{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T04:48:46Z","timestamp":1775710126370,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":178,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,2]],"date-time":"2021-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609545600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["INTR"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Social distancing is an important strategy to control the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, so it is imperative to understand the behavioral impact of social distancing on individuals. This research studied social distancing from a cognitive appraisal of voluntary social distancing compliance (CAVSD) point of view and a non-medical perspective, specifically the psychological impact (PI) of social distancing on the usage intensity of social networking sites (SNS) during the COVID-19 outbreak in India.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study was conducted on 477 SNS users as a full sample and groups based on age, sex and work status. The model was empirically investigated using structural equation modeling.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>CAVSD was negatively associated with PI although it was not a significant predictor, while CAVSD and PI were significant predictors of SNS usage intensity; moreover, SNS usage intensity differed between groups of people.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings are significant for organizations, corporations and educational institutions in both the public and private sectors. There is a need to identify subsections of individuals in need of social support and relief from isolation and loneliness. Individuals are relying on social media to handle social distancing and the pandemic, and this shows up in an increase in social networking activity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study contributes to the existing literature by positing social networking as a basic virtual need for socialization, and social media platform assists in that. Cognitive appraisal is an important determinant of individual response.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/intr-05-2020-0281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,2]],"date-time":"2021-01-02T02:18:00Z","timestamp":1609553880000},"page":"419-456","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Link between social distancing, cognitive dissonance, and social networking site usage intensity: a country-level study during the COVID-19 outbreak"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Tanusree","family":"Chakraborty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anup","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Parijat","family":"Upadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yogesh K.","family":"Dwivedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.3610","article-title":"Pandemic politics: timing state-level social distancing responses to COVID-19","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-9962.193654","article-title":"Social distancing attitudes toward the mentally ill and victims of sexual violence among college students in Southwest Nigeria","volume":"32","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref003","volume-title":"Covid-19: Practice Information Hygiene to Deal with Misinformation","year":"2020"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2017.01.002","article-title":"Factors influencing adoption of mobile banking by Jordanian bank customers: extending UTAUT2 with trust","volume":"37","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Information Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2018.03.008","article-title":"Stress, cognitive appraisal, coping, and event free survival in patients with heart failure","volume":"47","year":"2018","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andersen, M. (2020), \u201cEarly evidence on social distancing in response to COVID-19 in the United States\u201d, available at: https:\/\/Papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/Papers.cfm?abstract_id=3569368 (accessed 2 May 2020).","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3569368"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref007","unstructured":"Aravind, I. (2020), \u201cCovid-19: why social distancing is a big worry for senior citizens\u201d, available at: https:\/\/economictimes.indiatimes.com\/news\/politics-and-nation\/covid-19-why-social-distancing-is-a-big-worry-for-senior-citizens\/articleshow\/74866566.cms (accessed 10 April 2020)."},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2019.03.012","article-title":"Measuring social media influencer index-insights from Facebook, Twitter and Instagram","volume":"49","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leaqua.2007.07.009","article-title":"Leader\u2013member exchange, feelings of energy, and involvement in creative work","volume":"20","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Leadership Quarterly"},{"issue":"12","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.61872\/sdj-2019-12-589","article-title":"Social distance towards halitosis sufferers","volume":"129","year":"2019","journal-title":"Swiss Dental Journal"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref011","unstructured":"Balram, S. (2020), \u201cCovid-19 Impact: social media activity in the country grew 50X in early March, says Nielsen\u201d, available at: https:\/\/economictimes.indiatimes.com\/tech\/internet\/covid-19-impact-social-media-activity-in-the-country-grew-50x-in-early-march-says-nielsen\/articleshow\/74833596.cms (accessed 11 April 2020)."},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref012","unstructured":"Banerjee, C. (2020), \u201cInterest booms in doomsday material - times of India\u201d, available at: https:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/india\/interest-booms-in-doomsday-material\/articleshow\/74819955.cms (accessed 12 April 2020)."