearch.com\/press-release\/global-virtual-reality-retail-market (accessed 10 September 2023)."},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jcr\/ucw084","article-title":"Power distance belief, power, and charitable giving","volume":"44","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Consumer Research"},{"issue":"13","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1108\/IJRDM-06-2021-0274","article-title":"Effects of virtual stores' opaque exterior on store perceptions and purchase intentions","volume":"50","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1108\/08876040110392489","article-title":"Reducing buyer search costs: implications for electronic marketplaces","volume":"28","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Product and Brand Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1108\/17566261311328828","article-title":"Gender effects on entrepreneurial intention: a meta-analytical structural equation model","volume":"5","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship"},{"key":"key2023122714452098900_ref035","unstructured":"Heilig, M. (1998), \u201cBeginnings: sensorama and the telesphere mask\u201d, in Digital Illusion: Entertaining the Future with High Technology, pp.\u00a0343-351."},{"issue":"7414","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","article-title":"Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses","volume":"327","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1002\/mar.216005","article-title":"How to strategically choose or combine augmented and virtual reality for improved online experiential retailing","volume":"39","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychology and Marketing"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.4018\/IRMJ.2020040102","article-title":"An exploration of the impact of virtual reality interfaces on online shopping","volume":"33","year":"2020","journal-title":"Information Resources Management Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118","article-title":"Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives","volume":"6","year":"1999","journal-title":"Structural Equation\u00a0Modeling: A\u00a0Multidisciplinary Journal"},{"issue":"413","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.2307\/2289738","article-title":"Methods of meta-analysis: correcting error and bias in research findings","volume":"86","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"issue":"13","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2020.17261079","article-title":"Player experience of needs satisfaction (PENS) in an immersive virtual reality exercise platform describes motivation and enjoyment","volume":"36","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction"},{"key":"key2023122714452098900_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2019.01.005","article-title":"The effect of characteristics of source credibility on consumer behaviour: a meta-analysis","volume":"53","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000245","article-title":"Meta-analytic structural equation modeling with moderating effects on SEM parameters","volume":"25","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychological Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40691-018-0166-9","article-title":"How to evoke consumer approach intention toward VR stores? Sequential mediation through telepresence and experiential value","volume":"6","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fashion and Textiles"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref043","first-page":"849","article-title":"Gender differences in adolescents' online shopping motivations","volume":"4","year":"2010","journal-title":"African Journal of Business Management"},{"key":"key2023122714452098900_ref044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102226","article-title":"Meta-analysis in information systems research: review and recommendations","volume":"55","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Information Management"},{"key":"key2023122714452098900_ref045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-64027-3_13","article-title":"The sensorama revisited: evaluating the application of multi-sensory input on the sense of presence in 360-degree immersive film in virtual reality","year":"2018"},{"key":"key2023122714452098900_ref046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2022.103080","article-title":"Analyzing the effects of storefront window display transparency on perceived store Attractiveness and Approach behavior","volume":"69","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1080\/08838151.2020.1798159","article-title":"Going beyond just watching: the fan adoption process of virtual reality spectatorship","volume":"64","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media"},{"key":"key2023122714452098900_ref047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intmar.2019.07.002","article-title":"How 3D virtual reality stores can shape consumer purchase decisions: the roles of informativeness and playfulness","volume":"49","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Interactive Marketing"},{"key":"key2023122714452098900_ref048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2018.12.040","article-title":"The impact of virtual reality (VR) technology on sport spectators' flow experience and satisfaction","volume":"93","year":"2019","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"November","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102822","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2021.10282219","article-title":"Virtual reality as a promotion tool for small independent stores","volume":"64","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1108\/JRIM-07-2020-0148","article-title":"How interactivity and vividness influence consumer virtual reality shopping experience: the mediating role of telepresence","volume":"15","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1111\/isj.12382","article-title":"Comparing low sensory enabling (LSE) and high sensory enabling (HSE) virtual product presentation modes in e-commerce","volume":"32","year":"2022","journal-title":"Information Systems Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref051","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1108\/SBM-11-2018-0095","article-title":"Sport