{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T03:45:13Z","timestamp":1767066313509,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":137,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,6]],"date-time":"2018-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517875200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["INTR"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The purpose of this paper is to construct and validate customer social participation (CSP) scale in the context of brand communities on social media.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In this study, various tests for reliability and validity have been performed to confirm scale structure. Data were collected using survey method from the student and non-student sample.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The results confirm a multi-dimensional scale with nine items for measuring customer participation in social media brand communities.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The results of this study present several implications for online brand communities managers and are likely to support future research in the context of social media brand communities.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This paper is the first to develop a multi-dimensional scale of customer participation in social media brand communities. This is a new addition to existing literature, as the majority of empirical studies in this field are from participation other than CSP, and contexts different from social media brand communities.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/intr-01-2017-0011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,11]],"date-time":"2017-12-11T19:08:40Z","timestamp":1513019320000},"page":"46-73","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Construction and validation of the customer social participation in brand communities scale"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Shampy","family":"Kamboj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bijoylaxmi","family":"Sarmah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"issue":"July","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref001","first-page":"97","article-title":"Understanding consumer intention to participate in online travel community and effects on consumer intention to purchase travel online and WOM: an integration of innovation diffusion theory and TAM with trust","volume":"60","year":"2016","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"key2020100209361105600_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ajzen, I. (1985), \u201cFrom intentions to actions: a theory of planned behavior\u201d, in Kuhl, J. and Beckman, J. (Eds), Action-Control: From Cognition to Behavior, Springer, Berlin and Heidelberg, pp. 11-39.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-69746-3_2"},{"volume-title":"Understanding Attitude and Predicting Social Behavior","year":"1980","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref003"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1509\/jmkg.69.3.19.66363","article-title":"The social influence of brand community: evidence from European car clubs","volume":"69","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing"},{"key":"key2020100209361105600_ref005","unstructured":"Annual Report of Tourism Department, Government of Delhi (2014), Department of Tourism, available at: http:\/\/delhi.gov.in\/wps\/wcm\/connect\/doit_tourism\/Tourism\/Home\/Annual+Report (accessed May 10, 2017)."},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1108\/JCM-04-2015-1390","article-title":"Influences of customer participation and customer brand engagement on brand loyalty","volume":"33","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Consumer Marketing"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1002\/dir.10006","article-title":"Intentional social action in virtual communities","volume":"16","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Interactive Marketing"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2014.09.035","article-title":"Online brand community engagement: scale development and validation","volume":"68","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1177\/1094670511411703","article-title":"Customer engagement: conceptual domain, fundamental propositions, and implications for research","volume":"14","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Service Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indmarman.2013.08.008","article-title":"Antecedents and consequences of the quality of e-customer-to-customer interactions in B2B brand communities","volume":"43","year":"2014","journal-title":"Industrial Marketing Management"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2008.01.005","article-title":"Progress in information technology and tourism management: 20 years on and 10 years after the Internet \u2013 the state of eTourism research","volume":"29","year":"2008","journal-title":"Tourism Management"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1108\/14684520710841766","article-title":"The impact of participation in virtual brand communities on consumer trust and loyalty: the case of free software","volume":"31","year":"2007","journal-title":"Online Information Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2010.01.004","article-title":"Relationship quality, community promotion and brand loyalty in virtual communities: evidence from free software communities","volume":"30","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Information Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2010.04.013","article-title":"Understanding the intention to follow the advice obtained in an online travel community","volume":"27","year":"2011","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"9","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2015.12.072","article-title":"Customer social participation in the social networking services and its impact upon the customer equity of global fashion brands","volume":"69","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1080\/21639159.2015.1012809","article-title":"How do customers\u2019 SNS participation activities impact on customer equity drivers and customer loyalty? Focus on the SNS services of a global SPA brand","volume":"25","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1509\/jmkg.74.3.048","article-title":"Is customer participation in value creation a double-edged sword? Evidence from professional financial services across cultures","volume":"74","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1108\/IMDS-08-2014-0234","article-title":"Gender differences in satisfaction with Facebook users","volume":"115","year":"2015","journal-title":"Industrial Management & Data Systems"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref019","first-page":"69","article-title":"An empirical examination of continuance intention of social network sites","volume":"8","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pacific Asia Journal of the Association for Information