},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102175","article-title":"Information management research and practice in the post-COVID-19 world","volume":"55","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Information Management"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2006.09.018","article-title":"Structural equation modelling: adjudging model fit","volume":"42","year":"2007","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref015","article-title":"A radical point of view on dissonance theory","volume-title":"Cognitive Dissonance: Progress on a Pivotal Theory in Social Psychology","year":"1999"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1080\/0144929X.2018.1539518","article-title":"How compulsive use of social media affects performance: insights from the UK by purpose of use","volume":"38","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behaviour and Information Technology"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2008.11.011","article-title":"Internet addiction: a descriptive clinical study focusing on comorbidities and dissociative symptoms","volume":"50","year":"2009","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2018.10.007","article-title":"Social media and innovation: a systematic literature review and future research directions","volume":"144","year":"2019","journal-title":"Technological Forecasting and Social Change"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref019","volume-title":"Exchange and Power in Social Life","year":"1964"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref020","first-page":"183","article-title":"Sex and social participation","volume":"37","year":"1972","journal-title":"American Sociological Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.x","article-title":"Social network sites: definition, history, and scholarship","volume":"13","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.26.2.136","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the relationship between risk perception and health behavior: the example of vaccination","volume":"26","year":"2007","journal-title":"Health Psychology"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref022","unstructured":"Brody, L.R. and Hall, J.A. (2008), \u201cGender and emotion in context\u201d, in Handbook of Emotions, Vol. 3, pp. 395-408."},{"issue":"10227","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30460-8","article-title":"The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence","volume":"395","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2011.06028.x","article-title":"Social isolation","volume":"1231","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2006.9.69","article-title":"Internet use by the socially fearful: addiction or therapy?","volume":"9","year":"2006","journal-title":"CyberPsychology and Behavior"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112934","article-title":"The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China","volume":"287","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1108\/INTR-08-2019-0347","article-title":"Exploring the mechanism of social media addiction: an empirical study from WeChat users","volume":"30","year":"2020","journal-title":"Internet Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/23808985.2018.1564881","article-title":"Cognitive dissonance, ego-involvement, and motivated reasoning","volume":"43","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annals of the International Communication Association"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref029","unstructured":"Chakraborty, T. (2020) ,\u201cNothing to condemn, control and criticize: the bright side of work from home during COVID-19 pandemic\u201d, available at: https:\/\/www.rsb.edu.in\/blog\/nothing-to-condemn-control-and-criticize-the-bright-side-of-work-from-home-during-covid-19-pandemic\/ (accessed 12 May, 2020)."},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2008.11.005","article-title":"Modeling the effect of information quality on risk behavior change and the transmission of infectious diseases","volume":"217","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mathematical Biosciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2016.11.009","article-title":"Understanding trust influencing factors in social media communication: a qualitative study","volume":"37","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Information Management"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1080\/0144929X.2018.1546903","article-title":"The roles of media capabilities of smartphone-based SNS in developing social capital","volume":"38","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behaviour and Information Technology"},{"issue":"9","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2016.0151","article-title":"The benefits of social technology use among older adults are mediated by reduced loneliness","volume":"19","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cyber Psychology, Behavior and Social Networking"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2015.04.053","article-title":"A nudge in a healthy direction. The effect of nutrition labels on food purchasing behaviors in university dining facilities","volume":"92","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1108\/IntR-04-2018-0174","article-title":"Adoption and non-adoption motivational risk beliefs in the use of mobile services for health promotion","volume":"29","year":"2019","journal-title":"Internet Research"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.98.2.310","article-title":"Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis","volume":"98","year":"1985","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cooper, J. (2012), \u201cCognitive dissonance theory\u201d, in Lange, P.A.M., Kruglanski, A.W. and Higgins, E.T. (Eds), Handbook of Theories of Social Psychology, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA, pp. 