{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T14:50:34Z","timestamp":1761490234530,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,8]],"date-time":"2017-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1494201600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IMDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The purpose of this paper is to establish a cyber physical environment for digital product design and manufacturing. To realize this goal, the specific issue of integrating design knowledge-based system (KBS) and 3D printing (3DP) system is focused. A graphics generation method is thereby developed to transform the KBS outputs into graphical format which can be directly read and manufactured by 3DP system.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A graphics generation method is proposed in this paper. Through organizing alphanumeric outputs of the consultation session with a design KBS into parametric format, the consultation results can be directly used by computer-aided design (CAD) tools to generate graphical models which can be further exported into a 3DP system to produce physical objects.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The proposed graphics generation method can be effective to link design KBS and 3DP. Therefore, the seamless connection between design and prototyping systems can be realized, which further lays the communication foundation for a cyber physical environment for digital design and manufacturing.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study provides research insights about potential cyber physical system applications in digital design and manufacturing area. Moreover, this paper contributes an effective technique to integrate design KBS and 3DP.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/imds-07-2016-0280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,20]],"date-time":"2017-03-20T20:23:40Z","timestamp":1490041420000},"page":"648-671","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Digital design and manufacturing of wood head golf club in a cyber physical environment"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"117","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6230-5796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danni","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chun-Hsien","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120711595518400_ref001","first-page":"493","article-title":"Smart cyber society: integration of capillary devices with high usability based on cyber-physical system","volume":"56","year":"2016","journal-title":"Future Generation Computer Systems"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120711595518400_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2010.06.079","article-title":"A decision-making module for aiding ship system automation design: a knowledge-based approach","volume":"38","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"issue":"9","key":"key2020120711595518400_ref003","first-page":"128","article-title":"Big data and virtualization for manufacturing cyber-physical systems: a survey of the current status and future outlook","volume":"81","year":"2016","journal-title":"Computers in Industry"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120711595518400_ref004","first-page":"476","article-title":"Secure clustering for efficient data dissemination in vehicular cyber-physical systems","volume":"56","year":"2016","journal-title":"Future Generation Computer Systems"},{"volume-title":"CAD: Principles and Applications","year":"1985","key":"key2020120711595518400_ref005"},{"first-page":"47","article-title":"Integration of knowledge engineering and 3D printing for digital design and manufacturing \u2013 a case study","year":"2014","key":"key2020120711595518400_ref006"},{"first-page":"926","article-title":"GOLFES \u2013 an expert system for wood head golf club design","year":"1995","key":"key2020120711595518400_ref007"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120711595518400_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0394.00106","article-title":"A knowledge sorting process for a product design expert system","volume":"16","year":"1999","journal-title":"Expert Systems"},{"edition":"2nd ed.","volume-title":"Rapid Prototyping: Principles & Applications in Manufacturing","year":"2003","key":"key2020120711595518400_ref009"},{"key":"key2020120711595518400_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Colombo, A.W., Karnouskos, S. and Bangemann, T. 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