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Further, 100 unique definitions are identified in the sample. Definitions are examined using content analysis and applying a theoretical framework of five knowledge dimensions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>In declarative\/relational dimensions of knowledge, increasing levels of agreement are observed in the sample. Sources of tautological reasoning are identified. In conditional and causal dimensions, definitions of IoT remain underdeveloped. In the former, potential limitations of IoT related to resource scarcity, privacy and security are overlooked. In the latter, three main loci of agreement are identified.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study does not cover all published definitions of IoT. Some narratives may be omitted by our selection criteria and process.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study supports sensemaking of IoT. Main loci of agreement in definitions of IoT are identified. Avenues for further clarification and consensus are explored. A new framework that can facilitate further investigation and agreement is introduced.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is, to the authors\u2019 knowledge, the first study that examines the historical evolution of definitions of IoT vis-\u00e0-vis its technological features. This study introduces an updated framework to critically assess and compare definitions, identify ambiguities and resolve conflicts among different interpretations. The framework can be used to compare past and future definitions and help actors unfamiliar with IoT to make sense of it in a way to reduce adoption costs. It can also support researchers in studying early discussions of IoT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/intr-01-2020-0013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,3]],"date-time":"2021-06-03T03:50:44Z","timestamp":1622692244000},"page":"1583-1610","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Making sense of the internet of things: a critical review of internet of things definitions between 2005 and 2019"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7799-1285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Goumagias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Whalley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ozge","family":"Dilaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Cunningham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"key2022092213503551400_ref001","first-page":"10","volume-title":"Survey for Performance and Security Problems of Passive Side-Channel Attacks Countermeasures in ECC","year":"2019"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2022092213503551400_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s11235-017-0345-9","article-title":"Security in Internet of Things: issues, challenges, taxonomy, and architecture","volume":"67","year":"2018","journal-title":"Telecommunication Systems"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2022092213503551400_ref003","first-page":"78","article-title":"A survey on internet of things","volume":"1","year":"2013","journal-title":"Abak\u00f3s, Belo Horizonte"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2022092213503551400_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tele.2017.09.020","article-title":"Towards gadget-free internet services: a roadmap of the Naked world","volume":"35","year":"2018","journal-title":"Telematics and Informatics"},{"key":"key2022092213503551400_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2018.03.021","article-title":"SecTrust-RPL: a secure trust-aware RPL routing protocol for Internet of Things","volume":"93","year":"2019","journal-title":"Future Generation Computer Systems"},{"key":"key2022092213503551400_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2014.07.002","article-title":"Antecedents and consequences of organizations' technology sensemaking capability","volume":"88","year":"2014","journal-title":"Technological Forecasting and Social Change"},{"key":"key2022092213503551400_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2017.04.023","article-title":"The Internet of Things, dynamic data and information processing capabilities, and operational agility","volume":"136","year":"2018","journal-title":"Technological Forecasting and Social Change"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2022092213503551400_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2015.2444095","article-title":"Internet of things: a survey on enabling technologies, protocols, and applications","volume":"17","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials"},{"key":"key2022092213503551400_ref009","first-page":"192","article-title":"Internet of Things: a literature review","year":"2017"},{"key":"key2022092213503551400_ref010","first-page":"339","article-title":"Evaluation of IoT-based computational intelligence tools for DNA sequence analysis in bioinformatics","volume-title":"Progress in Advanced Computing and Intelligent Engineering","year":"2019"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2022092213503551400_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.2307\/3250961","article-title":"Review: knowledge management and knowledge management systems: conceptual foundations and research issues","volume":"25","year":"2001","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2022092213503551400_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s11036-018-1017-z","article-title":"Clustering-driven intelligent trust management methodology for the internet of things","volume":"23","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mobile Networks and Applications"},{"key":"key2022092213503551400_ref013","unstructured":"Ancona, D. 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