377-397.","DOI":"10.4135\/9781446249215.n19"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref038","first-page":"3267","volume-title":"Systems","year":"2013"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102171","article-title":"Impact of digital surge during covid-19 pandemic: a viewpoint on research and practice","volume":"55","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Information Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1302.060303","article-title":"Avian influenza risk perception, Europe and Asia","volume":"13","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1177\/1948550612469233","article-title":"Does posting Facebook status updates increase or decrease loneliness? An online social networking experiment","volume":"4","year":"2013","journal-title":"Social Psychological and Personality Science"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.91.1.1","article-title":"Alone but feeling no pain: effects of social exclusion on physical pain tolerance and pain threshold, affective forecasting, and interpersonal empathy","volume":"91","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref043","unstructured":"Dolgin, R. and Fazel, F. (2020), \u201cHow to survive social distancing\u201d, available at: https:\/\/www.psycom.net\/coronavirus-social-distancing-mental-health\/ (accessed 11 April 2020)."},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2020.102620","article-title":"Social awareness of crisis events: a new perspective from social-physical network","volume":"99","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cities"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s10796-018-9848-5","article-title":"Social Media: the good, the bad, and the ugly","volume":"20","year":"2018","journal-title":"Information Systems Frontiers"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102211","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on information management research and practice: transforming education, work and life","volume":"55","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Information Management"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2016.04.007","article-title":"Social networking, knowledge sharing, and student learning: the case of university students","volume":"99","year":"2016","journal-title":"Computers and Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1083-6101.2007.00367.x","article-title":"The benefits of Facebook \u201cfriends:\u201d Social capital and college students' use of online social network sites","volume":"12","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s11573-019-00952-3","article-title":"A first fit index on estimation accuracy in structural equation models","volume":"90","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Business Economics"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref050","first-page":"1","volume-title":"How Women and Men Use the Internet","year":"2005"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref051","volume-title":"Coronavirus' Looming Psychological Crisis","year":"2020"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref052","volume-title":"A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance","year":"1957"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2605.190995","article-title":"Nonpharmaceutical measures for pandemic influenza in nonhealthcare settings-social distancing measures","volume":"26","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref054","unstructured":"Fritscher, L. (2020), \u201cHow to know if you have cabin fever or fear of isolation\u201d, available at: https:\/\/www.verywellmind.com\/cabin-fever-fear-of-isolation-2671734 (accessed 8 April 2020)."},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref055","first-page":"36","article-title":"Using \u2018nudges\u2019 to encourage student engagement: an exploratory study from the UK and New Zealand","volume":"15","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Management in Education"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref056","unstructured":"Gurnani, S. (2020), \u201cSocial distance, physical distance and imposed quarantine\u201d, available at: https:\/\/iibp.org.in\/social-distance-physical-distance-and-imposed-quarantine\/ (accessed 10 April 2020)."},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref057","unstructured":"Guynn, J. (2020), \u201cFacebook and COVID19: they deleted the app, said goodbye to friends\u201d, Then came coronavirus, available at: https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/tech\/2020\/04\/03\/coronavirus-facebook-COVID19-social-distancing-connection\/5117765002\/ (accessed 11 April 2020)."},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref058","unstructured":"Hamman, R.B. (1999), \u201cComputer networks linking network communities: effects of AOL use upon pre-existing communities\u201d, available at: http:\/\/www.socio.demon.co.uk\/cybersociety\/ (accessed 10 April 2020)."},{"issue":"4","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2015.04.004","article-title":"Antecedents of social presence and gratification of social connection needs in SNS: a study of Twitter users and their mobile and non-mobile usage","volume":"35","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Information Management"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref060","first-page":"276","article-title":"Whose space? Differences among users and non-users of social network sites","volume":"13","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2018.12.004","article-title":"How motivational feedback increases user's benefits and continued use: a study on gamification, quantified-self and social networking","volume":"46","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Information Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1080\/0144929X.2018.1515984","article-title":"Identifying commonalities and differences in personality characteristics of Internet and social media addiction profiles: traits, self-esteem, and self-construal","volume":"38","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behaviour