{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T17:48:36Z","timestamp":1780595316611,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,10]],"date-time":"2017-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1499644800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IMDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The purpose of this paper is twofold: first to carry out a comprehensive literature review for state of the art regarding airline schedule planning and second to identify some new research directions that might help academic researchers and practitioners.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The authors mainly focus on the research work appeared in the last three decades. The search process was conducted in database searches using four keywords: \u201cFlight scheduling,\u201d \u201cFleet assignment,\u201d \u201cAircraft maintenance routing\u201d (AMR), and \u201cCrew scheduling\u201d. Moreover, the combination of the keywords was used to find the integrated models. Any duplications due to database variety and the articles that were written in non-English language were discarded.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The authors studied 106 research papers and categorized them into five categories. In addition, according to the model features, subcategories were further identified. Moreover, after discussing up-to-date research work, the authors suggested some future directions in order to contribute to the existing literature.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The presented categories and subcategories were based on the model characteristics rather than the model formulation and solution methodology that are commonly used in the literature. One advantage of this classification is that it might help scholars to deeply understand the main variation between the models. On the other hand, identifying future research opportunities should help academic researchers and practitioners to develop new models and improve the performance of the existing models.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study proposed some considerations in order to enhance the efficiency of the schedule planning process practically, for example, using the dynamic Stackelberg game strategy for market competition in flight scheduling, considering re-fleeting mechanism under heterogeneous fleet for fleet assignment, and considering the stochastic departure and arrival times for AMR.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In the literature, all the review papers focused only on one category of the five categories. Then, this category was classified according to the model formulation and solution methodology. However, in this work, the authors attempted to propose a comprehensive review for all categories for the first time and develop new classifications for each category. The proposed classifications are hence novel and significant.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/imds-09-2016-0358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,24]],"date-time":"2017-05-24T19:18:16Z","timestamp":1495653496000},"page":"1201-1243","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Airline schedule planning: a review and future directions"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Abdelrahman E.E.","family":"Eltoukhy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix T.S.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.H.","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120623063558800_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1287\/inte.19.4.20","article-title":"Applying integer linear programming to the fleet assignment problem","volume":"19","year":"1989","journal-title":"Interfaces"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120623063558800_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1287\/trsc.1060.0172","article-title":"An exact solution approach for the preferential bidding system problem in the airline industry","volume":"41","year":"2007","journal-title":"Transportation Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120623063558800_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1287\/inte.21.1.62","article-title":"Recent advances in crew-pairing optimization at American Airlines","volume":"21","year":"1991","journal-title":"Interfaces"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120623063558800_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-2615(90)90032-T","article-title":"Selecting aircraft routes for long-haul operations: a formulation and solution method","volume":"24","year":"1990","journal-title":"Transportation Research Part B: Methodological"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120623063558800_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.43.3.491","article-title":"Deadhead selection for the long-haul crew pairing problem","volume":"43","year":"1995","journal-title":"Operations Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120623063558800_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1287\/trsc.36.2.199.566","article-title":"Itinerary-based airline fleet assignment","volume":"36","year":"2002","journal-title":"Transportation Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120623063558800_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.1070.0503","article-title":"Airline fleet assignment with enhanced revenue modeling","volume":"57","year":"2009","journal-title":"Operations Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120623063558800_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1287\/trsc.32.3.208","article-title":"Flight string models for aircraft fleeting and routing","volume":"32","year":"1998","journal-title":"Transportation Science"},{"key":"key2020120623063558800_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barnhart, C., Cohn, A., Johnson, E., Klabjan, D., Nemhauser, G. and Vance, P. 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