content and virtual reality technology acceptance","volume":"10","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1080\/10496491.2021.2015517","article-title":"Exploring a new form of interaction in the match day: virtual reality technologies among fans of soccer","volume":"28","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Promotion Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40691-021-00270-94","article-title":"Can consumers\u2019 gamified, personalized, and engaging experiences with VR fashion apps increase in-app purchase intention by fulfilling needs?","volume":"8","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fashion and Textiles"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref053","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-018-0362-3","article-title":"Shopping in virtual reality: a study on consumers' shopping experience in a stereoscopic virtual reality","volume":"23","year":"2019","journal-title":"Virtual Reality"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.15722\/jds.18.2.202002.516","article-title":"Use of immersive virtual technology in consumer retailing and its effects to consumer","volume":"8","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Distribution Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2007.01.018","article-title":"Empirical analysis of consumer reaction to the virtual reality shopping mall","volume":"24","year":"2008","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"9","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4018\/jgim.2920666","article-title":"Influence of virtual experience immersion, product control, and stimulation on advertising effects","volume":"30","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Global Information Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2010.12.009","article-title":"Why people use social networking sites: an empirical study integrating network externalities and motivation theory","volume":"27","year":"2011","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"key2023122714452098900_ref056","article-title":"Practical meta-analysis","year":"2001"},{"key":"key2023122714452098900_ref057","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106374","article-title":"Effects of physical, non-immersive virtual, and immersive virtual store environments on consumers' perceptions and purchase behavior","volume":"110","year":"2020","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"key2023122714452098900_ref058","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2021.05.035","article-title":"How escapism leads to behavioral intention in a virtual reality store with background music?","volume":"134","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"key":"key2023122714452098900_ref059","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2017.09.027","article-title":"Cross-national variation in consumers' retail channel selection in a multichannel environment: evidence from Asia-Pacific countries","volume":"86","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"key":"key2023122714452098900_ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2018.10.05412","article-title":"The influence of virtual reality in e-commerce","volume-title":"Journal of Business Research","year":"2019"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref060","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1002\/cb.1946","article-title":"Influence of parents, peers, and media on adolescents' consumer knowledge, attitudes, and purchase behavior: a meta-analysis","volume":"20","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Consumer Behaviour"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref061","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1002\/mar.21436","article-title":"From \u2018touch\u2019 to a \u2018multi-sensory\u2019 experience: the impact of technology interface and product type on consumer responses","volume":"38","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychology and Marketing"},{"key":"key2023122714452098900_ref062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2022.102571","article-title":"Re-examining post-acceptance model of information systems continuance: a revised theoretical model using MASEM approach","volume":"68","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Information Management"},{"key":"key2023122714452098900_ref063","article-title":"Immersive time (ImT): conceptualizing time spent in the metaverse","volume":"72","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Information Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2014.11.002","article-title":"Factors affecting adoption of online banking: a meta-analytic structural equation modeling study","volume":"52","year":"2015","journal-title":"Information and Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1207\/S15328031US0201_01","article-title":"Meta-analysis and power: some suggestions for the use of power in research synthesis","volume":"2","year":"2003","journal-title":"Understanding Statistics"},{"issue":"7","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1108\/JPBM-08-2018-197511","article-title":"Product design matters, but is it enough? Consumers\u2019 responses to product design and environment congruence","volume":"29","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Product and Brand Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref066","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1108\/IMDS-12-2021-0799","article-title":"Impulse purchases during emergency situations: exploring permission marketing and the role of blockchain","volume":"123","year":"2023","journal-title":"Industrial Management and Data Systems"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41239-021-00310-w21","article-title":"VR as a choice: what drives learners\u2019 technology acceptance?","volume":"19","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1177\/0022242919830412","article-title":"Who is wary of user design? The role of power-distance beliefs in preference for user-designed products","volume":"83","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing"},{"issue":"10","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref068","first-page":"1","article-title":"Gender