and Information Technology"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2017.03.007","article-title":"Don't believe strangers: online consumer reviews and the role of social psychological distance","volume":"55","year":"2018","journal-title":"Information and Management"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herring, S.C. (1993), \u201cGender and democracy in computer-mediated communication\u201d, Electronic Journal of Communication, Vol. 3 No. 2, available at: https:\/\/ella.sice.indiana.edu\/\u223cherring\/ejc.txthttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/b978-0-12-415040-9.50121-4 (accessed 13 April 2020).","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-415040-9.50121-4"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1037\/ocp0000064","article-title":"Bullying at work: cognitive appraisal of negative acts, coping, wellbeing, and performance","volume":"23","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Occupational Health Psychology"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref066","volume-title":"UK Families Meet up before Expected Lockdown for Over-70s","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref067","first-page":"170","article-title":"A review of cognitive dissonance theory in management research","volume":"43","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref068","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mental health strategies to combat the psychological impact of COVID-19 beyond paranoia and panic","volume":"49","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annals Academy of Medicine Singapore"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1080\/03601270903058507","article-title":"Internet use and social networking among middle aged and older adults","volume":"36","year":"2010","journal-title":"Educational Gerontology"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001191","article-title":"First case of 2019 novel coronavirus in the United States","volume":"382","year":"2020","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref071","unstructured":"Hoof, E.V. (2020), \u201cLockdown is the world's biggest psychological experiment - and we will pay the price\u201d, available at: https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/agenda\/2020\/04\/this-is-the-psychological-side-of-the-covid-19-pandemic-that-were-ignoring\/ (accessed 13 April 13 2020)."},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref072","article-title":"Mental health survey of 230 medical staff in a tertiary infectious disease hospital for COVID-19","volume":"38","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zhonghualao dong wei sheng zhi ye bingzazhi= Zhonghualaodongweishengzhiyebingzazhi= Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1177\/0164027504268574","article-title":"A short scale for measuring loneliness in large surveys: results from two population-based studies","volume":"26","year":"2004","journal-title":"Research on Aging"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2019.02.021","article-title":"Feeling displeasure from online social media postings: a study using cognitive dissonance theory","volume":"97","year":"2019","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/pops.12478","article-title":"How social media facilitates political protest: information, motivation, and social networks","volume":"39","year":"2018","journal-title":"Political Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.econlet.2013.03.019","article-title":"Nudging hotel guests to reduce food waste as a win\u2013win environmental measure","volume":"119","year":"2013","journal-title":"Economics Letters"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.03.017","article-title":"The effect of social networks and norms on the inter-regional migration intentions of knowledge-workers: the case of Saxony, Germany","volume":"55","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cities"},{"issue":"12","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1145\/265563.265575","article-title":"A nation of strangers?","volume":"40","year":"1997","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2018.02.003","article-title":"Emergency information diffusion on online social media during storm Cindy in US","volume":"40","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Information Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2012.12.005","article-title":"Gender differences in mediated communication: women connect more than do men","volume":"29","year":"2013","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref081","article-title":"Interventions to mitigate early spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Singapore: a modelling study","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"9","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.53.9.1017","article-title":"Internet paradox: a social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being?","volume":"53","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"issue":"11","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2016.04.120","article-title":"The generation of virtual needs: recipes for satisfaction in social media networking","volume":"69","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1080\/0144929X.2018.1543452","article-title":"Understanding adolescent students' use of Facebook and their subjective wellbeing: a gender-based comparison","volume":"38","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behaviour and Information Technology"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref085","first-page":"1092","article-title":"Reformulating the Internet paradox: social cognitive explanations of Internet use and depression","volume":"1","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Online Behavior"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2009.0382","article-title":"Use of social-networking sites and subjective well-being: a study in South Korea","volume":"14","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cyber