{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T20:19:03Z","timestamp":1776457143967,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,17]],"date-time":"2016-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1476662400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IMDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The purpose of this paper is to provide an illustrated step-by-step guideline of the partial least squares factorial structural equation modeling (PLS FAC-SEM) approach. This approach allows researchers to assess whether and how model relationships vary as a function of an underlying factorial design, both in terms of the design factors in isolation (i.e. main effects) as well as their joint impact (i.e. interaction effects).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>After an introduction of its building blocks as well as a comparison with related methods (i.e. <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multi-group analysis (MGA)), a step-by-step guideline of the PLS FAC-SEM approach is presented. Each of the steps involved in the PLS FAC-SEM approach is illustrated using data from a customer value study.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>On a methodological level, the key result of this research is the presentation of a generally applicable step-by-step guideline of the PLS FAC-SEM approach. On a context-specific level, the findings demonstrate how the predictive ability of several key customer value measurement methods depends on the type of offering (feel-think), the level of customer involvement (low-high), and their interaction (feel-think offerings\u00d7low-high involvement).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This is a first attempt to apply the factorial structural equation models (FAC-SEM) approach in a PLS-SEM context. Consistent with the general differences between PLS-SEM and covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM), the FAC-SEM approach, which was originally developed for CB-SEM, therefore becomes available for a larger amount of and different types of research situations.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/imds-07-2015-0318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,20]],"date-time":"2016-10-20T09:51:25Z","timestamp":1476957085000},"page":"1922-1945","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["PLS FAC-SEM: an illustrated step-by-step guideline to obtain a unique insight in factorial data"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Sandra","family":"Streukens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Leroi-Werelds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"key2020121201265420100_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8116(95)00021-S","article-title":"Consumer\u2019s means-end chains for \u2018think\u2019 and \u2018feel\u2019 products","volume":"12","year":"1995","journal-title":"International Journal of Research in Marketing"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020121201265420100_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1509\/jmkr.38.2.269.18845","article-title":"Index construction with formative indicators: an alternative to scale development","volume":"38","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020121201265420100_ref003","first-page":"10","article-title":"Consistent and asymptotically normal PLS estimators for linear structural equations","volume":"81","year":"2015","journal-title":"Computational Statistics & Data Analysis"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020121201265420100_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.25300\/MISQ\/2015\/39.2.02","article-title":"Consistent partial least squares path modeling","volume":"39","year":"2015","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020121201265420100_ref005","first-page":"307","article-title":"Effects of price, brand, and store information on buyers\u2019 product evaluations","volume":"28","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020121201265420100_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1177\/1094670514566797","article-title":"Managing the bright and dark sides of status endowment in hierarchical loyalty programs","volume":"18","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Service Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020121201265420100_ref007","first-page":"382","article-title":"Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: algebra and statistics","volume":"18","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing Research"},{"key":"key2020121201265420100_ref008","volume-title":"Managing Customer Value","year":"1994"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020121201265420100_ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1108\/02635571311312686","article-title":"Why do people change routes? 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