identity in consumer behavior research: a literature review and research agenda","volume":"2001","year":"2001","journal-title":"Academy of Marketing Science Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/0887302X21994287","article-title":"Do augmented and virtual reality technologies increase consumers\u2019 purchase intentions? The role of cognitive elaboration and shopping goals","volume":"41","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clothing and Textiles Research Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref070","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40691-018-0149-x","article-title":"Feasibility and user experience of virtual reality fashion stores","volume":"5","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fashion and Textiles"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref071","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.2019.1628889","article-title":"Shopping in virtual reality stores: the influence of immersion on system adoption","volume":"36","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Management Information Systems"},{"key":"key2023122714452098900_ref072","article-title":"Metaverse in 2040","author":"Pew Research","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pew Research"},{"key":"key2023122714452098900_ref073","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2019.11.063","article-title":"Branding in the time of virtual reality: are virtual store brand perceptions real?","volume":"119","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"key":"key2023122714452098900_ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2019.07.0028","article-title":"Me or just like me? The role of virtual try-on and physical appearance in apparel M-retailing","volume-title":"Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services","year":"2019"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2011.03.003","article-title":"Cultural influence on consumers' usage of social networks and its' impact on online purchase intentions","volume":"18","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref075","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1108\/MIP-08-2021-0255","article-title":"Impact of retailing technology during business shutdown","volume":"40","year":"2022","journal-title":"Marketing Intelligence and Planning"},{"issue":"11","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref076","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su13116336","article-title":"Enhancing the sneakers shopping experience through virtual fitting using augmented reality","volume":"13","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sustainability (Switzerland)"},{"issue":"9-10","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2009.02.027","article-title":"A proposed model of online consumer behavior: assessing the role of gender","volume":"63","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretai.2020.09.00213","article-title":"The power of consequential product sounds","volume":"97","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Retailing"},{"key":"key2023122714452098900_ref078","volume-title":"Essentials of Behavioral Research: Methods and Data Analysis","year":"2008"},{"issue":"11","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2019.170861217","article-title":"User acceptance of virtual reality: an extended technology acceptance model","volume":"36","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction"},{"key":"key2023122714452098900_ref079","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.08.007","article-title":"Virtual reality and stimulation of touch and smell for inducing relaxation: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"55","year":"2016","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"22","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref080","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/su12229345","article-title":"Acceptance and influencing factors of social virtual reality in the urban elderly","volume":"12","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sustainability (Switzerland)"},{"key":"key2023122714452098900_ref081","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2017.09.012","article-title":"Empathy and embodied experience in virtual environment: to what extent can virtual reality stimulate empathy and embodied experience?","volume":"78","year":"2018","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"00","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref082","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/09593969.2022.2049852","article-title":"The effects of retail environmental design elements in virtual reality (VR) fashion stores","volume":"00","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref083","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1108\/02651330610660074","article-title":"Cultural differences in, and influences on, consumers' propensity to adopt innovations","volume":"23","year":"2006","journal-title":"International Marketing Review"},{"issue":"7","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1080\/02650487.2020.183421018","article-title":"Virtual reality advertising with brand experiences: the effects of media devices, virtual representation of the self, and self-presence","volume":"40","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Advertising"},{"key":"key2023122714452098900_ref084","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2017.12.002","article-title":"Impact of culture, behavior and gender on green purchase intention","volume":"41","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.2307\/2304280522","article-title":"What if your avatar looks like you? Dual-congruity perspectives for avatar use","volume":"35","year":"2011","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref085","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1260","article-title":"Introduction, comparison, and validation of <scp> Meta-Essentials <\/scp> : a free and simple tool for meta-analysis","volume":"8","year":"2017","journal-title":"Research Synthesis Methods"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref086","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1108\/APJML-09-2021-0652","article-title":"Leveraging