Systems"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1057\/jma.2014.9","article-title":"Antecedents and consequences of customer engagement in online brand communities","volume":"2","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing Analytics"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2010.11.001","article-title":"Social capital and individual motivations on knowledge sharing: Participant involvement as a moderator","volume":"48","year":"2011","journal-title":"Information & Management"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2011.04.006","article-title":"Understanding social networking sites adoption in China: a comparison of pre-adoption and post-adoption","volume":"27","year":"2011","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5915.1997.tb01313.x","article-title":"Reexamining a model for evaluating information center success using a structural equation modeling approach","volume":"28","year":"1997","journal-title":"Decision Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2004.01.005","article-title":"Improving the quality of online presence through interactivity","volume":"42","year":"2004","journal-title":"Information & Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1177\/1096348014525631","article-title":"Construction and validation of the customer participation scale","volume":"41","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2009.12.006","article-title":"A theoretical model of intentional social action in online social networks","volume":"49","year":"2010","journal-title":"Decision Support Systems"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2010.07.028","article-title":"Online social networks: why do students use Facebook?","volume":"27","year":"2011","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1108\/IntR-09-2013-0192","article-title":"Self-disclosure in social networking sites: the role of perceived cost, perceived benefits and social influence","volume":"25","year":"2015","journal-title":"Internet Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.22854","article-title":"Understanding the continuance intention of knowledge sharing in online communities of practice through the post\u2010knowledge\u2010sharing evaluation processes","volume":"64","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1108\/10662240810883290","article-title":"The impact of electronic word-of-mouth: the adoption of online opinions in online customer communities","volume":"18","year":"2008","journal-title":"Internet Research"},{"issue":"12","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2511","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.23340","article-title":"How online social interactions influence customer information contribution behavior in online social shopping communities: a social learning theory perspective","volume":"66","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2012.06.008","article-title":"The impact of electronic wordof-mouth communication: a literature analysis and integrative model","volume":"54","year":"2012","journal-title":"Decision Support Systems"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1080\/00913367.2005.10639195","article-title":"Cross-cultural comparisons of interactivity on corporate web sites: the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, and South Korea","volume":"34","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Advertising"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1108\/IntR-07-2016-0198","article-title":"E-WOM messaging on social media: social ties, temporal distance, and message concreteness","volume":"27","year":"2017","journal-title":"Internet Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1177\/002224377901600110","article-title":"A paradigm for developing better measures of marketing constructs","volume":"16","year":"1979","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.2501\/JAR-51-1-313-320","article-title":"Following the fashionable friend: the power of social media","volume":"51","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Advertising Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.2307\/249008","article-title":"Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology","volume":"13","year":"1989","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"volume-title":"Scale Development: Theory and Application","year":"1991","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref038"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijresmar.2003.12.004","article-title":"A social influence model of consumer participation in network-and small-group-based virtual communities","volume":"21","year":"2004","journal-title":"International Journal of Research in Marketing"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref040","first-page":"223","article-title":"The role of gratification opportunities in determining media preference","volume":"21","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mass Communication Review"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2010.03.003","article-title":"Interactivity in multimedia learning: an integrated model","volume":"26","year":"2010","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref042","first-page":"349","article-title":"Parents\u2019 of adolescents use of social networking sites","volume":"33","year":"2014","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"year":"2007","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref043","article-title":"Trust and privacy concerns within social networking sites: a comparison of Facebook and MySpace"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0148-2963(97)00061-1","article-title":"Adding value in the information age: uses and gratifications of sites on the World Wide Web","volume":"41","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"issue":"8","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2012.03.011","article-title":"Understanding service quality in a virtual travel community environment","volume":"66","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0148-2963(98)00016-2","article-title":"Impact of participative service relationships on quality, satisfaction and retention: an exploratory study","volume":"46","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/002224378201900101","article-title":"The use of focus groups for idea generation: the effects of group size, acquaintanceship, and moderator on response quantity and quality","volume":"19","year":"1982","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing Research"},{"key":"key2020100209361105600_ref048","unstructured":"Fesenmaier, D.R. and Xiang, Z. (2014), \u201cTourism marketing from 1990-2010: two decades and a new paradigm\u201d, in McCabe, S. (Ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Tourism Marketing, Routledge, London, pp. 549-560."