Psychology, Behavior and Social Networking"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1108\/INTR-06-2019-0264","article-title":"Motivations of employees' communicative behaviors on social media","volume":"30","year":"2020","journal-title":"Internet Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1287\/orsc.2017.1200","article-title":"Social media and the development of shared cognition: the roles of network expansion, content integration, and triggered recalling","volume":"29","year":"2018","journal-title":"Organization Science"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref089","article-title":"Scientific and ethical basis for social-distancing interventions against COVID-19","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2019.06.010","article-title":"Multi-layer network community detection model based on attributes and social interaction intensity","volume":"77","year":"2019","journal-title":"Computers and Electrical Engineering"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref091","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114, 106565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106565","article-title":"Stress-buffering pattern of positive events on adolescents: an exploratory study based on social networks","year":"2020","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1080\/0144929X.2019.1589576","article-title":"Constructing a hybrid hierarchical value map to understand young people's perceptions of social networking sites","volume":"39","year":"2020","journal-title":"Behaviour and Information Technology"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref093","unstructured":"Lipsman, A. (2006), \u201cComScore press release\u201d, available at: https:\/\/www.comscore.com\/Insights\/Press-Releases (accessed 12 April 2020)."},{"issue":"8","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2018.05.006","article-title":"How to regulate individuals' privacy boundaries on social network sites: a cross-cultural comparison","volume":"55","year":"2018","journal-title":"Information and Management"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref095","unstructured":"Lockerd Maragakis, L. (2020), \u201cCoronavirus, social and physical distancing and self-quarantine\u201d, available at: https:\/\/www.hopkinsmedicine.org\/health\/conditions-and-diseases\/coronavirus\/coronavirus-social-distancing-and-self-quarantine (accessed 12 April 2020)."},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.24839\/2325-7342.JN24.3.159","article-title":"Social distancing individuals with depression: the impact of symptom severity","volume":"24","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretai.2012.08.001","article-title":"Common method bias in marketing: causes, mechanisms, and procedural remedies","volume":"88","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Retailing"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-679","article-title":"Controlling epidemic spread by social distancing: do it well or not at all","volume":"12","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2016.01.004","article-title":"Understanding the effects of a social media service failure apology: a comparative study of customers vs. potential customers","volume":"37","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Information Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leaqua.2015.02.004","article-title":"Breaking mental models as a form of creative destruction: the role of leader cognition in radical social innovations","volume":"26","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Leadership Quarterly"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2019.10.006","article-title":"Advancing social media derived information messaging and management: a multi-mode development perspective","volume":"51","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Information Management"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2006.9.275","article-title":"Searching for self and relationships online","volume":"9","year":"2006","journal-title":"CyberPsychology and Behavior"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2019.106217","article-title":"Too much to handle\u201d: impact of mobile social networking sites on information overload, depressive symptoms, and well-being","volume":"105","year":"2020","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370705200406","article-title":"Immediate and sustained psychological impact of an emerging infectious disease outbreak on health care workers","volume":"52","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2002.50259.x","article-title":"Cognitive impairment, depressive symptoms, and functional decline in older people","volume":"50","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1108\/10662241111139345","article-title":"Linking generativity and disruptive innovation to conceptualize ICTs","volume":"21","year":"2011","journal-title":"Internet Research"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2014.07.008","article-title":"From intention to action: can nudges help consumers to choose renewable energy?","volume":"74","year":"2014","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Montemurro, N. (2020), \u201cThe emotional impact of COVID-19: from medical staff to common people. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity\u201d, available at: https:\/\/www.unboundmedicine.com\/medline\/citation\/32240766\/The_emotional_impact_of_COVID-19:_from_medical_staff_to_common_people (accessed 28 April 2020).