personalization and customization affordances of virtual try-on apps for a new model in apparel m-shopping","volume":"35","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics"},{"key":"key2023122714452098900_ref087","first-page":"357","article-title":"Exploring the roles of gender and ethnicity as antecedents of trust in 3D immersive electronic commerce","year":"2008"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref088","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2004.12.002","article-title":"Gender differences in spatial knowledge acquired through simulated exploration of a virtual shopping centre","volume":"25","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref089","first-page":"160","article-title":"Exploring the factors influencing consumer\u2019S attitude toward using and use intention of virtual reality games","volume":"13","year":"2021","journal-title":"The International Journal of Organizational Innovation"},{"key":"key2023122714452098900_ref090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2020.09.006","article-title":"Brands in virtual reality games: affective processes within computer-mediated consumer experiences","volume":"122","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"key":"key2023122714452098900_ref091","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2017.07.019","article-title":"Escaping the crowd: an experimental study on the impact of a Virtual Reality experience in a shopping mall","volume":"77","year":"2017","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v036.i03","article-title":"Conducting meta-analyses in R with the metafor package","volume":"36","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Software"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.11","article-title":"Outlier and influence diagnostics for meta-analysis","volume":"1","year":"2010","journal-title":"Research Synthesis Methods"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1080\/0959396090344519421","article-title":"Virtual reality retailing on the web: emerging consumer behavioural patterns","volume":"19","year":"2009","journal-title":"The International Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.4018\/irmj.201010010414","article-title":"The mediating role of virtual experience in online purchase intentions","volume":"23","year":"2010","journal-title":"Information Resources Management Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref094","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1080\/15252019.2020.1846642","article-title":"Did you notice the ads? Examining the influence of telepresence and user control on the effectiveness of embedded billboard ads in a VR racing game","volume":"20","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Interactive Advertising"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1108\/INTR-07-2017-02587","article-title":"Investigating online consumers\u2019 responses to product presentation modes: does product type really matter?","volume":"29","year":"2019","journal-title":"Internet Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref095","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1080\/10864415.1997.11518308","article-title":"A comparison of shopping experiences across three competing digital retailing interfaces","volume":"2","year":"1997","journal-title":"International Journal of Electronic Commerce"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1145\/1190036.1190041","article-title":"Personal space in virtual reality","volume":"3","year":"2006","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Applied Perception"},{"key":"key2023122714452098900_ref097","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2021.04.075","article-title":"Shopping in virtual reality: a literature review and future agenda","volume":"134","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"issue":"10","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref098","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1108\/IJRDM-11-2019-0382","article-title":"How to design fashion retail's virtual reality platforms","volume":"48","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1108\/OIR-02-2020-005815","article-title":"Understanding virtual reality continuance: an extended perspective of perceived value","volume":"45","year":"2021","journal-title":"Online Information Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.3727\/109830508788403114","article-title":"What motivates consumers to write online travel reviews?","volume":"10","year":"2008","journal-title":"Information Technology and Tourism"},{"key":"key2023122714452098900_ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10660-022-09616-x","article-title":"Physical or virtual showroom? The decision for omni-channel retailers in the context of cross-channel free-riding","year":"2023","journal-title":"Electronic Commerce Research"},{"key":"key2023122714452098900_ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2019.01.010","article-title":"Consumer perceptions and purchase behavior toward imperfect fruits and vegetables in an immersive virtual reality grocery store","volume":"48","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2023122714452098900_ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1080\/13527266.2019.1671480","article-title":"Using virtual reality to promote the university brand: when do telepresence and system immersion matter?","volume":"26","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing Communications"}],"container-title":["Industrial Management &amp; Data Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/IMDS-05-2023-0336\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/IMDS-05-2023-0336\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T21:52:17Z","timestamp":1753393937000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/imds\/article\/124\/1\/212-252\/1214451"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]]},"references-count":123,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/IMDS-05-2023-0336"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/imds-05-2023-0336","relation":{},"ISSN":["0263-5577"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0263-5577","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]]}}}