{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T20:46:46Z","timestamp":1773434806463,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":179,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]],"date-time":"2020-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598572800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["INTR"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Inspired by the dynamic changes in our daily lives enabled via quantified-self technologies and the urgent need for more studies on the human-computer interaction design mechanisms adopted by these applications, this study explores the value of user affective experience mirroring and examines the empowerment effect of meaningful gamification in a psychological self-help system (PSS) that aids people in work stress relief.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>Based on an analysis of the existing systems and theories in relevant fields, we conducted mixed-method research, involving semi-structured interviews, experience sampling experiments and user bio data triangulations, to identify the benefits of user affective experience mirroring and examine the impact of visual impact metaphor\u2013based (VIM) meaningful gamification on PSS users.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>For a gamified PSS, users generally perceive VIM as arousing more feelings of enjoyment, empathy, trust and usefulness, empowering them to gain more mastery and control over their emotional well-beings, especially with relieving their occupational stress and upbringing their level of perceived happiness. Overtime, VIM-based meaningful gamification further boosts such value of a PSS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>Weaving together meaningful gamification and psychological empowerment theories, the results emphasized that successful empowerment of user through gamification in PSSs relies heavily on whether a deeper and meaningful affective connection can be established with the users, in short, \u201cmeaningful gamification for psychological empowerment\u201d. Such an understanding, as demonstrated in our research framework, also sheds light on the design theories for persuasive technology and human influence tactics during human computer interactions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of the study demonstrate to practitioners how to make the best use of gamification strategies to deeply relate to and resonate with users. Even without complicated game-play design, meaningful gamification mechanisms, such as VIM facilitate the empowerment of users while gaining their appreciation, establishing a deeper connection with them and eventually generating persuasive effects on intended future behavioural outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Social implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>The effective management of work-related stress with handy tools such as a VIM-based PSS can be beneficial for many organizations and, to a large extent, the society.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study proposed and empirically demonstrated the empowerment effect of meaningful gamification for PSS users. In this cross-disciplinary study, theories from different research domains were synthesized to develop a more thorough and multi-faceted understanding of the optimal design strategies for emerging information systems like this VIM-based PSS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/intr-02-2020-0094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]],"date-time":"2020-08-28T07:10:50Z","timestamp":1598598650000},"page":"11-58","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Meaningful gamification for psychological empowerment: exploring user affective experience mirroring in a psychological self-help system"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Manning","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick Y.K.","family":"Chau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref001","first-page":"1137","article-title":"Achieving rapport with turn-by-turn, user-responsive emotional colouring","volume":"53","year":"2011","journal-title":"Speech Communication"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1145\/3330472.3330477","article-title":"Detecting common method bias: performance of the Harman's single-factor test","volume":"50","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACM SIGMIS Database: The DATABASE for Advances in Information Systems"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref003","article-title":"Mobile mental wellness training for stress management: feasibility and design implications based on a one-month field study","volume":"1","year":"2013","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2018.06.003","article-title":"Gamification: a key determinant of massive open online course (MOOC) success","volume":"56","year":"2019","journal-title":"Information and Management"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1007\/s00779-012-0512-7","article-title":"Evaluating experience sampling of stress in a single-subject research design","volume":"17","year":"2013","journal-title":"Personal and Ubiquitous Computing"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref006","unstructured":"Australian Government Department of Health (2012), \u201cE-mental health strategy for Australia\u201d, available at: https:\/\/www1.health.gov.au\/internet\/main\/publishing.nsf\/Content\/7C7B0BFEB985D0EBCA257BF0001BB0A6\/$File\/emstrat.pdf (accessed 8 September 2019)."