{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T00:12:44Z","timestamp":1776730364916,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The paper aims to develop and validate an instrument to measure users\u2019 perceptions of online personalized advertising.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>First, we identified 12 different aspects of online personalized advertisement and formulated candidate items through a literature review. A card sorting study and expert review were conducted to generate the initial scale items. We then conducted one survey (n\u00a0=\u00a0308) to create a reliable measurement instrument and another (n\u00a0=\u00a0296) to validate the instrument. Finally, we tested how the dimensions of the OPAD-Perception Framework can be used to differentiate between different levels of ad sensitivity, control\/no control over the ad personalization process, and different levels of granularity of ad explanation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The resulting OPAD-Perception Framework contains 49 Likert-formatted questions measuring ten distinct dimensions of online personalized advertising: reliability, usefulness, transparency, interactivity, targeting accuracy, accountability, creepiness, willingness to rely on, self-actualization, and persuasion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The OPAD-Perception Framework can serve as a powerful tool to measure users\u2019 attitudes toward online personalized advertising. This will enable advertisers and social media platforms to better support users\u2019 privacy expectations and provide user-friendly interfaces for controlling the ad personalization process.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/intr-01-2023-0078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]],"date-time":"2024-11-08T12:03:23Z","timestamp":1731067403000},"page":"2146-2188","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The OPAD-perception framework: measuring perceptions of online personalized advertising"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2465-3319","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lijie","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clemson University , , ,","place":["Clemson, South Carolina, USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4611-3030","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daricia","family":"Wilkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona State University , , ,","place":["Phoenix, Arizona, USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moses","family":"Namara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clemson University , , ,","place":["Clemson, South Carolina, USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karishma","family":"Patil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clemson University , , ,","place":["Clemson, South Carolina, USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bart P.","family":"Knijnenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clemson University , , ,","place":["Clemson, South Carolina, USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2025120800375856400_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretai.2014.09.005","article-title":"Unraveling the personalization paradox: the effect of information collection and trust-building strategies on online advertisement effectiveness","volume":"91","author":"Aguirre","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Retailing"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025120800375856400_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1108\/ijrdm-10-2020-0410","article-title":"Data-driven digital advertising: benefits and risks of online behavioral advertising","volume":"49","author":"Aiolfi","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025120800375856400_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04378","article-title":"Investigating users' experience on social media ads: perceptions of young users","volume":"6","author":"Al Qudah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2022.107412","article-title":"Privacy concerns in consumer e-commerce activities and response to social media advertising: empirical evidence from Europe","volume":"137","author":"Alkis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3290607.3311771","article-title":"Gamified ads: bridging the gap between user enjoyment and the effectiveness of online ads","author":"Altmeyer","year":"2019"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref006","unstructured":"An, M.\n           (2022), \u201cWhy people block ads (and what it means for marketers and advertisers)\u201d, available at:\u00a0https:\/\/blog.hubspot.com\/marketing\/why-people-block-ads-and-what-it-means-for-marketers-and-advertisers (accessed\u00a013 January 2023)."},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref007","first-page":"1","article-title":"Investigating ad transparency mechanisms in social media: a case study of Facebook's\u00a0explanations","author":"Andreou","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025120800375856400_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.2307\/25148715","article-title":"The personalization privacy paradox: an empirical evaluation of information transparency and the willingness to be profiled online for personalization","volume":"30","author":"Awad","year":"2006","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref009","article-title":"The cost of creepiness: how online behavioral advertising affects consumer purchase intention","author":"Barnard","year":"2014"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref010","volume-title":"Understanding Your Users: A Practical Guide to User Research Methods","author":"Baxter","year":"2015"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025120800375856400_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4018\/ijide.2017100101","article-title":"Online advertising: initial versus further avoidance","volume":"8","author":"Behboudi","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Innovation in the Digital