},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusvent.2010.09.002","article-title":"Social interaction via new social media:(how) can interactions on Twitter affect effectual thinking and behavior?","volume":"26","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Business Venturing"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1177\/002224378101800104","article-title":"Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error","volume":"18","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing Research"},{"key":"key2020100209361105600_ref051","unstructured":"French, J.R., Raven, B. and Cartwright, D. (1959), \u201cThe bases of social power\u201d, in Cartwright, D. (Ed.), Studies in Social Power, University of Michigan, Oxford, pp. 150-167."},{"key":"key2020100209361105600_ref052","unstructured":"Gibson, J.J. (1977), \u201cThe theory of affordances\u201d, in Shaw, R. and Bransford, J. (Eds), Perceiving, Acting, and Knowing: Toward an Ecological Psychology, Erlbaum, Lawrence, KS, pp. 67-82."},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annals.2011.04.014","article-title":"Intelligent systems in tourism: a social science perspective","volume":"38","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annals of Tourism Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref054","first-page":"59","article-title":"Building narrative logic into tourism information systems","volume":"17","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEE Intelligent Systems"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tele.2014.10.006","article-title":"Use and gratifications of mobile SNSs: Facebook and KakaoTalk in Korea","volume":"32","year":"2015","journal-title":"Telematics and Informatics"},{"volume-title":"Multivariate Data Analysis","year":"2014","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref056"},{"key":"key2020100209361105600_ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2016.08.026","article-title":"Branding co-creation with members of online brand communities","volume":"70","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1108\/IntR-03-2015-0090","article-title":"Consumer devotion to a different height: how consumers are defending the brand within Facebook brand communities","volume":"26","year":"2016","journal-title":"Internet Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1177\/1094670510375460","article-title":"The impact of new media on customer relationships","volume":"13","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Service Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1080\/0965254X.2011.599493","article-title":"Exploring customer brand engagement: definition and themes","volume":"19","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Strategic Marketing"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intmar.2013.12.002","article-title":"Consumer brand engagement in social media: conceptualization, scale development and validation","volume":"28","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Interactive Marketing"},{"issue":"9","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732305276687","article-title":"Three approaches to qualitative content analysis","volume":"15","year":"2005","journal-title":"Qualitative Health Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1108\/IntR-05-2014-0140","article-title":"Predicting good deeds in virtual communities of consumption: the cross-level interactions of individual differences and member citizenship behaviors","volume":"26","year":"2016","journal-title":"Internet Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.3727\/109830511X12978702284516","article-title":"A theory of unplanned travel decisions: implications for modeling on-the-go travelers","volume":"12","year":"2010","journal-title":"Information Technology & Tourism"},{"key":"key2020100209361105600_ref065","unstructured":"India Brand Equity Foundation (IBEF) (2016), \u201cIndian tourism and hospitality industry analysis\u201d, available at: www.ibef.org\/industry\/indian-tourism-and-hospitality-industry-analysis-presentation (accessed March 12, 2016)."},{"key":"key2020100209361105600_ref066","unstructured":"India Tourism Statistics (2015), Ministry of Tourism, Government of India, available at: http:\/\/tourism.gov.in\/annual-report-2014-2015 (accessed May 9, 2016)."},{"key":"key2020100209361105600_ref067","unstructured":"Internet and Mobile Association of India (2014-15), \u201c11th annual report 2014-15\u201d, available at: www.iamai.in\/sites\/default\/files\/annual_report\/AnnualReport2014-15.pdf (accessed July 21, 2016)."},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1080\/01449290903398190","article-title":"Predicting continuance in online communities: model development and empirical test","volume":"29","year":"2010","journal-title":"Behaviour & Information Technology"},{"key":"key2020100209361105600_ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhm.2013.08.015","article-title":"Enhancing consumer-brand relationships on restaurant Facebook fan pages: maximizing consumer benefits and increasing active participation","volume":"36","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Hospitality Management"},{"first-page":"821","article-title":"Uses & gratifications of a Facebook media sharing group","year":"2013","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref070"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1086\/208674","article-title":"Content analysis in consumer research","volume":"4","year":"1977","journal-title":"Journal of Consumer Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1177\/002200275800200106","article-title":"Compliance, identification, and internalization three processes of attitude change","volume":"2","year":"1958","journal-title":"Journal of Conflict Resolution"},{"key":"key2020100209361105600_ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.09.024","article-title":"Social media engagement: what motivates user participation and consumption on YouTube?","volume":"66","year":"2017","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1509\/jm.74.2.71","article-title":"Networked narratives: understanding word-of-mouth marketing in online communities","volume":"74","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing"},{"key":"key2020100209361105600_ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2014.07.001","article-title":"The uses and gratifications of using Facebook music listening applications","volume":"39","year":"2014","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"volume-title":"Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research","year":"2009","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref076"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1177\/0047287514538839","article-title":"Going mobile: defining context for on-the-go travelers","volume":"54","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Travel Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2012.07.003","article-title":"To be or not to be in social media: how brand loyalty is affected by social media?","volume":"33","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Information Management"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2012.04.016","article-title":"The effects of social media based brand communities on brand community markers, value creation practices, brand trust and brand