},{"issue":"5","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref007","first-page":"935","article-title":"Facial similarity between voters and candidates causes influence","volume":"72","year":"2009","journal-title":"Public Opinion Quarterly"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1108\/IntR-10-2015-0295","article-title":"Why so serious? Gamification impact in the acceptance of mobile banking services","volume":"27","year":"2017","journal-title":"Internet Research"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref009","first-page":"285","article-title":"The partial least squares (PLS) approach to casual modeling: personal computer adoption and use as an Illustration","volume":"2","year":"1995","journal-title":"Technology Studies"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1700(199707)13:3<193::AID-SMI744>3.0.CO;2-I","article-title":"An inner quality approach to reducing stress and improving physical and emotional wellbeing at work","volume":"13","year":"1997","journal-title":"Stress Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2009.05.001","article-title":"Affective interaction: how emotional agents affect users","volume":"67","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Human-Computer Studies"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref012","volume-title":"Computational Model of Listener Behaviour for Embodied Conversational Agents","year":"2010"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.2012.01677.x","article-title":"Sponsorship disclosure: effects of duration on persuasion knowledge and brand responses","volume":"62","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Communication"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-1842.2007.00733.x","article-title":"Second Life: an overview of the potential of 3D virtual worlds in medical and health education","volume":"24","year":"2007","journal-title":"Health Information and Libraries Journal"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref015","first-page":"1","article-title":"Reducing test anxiety and improving test performance in America's schools: summary of results from the test edge national demonstration study","volume":"10","year":"2007","journal-title":"Institute of HeartMath"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2004.11.002","article-title":"Computers that care: investigating the effects of orientation of emotion exhibited by an embodied computer agent","volume":"62","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal of Human-Computer Studies"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref017","article-title":"Studying technology adoption behaviors with linear or non-linear PLS: does it make a difference?","year":"2011"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1177\/1468794104044434","article-title":"Maximizing transparency in a doctoral thesis1: the complexities of writing about the use of QSR* NVIVO within a grounded theory study","volume":"4","year":"2004","journal-title":"Qualitative Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2009.02.016","article-title":"The development of the Game Engagement Questionnaire: a measure of engagement in video game-playing","volume":"45","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref020","volume-title":"Psychology","year":"2009","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref021","first-page":"205","article-title":"Analysis of emotion recognition using facial expressions, speech and multimodal information","year":"2004"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref022","volume-title":"Embodied Conversational Agents","year":"2000"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref023","first-page":"92","article-title":"Emotion recognition through multiple modalities: face, body gesture, speech","volume-title":"Affect and Emotion in Human-Computer Interaction","year":"2008"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1080\/00913367.2012.749090","article-title":"Missing ingredients in metaphor advertising: the right formula of metaphor type, product type, and need for cognition","volume":"42","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Advertising"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref025","unstructured":"Changing States (1998), \u201cClinical hypnotherapy, EMDR and NLP based psychotherapy\u201d, available at: http:\/\/www.changingstates.co.uk\/stress_anxiety_treatment_online.html (accessed 4 June 2019)."},{"issue":"6","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.76.6.893","article-title":"The chameleon effect: the perception\u2013behavior link and social interaction","volume":"76","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-1083-6_19","article-title":"Emotional interaction in e-learning","volume-title":"Research on E-Learning and ICT in Education","year":"2012"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref028","first-page":"7","article-title":"Issues and opinion on structural equation modeling","volume":"22","year":"1998","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"issue":"8","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref029","first-page":"663","article-title":"Affective computing vs. affective placebo: study of a biofeedback-controlled game for relaxation training","volume":"72","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Human-Computer Studies"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref030","volume-title":"Affect and Emotion in Human-Computer Interaction: From Theory to Applications","year":"2008"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref031","first-page":"348","article-title":"Motivation measures in sport: a critical review and bibliometric analysis","volume":"8","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2010.12.003","article-title":"A self-validation perspective on the mere thought effect","volume":"47","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref033","volume-title":"Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory","year":"2014"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref034","unstructured":"Corporation, Huawei (2018), \u201cFun with 3D qmojis in AR lens\u201d, available at: https:\/\/consumer.huawei.com\/en\/emui-9\/tips\/greatphotos\/article1\/ (accessed 8 August 2018)."