Economy"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref012","first-page":"899","article-title":"Regulating online behavioral advertising","volume":"44","author":"Bennett","year":"2010","journal-title":"The John Marshall Law Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025120800375856400_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0033-2909.88.3.588","article-title":"Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures","volume":"88","author":"Bentler","year":"1980","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1108\/978-1-78560-313-620151005","article-title":"Informing consumers about \u2018hidden\u2019 advertising: a literature review of the effects of disclosing sponsored content","author":"Boerman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Advertising in New Formats and Media"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025120800375856400_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1080\/00913367.2017.1339368","article-title":"Online behavioral advertising: a literature review and research agenda","volume":"46","author":"Boerman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Advertising"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref016","first-page":"21","article-title":"B paper 1: customer inspiration: conceptualization, scale development, and validation","author":"B\u00f6ttger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inspiration in Marketing: Foundations, Process, and Application"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025120800375856400_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1177\/0002764217717560","article-title":"A factorial survey study on the influence of advertising place and the use of personal data on user acceptance of Facebook ads","volume":"61","author":"Broeck","year":"2017","journal-title":"American Behavioral Scientist"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref018","first-page":"1","article-title":"Clandestino or rifugiato? Anti-immigration Facebook ad targeting in Italy","author":"Capozzi","year":"2021"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025120800375856400_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1080\/00913367.2004.10639175","article-title":"Why do people avoid advertising on the internet?","volume":"33","author":"Cho","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Advertising"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025120800375856400_ref020","first-page":"e14","article-title":"Understanding the relationship between data breaches and hospital advertising expenditures","volume":"25","author":"Choi","year":"2019","journal-title":"American Journal of Managed Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025120800375856400_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1177\/002224377901600110","article-title":"A paradigm for developing better measures of marketing constructs","volume":"16","author":"Churchill","year":"1979","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing Research"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref022","volume-title":"E-Commerce Share of Total Retail Sales","author":"Coppola","year":"2021"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025120800375856400_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.2307\/249008","article-title":"Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology","volume":"13","author":"Davis","year":"1989","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025120800375856400_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1080\/00913367.2021.1888339","article-title":"How and when personalized advertising leads to brand attitude, click, and WOM intention","volume":"51","author":"De Keyzer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Advertising"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2487","DOI":"10.1145\/2470654.2481344","article-title":"Mobile advertising: evaluating the effects\u00a0of\u00a0animation, user and content relevance","author":"de Sa","year":"2013"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1109\/cbi.2019.00046","article-title":"Consumer perceptions of online behavioral advertising","author":"Dehling","year":"2019"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025120800375856400_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1002\/pra2.2018.14505501076","article-title":"Challenges for social media: misinformation, free speech, civic engagement, and data regulations","volume":"55","author":"DePaula","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref028","volume-title":"Scale Development: Theory and Applications","author":"DeVellis","year":"2021"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref029","first-page":"253","article-title":"Exploring private causes of action for victims of data breaches","volume":"41","author":"Dion","year":"2019","journal-title":"Western New England Law Review"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025120800375856400_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1080\/08824096.2019.1684253","article-title":"Too much information!? Examining the impact of different levels of transparency on consumers\u2019 evaluations of targeted advertising","volume":"36","author":"Dogruel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Communication Research Reports"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref031","first-page":"1","article-title":"Unpacking perceptions of data-driven inferences underlying online targeting and personalization","author":"Dolin","year":"2018"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref032","volume-title":"How Companies Learn Your Secrets","author":"Duhigg","year":"2012"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref033","first-page":"2873","article-title":"Scaling the security wall: developing a security behavior intentions scale (SeBIS)","author":"Egelman","year":"2015"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref034","first-page":"221","article-title":"Behaviorism is not enough: better recommendations through listening to users","author":"Ekstrand","year":"2016"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300724","article-title":"User