{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T12:29:12Z","timestamp":1778588952645,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,5]],"date-time":"2018-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517788800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IMDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of atmospherics and affective state on shoppers\u2019 in-store behaviour using the two approaches in structural equation modelling (SEM), i.e. Frequentist and Bayesian approaches. Shoppers\u2019 affective state was tested for its mediating effect on in-store shopping behaviour.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The final sample consists of 382 respondents who were drawn from shoppers at selected apparel stores in six of the most popular shopping malls around Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia). A frequentist approach to SEM is common among researchers and offers generally an analysis of the relationships between multiple latent variables and constructs. Alternatively, the Bayesian SEM (BSEM) approach stems from the diffusion of the model\u2019s posterior distributions using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo technique. More specifically, this technique is inherently more flexible and substantive in determining parameter estimates as compared to the more conventional, the frequentist approach to SEM.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The results show the mixed effects of atmospheric cues in retail setting on shoppers\u2019 affective state. More specifically, the positive direct effect of atmospheric cues (music) on in-store behaviour was confirmed while other atmospheric cues (colour and store layout) were found to be fully mediated by affective state. The Bayesian approach was able to offer more distinctive results complementing the frequentist approach.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Although the current sample size is adequate, it will be interesting to examine how a bigger sample size and different antecedents of in-store behaviour in retailing can affect the comparison between the frequentist approach in SEM and BSEM.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The authors found that a combination of well-designed store atmospherics and layout store can produce pleasurable effects on shoppers resulting in positive affective state. This study found that results from both frequentist and Bayesian approaches complement each other and it may be beneficial for future studies to utilise both approaches in SEM.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This paper met the aim to compare the approaches in SEM and the need to consider both approaches on in-store shopping environment. Overall, the authors contend that the Bayesian approach to SEM is a potentially viable alternative to frequentist SEM, especially when studies are conducted under dynamic conditions such as apparel retailing.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/imds-10-2016-0423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T07:17:52Z","timestamp":1514531872000},"page":"41-64","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A comparison between structural equation modelling (SEM) and Bayesian SEM approaches on in-store behaviour"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Fon Sim","family":"Ong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kok Wei","family":"Khong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ken Kyid","family":"Yeoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Osman","family":"Syuhaily","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Othman Mohd.","family":"Nor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"key2020093020012403800_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.103.3.411","article-title":"Structural equation modeling in practice: a review and recommended two-step approach","volume":"103","year":"1988","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"key2020093020012403800_ref002","volume-title":"AMOS 18 User\u2019s Guide","year":"2009"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020093020012403800_ref003","first-page":"336","article-title":"The influence of background music on shopping behavior: classical versus top-forty music in a wine store","volume":"20","year":"1993","journal-title":"Advances in Consumer Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020093020012403800_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.2753\/MTP1069-6679180303","article-title":"Can hedonic store environments help retailers overcome low store accessibility?","volume":"18","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020093020012403800_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1080\/13527260500247827","article-title":"Are you selling the right colour? 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