},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref035","unstructured":"Corporation, Intel (2014), \u201cPocket avatars\u201d, available at: http:\/\/www.pocketavatars.com\/ (accessed 9 July 2019)."},{"issue":"5","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intcom.2012.05.004","article-title":"User interactions with an affective nutritional coach","volume":"24","year":"2012","journal-title":"Interacting With Computers"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2009.09.003","article-title":"Exercising at home: real-time interaction and experience sharing using avatars","volume":"1","year":"2009","journal-title":"Entertainment Computing"},{"issue":"8","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2006.08.009","article-title":"Design aesthetics leading to m-loyalty in mobile commerce","volume":"43","year":"2006","journal-title":"Information and Management"},{"issue":"1498","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2002.2034","article-title":"Facial resemblance enhances trust","volume":"269","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref040","first-page":"457","article-title":"Why empathy has a beneficial impact on others in medicine: unifying theories","volume":"8","year":"2015","journal-title":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1177\/1470593118796697","article-title":"Marketing's metaphors have expired: an argument for a new dominant metaphor","volume":"19","year":"2019","journal-title":"Marketing Theory"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702614522228","article-title":"Mental health on the go: effects of a gamified attention-bias modification mobile application in trait-anxious adults","volume":"2","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clinical Psychological Science"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref043","first-page":"9","article-title":"From game design elements to gamefulness: defining gamification","year":"2011"},{"issue":"7","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1109\/34.598232","article-title":"Coding, analysis, interpretation, and recognition of facial expressions","volume":"19","year":"1997","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref045","unstructured":"European Commission (2012), \u201cRedesigning health in Europe for 2020, Ehealth task force report, Brussels\u201d, available at: https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eip\/ageing\/library\/redesigning-health-europe-2020_en (accessed 6 July 2019)."},{"issue":"5","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02506987","article-title":"Using empowerment theory in collaborative partnerships for community health and development","volume":"23","year":"1995","journal-title":"American Journal of Community Psychology"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref047","volume-title":"Taking the Measure of Work: A Guide to Validated Scales for Organizational Research and Diagnosis","year":"2002"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref048","volume-title":"Mirror Talk: Self-Framing Experiences along the Culture Trail, Reframing Organisational Culture","year":"1991"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref049","unstructured":"Frost, B. (2008), \u201cComputer and technology enhanced hypnotherapy and psychotherapy. A review of current and emerging techologies\u201d, available at: http:\/\/www.neuroinnovations.com\/ctep\/technology_and_computer_enhanced_psychotherapy.html (accessed 3 July 2019)."},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.2753\/MIS0742-1222260303","article-title":"Consumer empowerment through internet-based Co-creation","volume":"26","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Management Information Systems"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref051","article-title":"Constructing trustworthiness through pictorial and multimodal metaphor: an exploration of corporate visual rhetoric","year":"2014"},{"issue":"9","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2007.04.005","article-title":"Deception in cyberspace: a comparison of text-only vs. avatar-supported medium","volume":"65","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Journal of Human-Computer Studies"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref053","volume-title":"Partial Least Squares: Regression and Path Modeling","year":"2012"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref054","first-page":"271","article-title":"Text vs visual metaphor in mobile interfaces for novice user interaction","year":"2011"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.1991.tb01660.x","article-title":"A concept analysis of empowerment","volume":"16","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Nursing"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.25300\/MISQ\/2013\/37.2.01","article-title":"Positioning and presenting design science research for maximum impact","volume":"37","year":"2013","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref057","first-page":"1","article-title":"Virtual humans and persuasion: the effects of agency and behavioral realism","volume":"10","year":"2007","journal-title":"Media Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.2753\/MTP1069-6679190202","article-title":"PLS-SEM: indeed a silver