attitudes towards algorithmic opacity and transparency in online reviewing platforms","author":"Eslami","year":"2019"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025120800375856400_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1177\/002224378802500207","article-title":"An updated paradigm for scale development incorporating unidimensionality and its assessment","volume":"25","author":"Gerbing","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing Research"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref037","volume-title":"74% of People Are Tired of Social Media Ads\u2014But They\u2019re Effective","author":"Gitlin","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025120800375856400_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177705148","article-title":"Snowball sampling","volume":"32","author":"Goodman","year":"1961","journal-title":"The Annals of Mathematical Statistics"},{"issue":"CSCW2","key":"2025120800375856400_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3555576","article-title":"Youths\u2019 perceptions of data collection in online advertising and social media","volume":"6","author":"Goray","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACM Human-Computer Interaction"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1145\/3490099.3511111","article-title":"Building trust in interactive machine learning via user contributed interpretable rules","author":"Guo","year":"2022"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref041","article-title":"Multivariate data analysis","author":"Hair","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exploratory Factor Analysis"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025120800375856400_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bushor.2011.01.007","article-title":"We\u2019re all connected: the power of the social media\u00a0ecosystem","volume":"54","author":"Hanna","year":"2011","journal-title":"Business Horizons"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref043","first-page":"1","article-title":"Unexpected and unpredictable: factors that make personalized advertisements creepy","author":"Herder","year":"2019"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025120800375856400_ref044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118","article-title":"Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives","volume":"6","author":"Hu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Structural Equation\u00a0Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1145\/2468356.2468680","article-title":"Ads suit up! Effects of website and advertiser credibility on consumer responses to banner ads","author":"Hug","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025120800375856400_ref046","first-page":"62","article-title":"Ads that don\u2019t overstep","volume":"96","author":"John","year":"2018","journal-title":"Harvard Business Review"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025120800375856400_ref047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1093\/jcr\/ucy039","article-title":"Why am I seeing this ad? The effect of ad transparency on ad effectiveness","volume":"45","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Consumer Research"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-7637-6_9","volume-title":"Recommender Systems Handbook","author":"Knijnenburg","year":"2015"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref049","first-page":"43","article-title":"Inspectability and control in social recommenders","author":"Knijnenburg","year":"2012"},{"issue":"4-5","key":"2025120800375856400_ref050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s11257-011-9118-4","article-title":"Explaining the user experience of recommender systems","volume":"22","author":"Knijnenburg","year":"2012","journal-title":"User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref051","first-page":"11","article-title":"Recommender systems for self-actualization","author":"Knijnenburg","year":"2016"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref052","first-page":"1","article-title":"What matters to users? Factors that affect users' willingness to share information with online advertisers","author":"Leon","year":"2013"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025120800375856400_ref053","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.2307\/2578601","article-title":"Trust as a social reality","volume":"63","author":"Lewis","year":"1985","journal-title":"Social Forces"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.07.049","article-title":"When does web-based personalization really work? The distinction between actual personalization and perceived personalization","volume":"54","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025120800375856400_ref055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1080\/13527266.2018.1469543","article-title":"Consumer perceptions of online advertising of weight loss products: the role of social norms and perceived deception","volume":"26","author":"Lim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing Communications"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref056","first-page":"1","article-title":"AdReveal: improving transparency into online targeted advertising","author":"Liu","year":"2013"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref057","article-title":"Beliefs and behaviors: internet users' understanding of behavioral advertising","author":"McDonald","year":"2010"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1145\/1125451.1125659","volume-title":"Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems","author":"McNee","year":"2006"},{"issue":"CSCW1","key":"2025120800375856400_ref059","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3449213","article-title":"Crowdsourcing and evaluating concept-driven explanations of machine learning models","volume":"5","author":"Mishra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025120800375856400_ref060","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intmar.2009.02.001","article-title":"Prospects