loyalty","volume":"28","year":"2012","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref080","first-page":"1","article-title":"Social media in hospitality and tourism","volume":"29","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/10548408.2013.750919","article-title":"Social media in tourism and hospitality: A literature review","volume":"30","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1080\/0144929X.2010.490956","article-title":"Predicting the continued use of Internet-based learning technologies: the role of habit","volume":"30","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behaviour & Information Technology"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretai.2011.02.006","article-title":"Assessing the self-service technology encounters: development and validation of SSTQUAL scale","volume":"87","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Retailing"},{"volume-title":"Naturalistic Inquiry","year":"1985","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref084"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2016.03.013","article-title":"An empirical investigation of information sharing behavior on social commerce sites","volume":"36","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Information Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/10714420490280152","article-title":"Media Literacy and the challenge of new information and communication technologies","volume":"7","year":"2004","journal-title":"The Communication Review"},{"issue":"7","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1108\/03090561311324219","article-title":"Drivers of in-group and out-of-group electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM)","volume":"47","year":"2013","journal-title":"European Journal of Marketing"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1177\/1470593106066781","article-title":"Service-dominant logic: reactions, reflections and refinements","volume":"6","year":"2006","journal-title":"Marketing Theory"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tele.2015.06.009","article-title":"Uses and gratifications of digital photo sharing on Facebook","volume":"33","year":"2016","journal-title":"Telematics and Informatics"},{"key":"key2020100209361105600_ref090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhm.2013.05.009","article-title":"CSR and customer loyalty: the roles of trust, customer identification with the company and satisfaction","volume":"35","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Hospitality Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.soc.22.1.129","article-title":"Focus groups","volume":"22","year":"1996","journal-title":"Annual Review of Sociology"},{"article-title":"Marketing Science Institute Research Priorities 2010-2012","year":"2010","author":"MSI","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref092"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1145\/301153.301168","article-title":"Affordance, conventions, and design","volume":"6","year":"1999","journal-title":"Interactions"},{"volume-title":"Introduction to Psychological Measurement","year":"1978","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref094"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref095","first-page":"248","article-title":"The assessment of reliability","volume":"3","year":"1994","journal-title":"Psychometric Theory"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1108\/IJCHM-01-2014-0034","article-title":"Social media utilization of tourists for travel-related purposes","volume":"27","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2012.06.025","article-title":"User adoption of social networking sites: eliciting uses and gratifications through a means \u2013 end approach","volume":"29","year":"2013","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"key2020100209361105600_ref098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2013.07.045","article-title":"Adapting the technology acceptance model to evaluate the innovative potential of e-learning systems","volume":"30","year":"2014","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.1070.0765","article-title":"Cultivating trust and harvesting value in virtual communities","volume":"54","year":"2008","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2010.12.002","article-title":"Travelers\u2019 social identification and membership behaviors in online travel community","volume":"32","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tourism Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.3727\/109830511X12978702284390","article-title":"Mobile recommender systems","volume":"12","year":"2010","journal-title":"Information Technology & Tourism"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annals.2011.07.008","article-title":"Creativity and tourism: the state of the art","volume":"38","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annals of Tourism Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elerap.2009.05.004","article-title":"Virtual travel communities and customer loyalty: customer purchase involvement and web site design","volume":"9","year":"2010","journal-title":"Electronic Commerce Research and Applications"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1002\/dir.20046","article-title":"Collaborating to create: the internet as a platform for customer engagement in product innovation","volume":"19","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Interactive Marketing"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1108\/IntR-06-2015-0166","article-title":"Dural identity process for virtual community participation and impact of gender composition","volume":"27","year":"2017","journal-title":"Internet Research"},{"key":"key2020100209361105600_ref106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2014.08.006","article-title":"Exploring online social behavior in crowd sourcing communities: a relationship management perspective","volume":"40","year":"2014","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"14","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref107","first-page":"1489","article-title":"Luxury-cruise travellers\u2019 brand community perception and its consequences","volume":"20","year":"2015","journal-title":"Current Issues in Tourism"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref108","first-page":"280","article-title":"Consumer ethnocentrism: construction and validation of the CETSCALE","volume":"24","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1177\/1096348012451456","article-title":"Customer engagement with tourism brands: scale development and validation","volume":"38","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1086\/209413","article-title":"Analysis and interpretation of qualitative data in consumer research","volume":"21","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Consumer Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1509\/jmkr.46.1.92","article-title":"The importance of a general measure of brand engagement on market behavior: development and validation of a scale","volume":"46","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing Research"},{"key":"key2020100209361105600_ref112","unstructured":"Steinbauer, A. and Werthner, H. (2007), \u201cConsumer behavior in e-tourism\u201d, in Sigala, M., Mich, L. and Murphy, J. (Eds), Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism (Proceedings of the ENTER 2007 Conference), Springer, Vienna, pp. 65-76."