bullet","volume":"19","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref059","volume-title":"A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM)","year":"2017"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref060","first-page":"13","article-title":"Well-Being's predictive value: a gamified approach to managing smart communities","year":"2013"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2015.01.007","article-title":"Why do people buy virtual goods? Attitude toward virtual good purchases versus game enjoyment","volume":"35","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Information Management"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref062","first-page":"3025","article-title":"Does gamification work? -- A literature review of empirical studies on gamification","year":"2014"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.3109\/09638237.2011.608746","article-title":"Mobile mental health: review of the emerging field and proof of concept study","volume":"20","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Mental Health"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref064","unstructured":"HeartMath (2011), \u201cThe HeartMath institute\u201d, available at: http:\/\/www.emwave.com.au\/ (accessed 20 September 2018)."},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref065","volume-title":"Experience Sampling Method: Measuring the Quality of Everyday Life","year":"2007"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref066","volume-title":"Depressed Little Prince","author":"HKJC","year":"2004"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-010-9248-7","article-title":"Virtual reality as an adjunctive non-pharmacologic analgesic for acute burn pain during medical procedures","volume":"41","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annals of Behavioral Medicine"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref068","first-page":"206","article-title":"Communication pedometer: a discussion of gamified communication focused on frequency of smiles","year":"2013"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1080\/02699939008408081","article-title":"The effect of power on susceptibility to emotional contagion","volume":"4","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cognition and Emotion"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2018.06.037","article-title":"How gamification marketing activities motivate desirable consumer behaviors: focusing on the role of brand love","volume":"88","year":"2018","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretai.2013.08.001","article-title":"Surprise, surprise. Ambient media as promotion tool for retailers","volume":"90","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Retailing"},{"issue":"12","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2024","article-title":"The mirror neuron system and the consequences of its dysfunction","volume":"7","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref073","volume-title":"Managing Empowerment","year":"2011"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1080\/14697010701717488","article-title":"Visual metaphor in advertising: is the persuasive effect attributable to visual argumentation or metaphorical rhetoric?","volume":"14","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing Communications"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2016.10.002","article-title":"Gamification for health and wellbeing: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"6","year":"2016","journal-title":"Internet Interventions"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3233\/jid-2012-0004","article-title":"Towards the development of A virtual counselor to tackle students' exam stress","volume":"16","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Integrated Design and Process Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iheduc.2004.12.001","article-title":"Digital game-based learning: towards an experiential gaming model","volume":"8","year":"2005","journal-title":"Internet and Higher Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1080\/10874208.2011.570695","article-title":"Appliance of heart rate variability biofeedback in acceptance and commitment therapy: a pilot study","volume":"15","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Neurotherapy"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4018\/ijec.2015100101","article-title":"Common method bias in PLS-SEM: a full collinearity assessment approach","volume":"11","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of E-Collaboration"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref080","first-page":"18","article-title":"Modeling embodied feedback with virtual humans","volume-title":"Modeling Communication with Robots and Virtual Humans","year":"2008"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02506990","article-title":"Individual, organizational, and societal empowerment: a study of the processes in a Nicaraguan agricultural cooperative","volume":"23","year":"1995","journal-title":"American Journal of Community Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.2979\/esj.2002.1.3.5","article-title":"Para-social presence and communication capabilities of a web site: a theoretical perspective","volume":"1","year":"2002","journal-title":"E-Service Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref083","first-page":"6","article-title":"Using empowerment to build trust and respect in the workplace: a strategy for addressing the nursing shortage","volume":"23","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nursing Economics"},{"issue":"8","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1080\/02650487.2019.1596445","article-title":"Imagination matters: do consumers' imagery processing and self-regulatory goals affect the persuasiveness of metaphor