{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T17:22:40Z","timestamp":1754155360032,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,3]],"date-time":"2016-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475452800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["INTR"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The purpose of this paper is to assess whether the temporal evolution of the normalized web distance (<jats:italic>NWD<\/jats:italic>) between significant terms concerning, e.g., a case of online activism can be used as a meta-data technique to measure evolution over time of, e.g., progress or decline of social empowerment.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The <jats:italic>NWD<\/jats:italic> between two terms has been identified as a quantitative measure for semantic proximity, ascertaining a defining relation between them. A trend analysis is made by performing on the internet a time window restrained series measurement of <jats:italic>NWD<\/jats:italic> of all combinations of key-terms and classifier-terms. Case defining key-terms, positive and negative discourse polarizing classifier-terms, and neutral classifier-terms for negative control need to be determined by discourse analysis of information on a targeted case. An example of <jats:italic>NWD<\/jats:italic> evolution from 1994 until 2013 is presented to measure the empowerment effects of the Wirikuta online movement on the Huichol people in Mexico.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The application of the <jats:italic>NWD<\/jats:italic> temporal evolution method to the Wirikuta case shows a slight but significant semantic change of the key-terms with respect to some of the positive and negative classifier-terms. The neutral classifier correctly shows no significant distance variation, as required for valid application of the method. The method provides indications for a complex image of empowerment of the Huichol identity.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The accuracy of the method is limited due to short-term and between-user variability of the search tool\u2019s page counts. More reliable access to a web-index will be required for more accurate <jats:italic>NWD<\/jats:italic>-based trend analysis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The monitoring of temporal <jats:italic>NWD<\/jats:italic> evolution provides a potential tool for more comprehensive trend description compared to classical frequency based methods.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Trend analysis is key to internet research, to which the temporal <jats:italic>NWD<\/jats:italic> method provides an innovative contribution.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/intr-07-2014-0185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,16]],"date-time":"2016-09-16T06:47:28Z","timestamp":1474008448000},"page":"1269-1290","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The temporal evolution of the normalized web distance"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Lorena","family":"Perez-Garcia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"Jan Broekaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Note","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2020121123523633700_ref001","unstructured":"AJAGI-Jalisco Association in Support of Indigenous Groups (2011), \u201cFrente en Defensa de Wirikuta\u201d, available at: www.frenteendefensadewirikuta.org\/ (accessed July 1, 2014)."},{"key":"key2020121123523633700_ref002","unstructured":"Barnett, T.L. 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