},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref113","first-page":"897","article-title":"The influence of customer participation on the interaction with service-provider and emotional elements","volume":"38","year":"2009","journal-title":"Korean Management Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1080\/20932685.2013.866319","article-title":"Examining relationships among sustainable orientation, perceived sustainable marketing performance, and customer equity in fast fashion industry","volume":"5","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Global Fashion Marketing"},{"key":"key2020100209361105600_ref115","unstructured":"Sundar, S.S. (2008), \u201cThe MAIN model: a heuristic approach to understanding technology effects on credibility\u201d, in Metzger, M.J. and Flanagin, A.J. (Eds), Digital Media, Youth, and Credibility, The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 72-100."},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1080\/08838151.2013.845827","article-title":"Uses and grats 2.0: new gratifications for new media","volume":"57","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.thr.6050062","article-title":"Blogging as a social media","volume":"7","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tourism and Hospitality Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2011.03.011","article-title":"Brand community participation in Taiwan: examining the roles of individual-, group-, and relationship-level antecedents","volume":"65","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annals.2011.10.003","article-title":"The role of geo-based technology in place experiences","volume":"39","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annals of Tourism Research"},{"key":"key2020100209361105600_ref120","unstructured":"UN Report (2014), \u201cPutting soul into Indian cities: Delhi is the second largest city in the world\u201d, available at: http:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/india\/Delhi-second-largestcity-in-theworld\/articleshow\/38202820.cms? (accessed January 22, 2017)."},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1177\/1094670510375599","article-title":"Customer engagement behavior: theoretical foundations and research directions","volume":"13","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Service Research"},{"issue":"5-6","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref122","first-page":"373","article-title":"Toward a transcending conceptualization of relationship: a service-dominant logic perspective","volume":"24","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1509\/jmkg.68.1.1.24036","article-title":"Evolving to a new dominant logic for marketing","volume":"68","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11747-007-0069-6","article-title":"Service-dominant logic: continuing the evolution","volume":"36","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Academy of Marketing Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2015.04.003","article-title":"Customer participation in virtual brand communities: the self-construal perspective","volume":"52","year":"2015","journal-title":"Information & Management"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/S0261-5177(01)00093-0","article-title":"Defining the virtual tourist community: implications for tourism marketing","volume":"23","year":"2002","journal-title":"Tourism Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1083-6101.2009.01452.x","article-title":"Filter blogs vs. personal journals: understanding the knowledge production gap on the Internet","volume":"14","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref128","first-page":"316","article-title":"Customer engagement behaviors and hotel responses","volume":"33","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Hospitality Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1177\/0170840607076003","article-title":"Beyond the call of duty: why customers contribute to firm-hosted commercial online communities","volume":"28","year":"2007","journal-title":"Organization Studies"},{"issue":"9","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2012.02.026","article-title":"Customer value co-creation behavior: scale development and validation","volume":"66","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"key":"key2020100209361105600_ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.05.019","article-title":"What drives consumer knowledge sharing in online travel communities?: Personal attributes or e-service factors?","volume":"63","year":"2016","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2012.07.015","article-title":"Brand communities embedded in social networks","volume":"66","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1086\/208520","article-title":"Measuring the involvement construct","volume":"12","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Consumer Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1108\/IntR-05-2015-0149","article-title":"Understanding relationship benefits from harmonious brand community on social media","volume":"26","year":"2016","journal-title":"Internet Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1108\/IntR-06-2016-0148","article-title":"Understanding relationships among customer experience, engagement, and word-of-mouth intention on online brand communities: the perspective of Service Ecosystem","volume":"27","year":"2017","journal-title":"Internet Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1108\/ITP-08-2013-0144","article-title":"Building brand loyalty through user engagement in online brand communities in social networking sites","volume":"28","year":"2015","journal-title":"Information Technology & People"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020100209361105600_ref137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2011.01.008","article-title":"Less effortful thinking leads to more social networking? The associations between the use of social network sites and personality traits","volume":"27","year":"2011","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"}],"container-title":["Internet Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/IntR-01-2017-0011\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/IntR-01-2017-0011\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T21:34:51Z","timestamp":1753392891000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/intr\/article\/28\/1\/46-73\/184836"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,6]]},"references-count":137,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/IntR-01-2017-0011"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/intr-01-2017-0011","relation":{},"ISSN":["1066-2243"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1066-2243"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,6]]}}}