in advertising?","volume":"38","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Advertising"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1108\/INTR-05-2018-0232","article-title":"From power to punishment: consumer empowerment and online complaining behaviors","volume":"29","year":"2019","journal-title":"Internet Research"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref088","first-page":"405","volume-title":"Understanding My Data, Myself: Supporting Self-Reflection with Ubicomp Technologies","year":"2011"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2011.06.001","article-title":"Outcomes of effective explanations: empowering citizens through online advice","volume":"52","year":"2011","journal-title":"Decision Support Systems"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref087","article-title":"Towards the design and development of a virtual psychological self-service platform for occupational stress","year":"2014"},{"issue":"7","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2017.01.002","article-title":"Expert or peer? Understanding the implications of virtual advisor identity on emergency rescuer empowerment in mobile psychological self-help services","volume":"54","year":"2017","journal-title":"Information and Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1007\/s12650-016-0371-9","article-title":"The impact of metaphors on information visualization","volume":"20","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Visualization"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1108\/IntR-06-2017-0246","article-title":"How do avatar characteristics affect avatar friendliness and online gamer loyalty? Perspective of the theory of embodied cognition","volume":"28","year":"2018","journal-title":"Internet Research"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref092","first-page":"317","article-title":"Feel the difference: a guide with attitude!","volume-title":"Intelligent Virtual Agents 2007","year":"2007"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e9","DOI":"10.2196\/games.3413","article-title":"Just a fad? Gamification in health and fitness apps","volume":"2","year":"2014","journal-title":"JMIR Serious Games"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref094","volume-title":"Theories of Human Communication","year":"2007"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.25300\/MISQ\/2017\/41.4.01","article-title":"Toward meaningful engagement: a framework for design and research of gamified information systems","volume":"41","year":"2017","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref096","first-page":"179","article-title":"This is your life","year":"2014"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006824100041","article-title":"A measure of subjective happiness: preliminary reliability and construct validation","volume":"46","year":"1999","journal-title":"Social Indicators Research"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref098","article-title":"The efforts of therapists in the first session to establish a therapeutic alliance","year":"2008"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref099","first-page":"33","article-title":"Emotive characters can make learning more productive and enjoyable: it takes two to learn to Tango","volume":"47","year":"2007","journal-title":"Educational Technology: Special Issue on Pedagogical Agents"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.1989.10607413","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the intrinsic motivation inventory in a competitive sport setting: a confirmatory factor Analysis","volume":"60","year":"1989","journal-title":"Research Quarterly for Exercise andSport"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.7453\/gahmj.2014.073","article-title":"Heart rate variability: new perspectives on physiological mechanisms, assessment of self-regulatory capacity, and health risk","volume":"4","year":"2015","journal-title":"Global Advances in Health and Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02253868","article-title":"Facial feedback hypotheses: evidence, implications, and directions","volume":"20","year":"1996","journal-title":"Motivation and Emotion"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.13.3.334.81","article-title":"Developing and validating trust measures for e-commerce: an integrative typology","volume":"13","year":"2002","journal-title":"Information Systems Research"},{"issue":"8","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1080\/17524032.2018.1544160","article-title":"Using visual impact metaphors to stimulate environmentally friendly behaviour: the roles of response efficacy and evaluative persuasion knowledge","volume":"13","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environmental Communication-a Journal of Nature Culture"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref105","unstructured":"Mental Health Commission of Canada (2014), \u201cE-mental health in Canada: transforming the mental health system using technology\u201d, available at: https:\/\/www.mentalhealthcommission.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/MHCC_E-Mental_Health-Briefing_Document_ENG_0.pdf (accessed 8 January 2019)."},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.1371","article-title":"Mobile therapy: case study evaluations of a cell phone application for emotional self-awareness","volume":"12","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Internet Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2008.12.016","article-title":"Tell me why\u2026 the influence of self-involvement on short term smoking behaviour","volume":"34","year":"2009","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.79.2.211","article-title":"\u2018Mood contagion\u2019: the automatic transfer of mood between persons","volume":"79","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref109","unstructured":"Nicastro, D. (2013), \u201cGartner sticks to its failing gamification prediction\u201d, available at: http:\/\/www.cmswire.com\/cms\/social-business\/gartner-sticks-to-its-failing-gamification-prediction-023464.php (accessed 2 July 2019)."