for personalization on the internet","volume":"23","author":"Montgomery","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Interactive Marketing"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025120800375856400_ref061","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.2.3.192","article-title":"Development of an instrument to measure the perceptions of adopting an information technology innovation","volume":"2","author":"Moore","year":"1991","journal-title":"Information Systems Research"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref062","article-title":"Too creepy for comfort? A study of personalized online advertising effects on attitude towards the ad and the advertised brand across high\/low involvement and socially sensitive products, and the mediating role of the creepiness factor","author":"Myhrvold","year":"2018"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref063","unstructured":"NCSL\n           (2020), \u201c2019 consumer data privacy legislation\u201d, available at:\u00a0https:\/\/www.ncsl.org\/research\/telecommunications-and-information-technology\/consumer-data-privacy.aspx (accessed\u00a014 January 2023)."},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref064","article-title":"The good, bad and ugly of contextual ads from Google, Yahoo","author":"Niles","year":"2005","journal-title":"Section: Business"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025120800375856400_ref065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1002\/mar.20186","article-title":"Privacy attitudes and privacy-related behavior","volume":"24","author":"Norberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychology and Marketing"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203299982","volume-title":"Persuasion in Advertising","author":"O\u2019Shaugnessy","year":"2003"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref067","volume-title":"The Filter Bubble: How the New Personalized Web Is Changing what We Read and How We Think","author":"Pariser","year":"2011"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025120800375856400_ref068","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/2996466","article-title":"MyAdChoices: bringing transparency and control to online advertising","volume":"11","author":"Parra-Arnau","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on the Web"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2019.08.017","article-title":"Personalized advertisements with integration of names and photographs: an eye-tracking experiment","volume":"111","author":"Pfiffelmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref070","unstructured":"Purcell, K., Rainie, L. and Brenner, J. (2012), \u201cSearch engine use 2012\u201d, available at:\u00a0https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/internet\/2012\/03\/09\/search-engine-use-2012\/ (accessed\u00a024 September 2024)."},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref071","first-page":"521","article-title":"Predicting clicks: estimating the click-through rate for new ads","author":"Richardson","year":"2007"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref072","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1177\/1071181322661420","article-title":"Developing and validating measurement scales during pandemic conditions: a case study with the scale for habitat usability","author":"Robertson","year":"2022"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref073","unstructured":"Rogers, D.\n           (2015), \u201cHow business can gain consumers\u2019 trust around data\u201d, available at:\u00a0https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/davidrogers\/2015\/11\/02\/how-business-can-gain-consumers-trust-around-data\/?sh=10b7c91b6e77 (accessed\u00a014 January 2023)."},{"issue":"4","key":"2025120800375856400_ref074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/s0167-8116(02)00097-6","article-title":"The c-oar-se procedure for scale development in marketing","volume":"19","author":"Rossiter","year":"2002","journal-title":"International Journal of Research in Marketing"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref075","unstructured":"Ruginski, I.\n           (2019), \u201cStructural equation modeling in R tutorial 6: Confirmatory factor analysis using lavaan in R\u201d, available at:\u00a0https:\/\/www.ianruginski.com\/post\/sem\u210eandout6\/ (accessed\u00a014 January 2023)."},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref076","first-page":"1","article-title":"Advertiming matters: examining user ad consumption for effective ad allocations on social media","author":"Saha","year":"2021"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref077","first-page":"30","article-title":"Children\u2019s exposure to and perceptions of online advertising","volume":"5","author":"Sandberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Communication"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref078","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.05.036","article-title":"Who avoids location-based advertising and why? Investigating the relationship between user perceptions and advertising avoidance","volume":"63","author":"Shin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025120800375856400_ref079","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.2753\/joa0091-3367380206","article-title":"Measuring trust in advertising","volume":"38","author":"Soh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Advertising"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref080","first-page":"5","article-title":"Potential for discrimination in online targeted advertising","author":"Speicher","year":"2018"},{"issue":"2004","key":"2025120800375856400_ref081","first-page":"1","article-title":"Card sorting: a definitive guide","volume":"2","author":"Spencer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Boxes and Arrows"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315563312-13","volume-title":"Contemporary Issues in Social Media