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.03.032"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1159\/000277001","article-title":"The relationship between excessive Internet use and depression: a questionnaire-based study of 1,319 young people and adults","volume":"43","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychopathology"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102188","article-title":"Inside out and outside in: how the COVID-19 pandemic affects self-disclosure on social media","volume":"55","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Information Management"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref111","unstructured":"Nielsen (2006), \u201cSocial networking sites grow 47 percent, year over year, reaching 45 percent of web users, according to Nielsen\/\/Net Ratings\u201d, available at: http:\/\/www.nielsen-netratings.com\/pr\/pr_060511.pdf (accessed 13 April 2020)."},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref112","unstructured":"Nielsen (2009), \u201cGlobal faces and networked places: a Nielsen report on social networking's new global footprint\u201d, available at: https:\/\/www.nielsen.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/04\/Global-Faces-and-Networked-Places-A-Nielsen-Report-on-Social-Networkings-New-Global-Footprint.pdf (accessed 2 April 2020)."},{"issue":"5","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2010.04.007","article-title":"The prospect of negotiating: stress, cognitive appraisal, and performance","volume":"46","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref114","first-page":"1","article-title":"lavaan. survey: an R package for complex survey analysis of structural equation models","volume":"57","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Software"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref115","unstructured":"O'Dair, B. and Fazel, F. (2020), \u201cCoronavirus worries keeping you up? Coronavirus anxiety-related insomnia?\u201d, available at: https:\/\/www.psycom.net\/coronavirus-insomnia (accessed 11 April 2020)."},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref116","first-page":"58","article-title":"The fear of COVID-19 and its role in preventive behaviors","volume":"2","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Concurrent Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref117","first-page":"90","article-title":"Association between online social networking and depression in high school students: behavioral physiology viewpoint","volume":"24","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychiatria Danubina"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref118","unstructured":"Parikh, S.P., Desai, M. and Parikh, R. (2020), \u201cCovid-19 in the times of Social media\u201d, available at: https:\/\/www.indiatoday.in\/mail-today\/story\/covid-19-in-the-times-of-social-media-1666109-2020-04-12 (accessed 13 April 2020)."},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref119","unstructured":"Pew Research. (2010), \u201cOlder adults and social media\u201d, available at: http:\/\/www.pewinternet.org\/\u223c\/media\/\/Files\/Reports\/2010\/PewInternet-OlderAdultsandSocialMedia.pdf (accessed 20 October 2010)."},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2018.11.020","article-title":"Facebook use and its association with subjective happiness and loneliness","volume":"92","year":"2019","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.88.5.879","article-title":"Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies","volume":"88","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Psychology"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106294","article-title":"Drivers and outcomes of Instagram addiction: psychological well-being as moderator","volume":"107","year":"2020","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1353\/jod.1995.0002","article-title":"Bowling alone: America's declining social capital","volume":"6","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Democracy"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2019.01.016","article-title":"How to facilitate knowledge diffusion in complex networks: the roles of network structure, knowledge role distribution and selection rule","volume":"47","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Information Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr6601a1","article-title":"Community mitigation guidelines to prevent pandemic influenza\u2014United States, 2017","volume":"66","year":"2017","journal-title":"MMWR Recommendations and Reports"},{"issue":"21","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref126","first-page":"1879","article-title":"Mainstream versus ethnic media: how they shape ethnic pride and self-esteem among ethnic minority audiences","volume":"11","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Communication"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2006.08.015","article-title":"Evolving public perceptions and stability in vaccine uptake","volume":"204","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mathematical Biosciences"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref128","article-title":"Game theory of social distancing in response to an epidemic","volume":"6","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Computational Biology"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref129","volume-title":"Generation M: Media in the Lives of 8\u201318 Year-Olds","year":"2005"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref130","unstructured":"Robinson, S. (2020), \u201cCoronavirus self-isolation: a psychologist explains how to avoid cabin fever\u201d, available at: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/coronavirus-self-isolation-a-psychologist-explains-how-to-avoid-cabin-fever-133317 (accessed 16 April 2020)."},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-005-4664-z","article-title":"Coping with prostate cancer: a meta-analytic review","volume":"28","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Medicine"},{"issue":"336","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1971.10482341","article-title":"An investigation of the restraints with respect to sample size commonly imposed on the use of the chi-square statistic","volume":"66","year":"1971","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref133","unstructured":"Rosseel, Y., Oberski, D., Byrnes, J., Vanbrabant, L., Savalei, V., Merkle, E. and Chow, M. (2017), \u201cPackage \u2018lavaan\u2019\u201d, available at: https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/lavaan\/lavaan.pdf (accessed 20 April 2020)."