},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-10208-5_1","article-title":"A recipe for meaningful gamification","volume-title":"Gamification in Education and Business","year":"2015"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref111","first-page":"178","article-title":"Empowerment: the emperor's new clothes","volume":"76","year":"1998","journal-title":"Harvard Business Review"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref112","first-page":"631","article-title":"Systems development in information systems research","year":"1990"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.2753\/MIS0742-1222280102","article-title":"Embodied conversational agent-based kiosk for automated interviewing","volume":"28","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Management Information Systems"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref114","first-page":"28","article-title":"Persuasive systems design: key issues, process model, and system features","volume":"24","year":"2009","journal-title":"Communications of The AIS"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref115","first-page":"397","article-title":"Affective pedagogical agents and user persuasion","year":"2001"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1177\/1460458218766570","article-title":"Socially-driven persuasive health intervention design: competition, social comparison, and cooperation","volume":"25","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Informatics Journal"},{"issue":"12","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1109\/34.895976","article-title":"Automatic analysis of facial expressions: the state of the art","volume":"22","year":"2000","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-5073(83)90145-9","article-title":"Organizational determinants of job stress","volume":"32","year":"1983","journal-title":"Organizational Behaviour and Human Performance"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02506982","article-title":"Empowerment theory, research, and application","volume":"23","year":"1995","journal-title":"American Journal of Community Psychology"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1177\/1470593104044089","article-title":"Beyond visual metaphor: a new typology of visual rhetoric in advertising","volume":"4","year":"2004","journal-title":"Marketing Theory"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref121","volume-title":"Affective Computing","year":"2000"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-012-0304-9","article-title":"Behavioral therapy for chronic migraine","volume":"17","year":"2013","journal-title":"Current Pain and Headache Reports"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref123","first-page":"1219","article-title":"A short measure of perceived empathy","volume":"79","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychological Reports"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.88.5.879","article-title":"Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies","volume":"88","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.2753\/MIS0742-1222250405","article-title":"Evaluating anthropomorphic product recommendation agents: a social relationship perspective to designing information systems","volume":"25","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Management Information Systems"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref126","volume-title":"Glued to Games: How Video Games Draw Us in and Hold Us Spellbound","year":"2011"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref127","article-title":"SimCoach: an intelligent virtual human system for providing healthcare information and support","year":"2010"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref128","first-page":"503","article-title":"An intelligent virtual human system for providing healthcare information and support","volume":"163","year":"2011","journal-title":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref129","unstructured":"Robertson, R. (2008), \u201cUsing information to promote healthy behaviours, King's fund\u201d, available at: https:\/\/www.kingsfund.org.uk\/sites\/files\/kf\/field\/field_document\/information-promote-healthy-behaviours-kicking-bad-habits-supporting-paper-ruth-robertson.pdf (accessed 5 July 2019)."},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.1996.tb02672.x","article-title":"An analysis of the concept of empowerment","volume":"23","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Nursing"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1080\/02699939408408938","article-title":"Coherence between expressive and experimental systems in emotion","volume":"8","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cognition and Emotion"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.43.3.450","article-title":"Control and information in the intrapersonal sphere: an extension of cognitive evaluation theory","volume":"43","year":"1982","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.55.1.68","article-title":"Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being","volume":"55","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1007\/s11031-006-9051-8","article-title":"The motivational pull of video games: a self-determination theory approach","volume":"30","year":"2006","journal-title":"Motivation and