Marketing","author":"Stevens","year":"2017"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref083","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-658-24878-9_5","article-title":"Consumer view on personalized advertising: overview of self-reported benefits and concerns","author":"Strycharz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Advances in Advertising Research X"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025120800375856400_ref084","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1093\/jcr\/ucw012","article-title":"An audience of one: behaviorally targeted ads as implied social labels","volume":"43","author":"Summers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Consumer Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025120800375856400_ref085","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.2307\/25148757","article-title":"Understanding the impact of web personalization on user information processing and decision outcomes","volume":"30","author":"Tam","year":"2006","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref086","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.3389\/frai.2019.00024","article-title":"Can I influence you? Development of a scale to measure perceived persuasiveness and two studies showing the use of the scale","volume":"2","author":"Thomas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025120800375856400_ref087","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1509\/jmr.10.0355","article-title":"Social networks, personalized advertising, and privacy controls","volume":"51","author":"Tucker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing Research"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref088","article-title":"How many users are enough for a card-sorting study","author":"Tullis","year":"2004"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turow, J., King, J., Hoofnagle, C.J., Bleakley, A. and Hennessy, M. (2009), \u201cAmericans reject tailored advertising and three activities that enable it\u201d, available at:\u00a0https:\/\/printinthemix.cad.rit.edu\/research\/show\/79 (accessed\u00a014 January 2023).","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.1478214"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref090","first-page":"1","article-title":"Smart, useful, scary, creepy: perceptions of online behavioral advertising","author":"Ur","year":"2012"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025120800375856400_ref091","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1108\/02651331011020410","article-title":"Examining the role of beliefs and attitudes in online advertising: a comparison between the USA and Romania","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Marketing Review"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref092","first-page":"763","article-title":"The pursuit of transparency and control: a classification of ad explanations in social media","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2021"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref093","first-page":"261","article-title":"How much can behavioral targeting help online advertising?","author":"Yan","year":"2009"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025120800375856400_ref094","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1177\/107769900408100402","article-title":"Exploring the effects of online advertising on readers' perceptions of online news","volume":"81","author":"Yang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025120800375856400_ref095","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1080\/13527260802176419","article-title":"Effects beyond click-through: incidental exposure to web advertising","volume":"15","author":"Yoo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal\u00a0of\u00a0Marketing Communications"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025120800375856400_ref096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.19030\/jber.v12i1.8369","article-title":"The social media as echo chamber: the digital impact","volume":"12","author":"Yusuf","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Business and Economics Research"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref097","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.11.050","article-title":"\u2018Do you like cookies?\u2019 Adolescents\u2019 skeptical processing of retargeted Facebook-ads and the moderating role of privacy concern and a textual debriefing","volume":"69","author":"Zarouali","year":"2017","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref098","article-title":"Bad news: clickbait and deceptive ads on news and misinformation websites","author":"Zeng","year":"2020"},{"key":"2025120800375856400_ref099","first-page":"1","article-title":"What makes a \u2018bad\u2019 ad? User perceptions of problematic online advertising","author":"Zeng","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025120800375856400_ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.17705\/1jais.00775","article-title":"Reconcile the personalization-privacy\u00a0paradox: exploring privacy boundaries in online personalized advertising","volume":"24","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal\u00a0of\u00a0the Association for Information Systems"}],"container-title":["Internet Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/INTR-01-2023-0078\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/intr\/article-pdf\/35\/6\/2146\/10965212\/intr-01-2023-0078en.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/intr\/article-pdf\/35\/6\/2146\/10965212\/intr-01-2023-0078en.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T05:38:07Z","timestamp":1765172287000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/intr\/article\/35\/6\/2146\/1251405\/The-OPAD-perception-framework-measuring"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]]},"references-count":100,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/intr-01-2023-0078","relation":{},"ISSN":["1066-2243","2054-5657"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1066-2243","type":"print"},{"value":"2054-5657","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]]}}}