},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joep.2017.09.001","article-title":"Connecting alone: smartphone use, quality of social interactions and well-being","volume":"63","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa4203_11","article-title":"Developing a measure of loneliness","volume":"42","year":"1978","journal-title":"Journal of Personality Assessment"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.9740\/mhc.2017.09.181","article-title":"Student pharmacists' social distancing toward people with mental illness","volume":"7","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mental Health Clinician"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref137","unstructured":"Seitz, D. (2019), \u201cYes, cabin fever is real\u2014here's how to prevent it. Don't let winter isolation ruin your mood. Popular Science\u201d, available at: https:\/\/www.popsci.com\/prevent-cabin-fever\/ (accessed 16 April 2020)."},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2020.3019033","article-title":"Digital health innovation: exploring adoption of COVID-19 digital contact tracing apps","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.013","article-title":"Use of social network analysis in the development, dissemination, implementation, and sustainability of health behavior interventions for adults: a systematic review","volume":"220","year":"2019","journal-title":"Social Science and Medicine"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2019.01.012","article-title":"Loneliness and excessive smartphone use among Chinese college students: moderated mediation effect of perceived stressed and motivation","volume":"95","year":"2019","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rpto.2017.05.002","article-title":"The mediating and moderating role of burnout and emotional intelligence in the relationship between organizational justice and work misbehavior","volume":"33","year":"2017","journal-title":"Revista de Psicologia del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1108\/IntR-05-2017-0178","article-title":"E-governance in educational settings: Greek educational organizations leadership's perspectives towards social media usage for participatory decision-making","volume":"29","year":"2019","journal-title":"Internet Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-4560.1984.tb00190.x","article-title":"Encountering an alien culture","volume":"40","year":"1984","journal-title":"Journal of Social Issues"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref144","article-title":"Women outnumber men on social networking sites","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Wall Street Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/2329488419898799","article-title":"Helping others and feeling engaged in the context of workplace flexibility: the importance of communication control","volume":"57","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Business Communication"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref146","first-page":"88","article-title":"Frazzled by Facebook? An exploratory study of gender differences in social network communication among undergraduate men and women","volume":"46","year":"2012","journal-title":"College Student Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1177\/0265407514568749","article-title":"Interpersonal surveillance over social network sites: applying a theory of negative relational maintenance and the investment model","volume":"33","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Social and Personal Relationships"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref148","unstructured":"Tolette, A. (2020), \u201cHow coronavirus has shifted the way the world works\u201d, available at: https:\/\/www.synthesio.com\/blog\/how-coronavirus-has-shifted-the-way-the-world-works\/."},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref149","volume-title":"Causes of Delinquency","year":"1969"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref150","volume-title":"\u201cGroup and Individual Level Effects of Supporting Socio-Cognitive Conflict Awareness and its Resolution in Large SNS\u201d, Discussion Groups: A Social Network Analysis","year":"2017"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref151","volume-title":"Alone Together: Why We Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other","year":"2017"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102100","article-title":"The intermediating role of organizational culture and internal analytical knowledge between the capability of big data analytics and a firm's performance","volume":"52","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Information Management"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.01189","article-title":"Respectable challenges to respectable theory: cognitive dissonance theory requires conceptualization clarification and operational tools","volume":"10","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref154","article-title":"Intermittent social distancing strategy for epidemic control","volume":"85","year":"2012","journal-title":"Physical Review E"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.2.21565\/v1","article-title":"The utilization of social networking sites, their perceived benefits and their potential for improving the study habits of nursing students in five countries","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Nursing"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2011.10.013","article-title":"Nudge\u2014a new and better way to improve health?","volume":"104","year":"2012","journal-title":"Health Policy"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref157","volume-title":"Parenting the Millennium Generation: Guiding Our Children Born between 1982 and 2000","year":"2005"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref158","volume-title":"The