Emotion"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s10902-006-9023-4","article-title":"Living well: a self-determination theory perspective on eudaimonia","volume":"9","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Happiness Studies"},{"issue":"7","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1162\/089892901753165854","article-title":"Structural encoding of human and schematic faces: holistic and part-based processes","volume":"13","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.12.033","article-title":"How gamification motivates: an experimental study of the effects of specific game design elements on psychological need satisfaction","volume":"69","year":"2017","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2017.05.011","article-title":"A systematic review of gamification in e-Health","volume":"71","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Informatics"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref139","first-page":"447","article-title":"Obesity and body image disturbance","volume-title":"Handbook of Obesity Treatment","year":"2002"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1145\/3051473.3051479","article-title":"Examining the impact and detection of the \u201curban legend\u201d of common method bias","volume":"48","year":"2017","journal-title":"The DATA BASE for Advances in Information Systems"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3316\/QRJ0802091","article-title":"Enhancing validity of a qualitative dissertation research study by using NVivo","volume":"8","year":"2008","journal-title":"Qualitative Research Journal"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref142","volume-title":"Self-congruity: Toward a Theory of Personality and Cybernetics","year":"1986"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2958.2002.tb00813.x","article-title":"The persuasive effects of metaphor: a meta\u2010analysis","volume":"28","year":"2002","journal-title":"Human Communication Research"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref144","volume-title":"Online E-Therapy Tool","author":"SPRAX","year":"2009"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.2307\/256865","article-title":"Psychological empowerment in the workplace: dimensions, measurement, and validation","volume":"38","year":"1995","journal-title":"Academy of Management Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.54.5.768","article-title":"Inhibiting and facilitating conditions of the human smile: a nonobtrusive test of the facial feedback hypothesis","volume":"54","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.14329\/apjis.2018.28.2.114","article-title":"Sustaining the use of quantified-self technology: a theoretical extension and empirical test","volume":"28","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian Pacific Journal of Information Systems"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.2307\/23042805","article-title":"What if your avatar looks like you? Dual-congruity perspectives for avatar use","volume":"35","year":"2011","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.2017.1297642","article-title":"Gamification in the workplace: the central role of the aesthetic experience","volume":"34","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Management Information Systems"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1086\/522322","article-title":"Of chameleons and consumption: the impact of mimicry on choice and preferences","volume":"34","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Consumer Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-9-22","article-title":"Motivation, self-determination, and long-term weight control","volume":"9","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2018.08.007","article-title":"Look to the future: enhancing online gamer loyalty from the perspective of the theory of consumption values","volume":"114","year":"2018","journal-title":"Decision Support Systems"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1108\/INTR-05-2018-0222","article-title":"How avatars create identification and loyalty among online gamers: contextualization of self-affirmation theory","volume":"29","year":"2019","journal-title":"Internet Research"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref154","unstructured":"Terrill, B. (2008), \u201cBret on social games: my coverage of lobby of the social gaming summit\u201d, available at: www.bretterrill.com\/2008\/06\/my-coverage-of-lobby-of-social-gaming.html (accessed 8 June 2018)."},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2012.03.003","article-title":"The effect of emotional feedback on behavioral intention to use computer based assessment","volume":"59","year":"2012","journal-title":"Computers and Education"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref156","unstructured":"The United States Department of Health and Human Services (2009), \u201cSubstance abuse and mental health services administration, considerations for the provision of e-therapy\u201d, available at: https:\/\/secure.addictioncounselorce.com\/articles\/101853\/Considerations%20for%20the%20Provision%20of%20E-Therapy.pdf (accessed 10 September 2019)."},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref157","unstructured":"The United States Department of Health and Human Services (2011), \u201cSubstance abuse and mental health services administration, leading change: a plan for SAMHSA's roles and actions 2011-2014\u201d, available at: https:\/\/www.dshs.wa.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/BHSIA\/dbh\/documents\/SAMHSA_Leading_Change_01-FullDocument.pdf (accessed 2 August 2019)."},{"issue":"5","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1089\/g4h.2014.0114","article-title":"The use of videogames, gamification, and virtual environments in the self-management of diabetes: a systematic review of evidence","volume":"4","year":"2015","journal-title":"Games for Health Journal"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-017-1926-z","article-title":"The earth is our home: systemic metaphors to redefine our relationship with nature","volume":"142","year":"2017","journal-title":"Climatic Change"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref160","first-page":"666","article-title":"Cognitive elements of empowerment: an \u201cinterpretive\u201d model of intrinsic task motivation","volume":"15","year":"1990","journal-title":"Academy of Management Review"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref161","unstructured":"TimesHigherEducation (2020), \u201cHalf of UK academics 'suffer stress-linked mental health problems\u201d, available at: https:\/\/www.timeshighereducation.com\/news\/half-uk-academics-suffer-stress-linked-mental-health-problems (accessed 5 May 2020)."},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref162","first-page":"522","article-title":"Affect, imagery, consciousness","volume-title":"The Positive Affects","year":"1962"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref163","unstructured":"UK National Health Service, U. (2013), \u201cE-mental health: what's all the fuss about?\u201d, available at: https:\/\/www.nhsconfed.org\/resources\/2013\/01\/e-mental-health-whats-all-the-fuss-about (accessed 08 October 2019)."},{"issue":"4","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2575.2009.00328.x","article-title":"Putting the \u2018theory\u2019 back into grounded theory: guidelines for grounded theory studies in information systems","volume":"20","year":"2010","journal-title":"Information Systems Journal"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref165","volume-title":"Mimicry: A Social Perspective","year":"2003"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1031(03)00014-3","article-title":"Mimicry for money: behavioral consequences of imitation","volume":"39","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.11.4.342.11872","article-title":"Determinants of perceived ease of use: integrating control, intrinsic motivation, and emotion into the technology acceptance model","volume":"11","year":"2000","journal-title":"Information Systems Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref168","first-page":"54","article-title":"Combining software games with education: evaluation of its educational effectiveness","volume":"8","year":"2005","journal-title":"Educational Technology and Society"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref169","first-page":"7","article-title":"Effects of facial similarity on user responses to embodied agents","volume":"17","year":"2010","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref170","volume-title":"For the Win: How Game Thinking Can Revolutionize Your Business","year":"2012"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref171","first-page":"325","article-title":"Systems under indirect observation using PLS","volume-title":"A Second Generation of Multivariate Analysis Methods","year":"1982"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2017.03.066","article-title":"Examining the impact of gamification on intention of engagement and brand attitude in the marketing context","volume":"73","year":"2017","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.08.162","article-title":"Mirror therapy improves hand function in subacute stroke: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"89","year":"2008","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1966.18.3.747","article-title":"Some are laughing; some are not: why?","volume":"18","year":"1966","journal-title":"Psychological Reports"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref175","first-page":"106","article-title":"The impact of social media celebrities' posts and contextual interactions on impulse buying in social commerce","year":"2019","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"14","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref176","first-page":"1253","article-title":"Web sites that satisfy users: an empirical investigation of Web site interface features","volume":"51","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref177","volume-title":"Gamification by Design: Implementing Game Mechanics in Web and Mobile Apps","year":"2011"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2021020414414604900_ref178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02506983","article-title":"Psychological empowerment: issues and illustrations","volume":"23","year":"1995","journal-title":"American Journal of Community Psychology"},{"key":"key2021020414414604900_ref179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-4193-6_2","article-title":"Empowerment theory: psychological, organizational, and community levels of analysis","volume-title":"Handbook of Community Psychology","year":"2000"}],"container-title":["Internet Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/INTR-02-2020-0094\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/INTR-02-2020-0094\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T21:35:21Z","timestamp":1753392921000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/intr\/article\/31\/1\/11-58\/445636"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]]},"references-count":179,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/INTR-02-2020-0094"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/intr-02-2020-0094","relation":{},"ISSN":["1066-2243"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1066-2243","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]]}}}