Inner American: A Self-Portrait from 1957 to 1976","year":"1981"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1111\/jsbm.12067","article-title":"Antecedents of entrepreneurial intention among laid\u2010off individuals: a cognitive appraisal approach","volume":"53","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Small Business Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2010.11.001","article-title":"Is quarantine related to immediate negative psychological consequences during the 2009 H1N1 epidemic?","volume":"33","year":"2011","journal-title":"General Hospital Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17051729","article-title":"Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China","volume":"17","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref162","first-page":"63","article-title":"Reach out and touch some bodies: how telephone networks connect social networks","volume":"12","year":"1993","journal-title":"Progress in Communication Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elerap.2010.07.003","article-title":"Lower bounds on sample size in structural equation modeling","volume":"9","year":"2010","journal-title":"Electronic Commerce Research and Applications"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1108\/INTR-03-2019-0112","article-title":"Is boredom proneness related to social media overload and fatigue? A stress\u2013strain\u2013outcome approach","volume":"30","year":"2020","journal-title":"Internet Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taaa020","article-title":"Isolation, quarantine, social distancing and community containment: pivotal role for old-style public health measures in the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak","volume":"27","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Travel Medicine"},{"issue":"7","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1080\/13548506.2015.1028946","article-title":"Protection motivation theory and social distancing behavior in response to a simulated infectious disease epidemic","volume":"20","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychology Health and Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691612442904","article-title":"A review of Facebook research in the social sciences","volume":"7","year":"2012","journal-title":"Perspectives on Psychological Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref168","first-page":"33","article-title":"The communication of social support within an on-line community for older adults: a qualitative analysis of the Senior Net community","volume":"1","year":"2000","journal-title":"Qualitative Research Reports in Communication"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370905400504","article-title":"The psychological impact of the SARS epidemic on hospital employees in China: exposure, risk perception, and altruistic acceptance of risk","volume":"54","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035830","article-title":"The devil is in the details: abstract versus concrete construal of multiculturalism differentially impact intergroup relations","volume":"106","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jom.2016.05.007","article-title":"Evaluating information diffusion speed and its determinants in social media networks during humanitarian crises","volume":"45","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Operations Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1145\/1183456.1183461","article-title":"Trends, similarities and differences in the usage of teen and senior public online newsgroups","volume":"13","year":"2006","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Computer\u2013 Human Interaction (TOCHI)"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2019.03.004","article-title":"Bonding and dissonance: rethinking the interrelations among stakeholders in heritage tourism","volume":"74","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tourism Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021031007452180300_ref174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.2196\/mhealth.2827","article-title":"Usage of social media and smartphone application in assessment of physical and psychological well-being of individuals in times of a major air pollution crisis","volume":"2","year":"2014","journal-title":"JMIR mHealth and uHealth"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socnet.2020.04.004","article-title":"Universal evolution patterns of degree assortativity in social networks","volume":"63","year":"2020","journal-title":"Social Networks"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_ref176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zimbardo, P.G. (1999), \u201cDiscontinuity theory: cognitive and social searches for rationality and normality\u2014may lead to madness\u201d, in Zanna, M.P. (Ed.) Vol. 31, pp. 345-486, Academic Press, doi: 10.1016\/S0065-2601(08)60276-2.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2601(08)60276-2"},{"key":"key2021031007452180300_fur1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","volume-title":"Report 9: Impact of Non-pharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs) to Reduce COVID-19 Mortality and Healthcare Demand","year":"2020","DOI":"10.25561\/77482"}],"container-title":["Internet Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/INTR-05-2020-0281\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/INTR-05-2020-0281\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T21:35:58Z","timestamp":1753392958000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/intr\/article\/31\/2\/419-456\/514136"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,2]]},"references-count":178,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/INTR-05-2020-0281"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/intr-05-2020-0281","relation":{},"ISSN":["1066-2243"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1066-2243","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,2]]}}}