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However, little is known about expectancy of a better future state of relations, i.e. expectancy of relational growth, and its impact on users' continued engagement in online communication. Our study extends relational cohesion theory to explain how expectancy of relational growth impacts online gamer loyalty.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>We test the framework using structural equation modeling to analyze a large sample of 1,429 responses from online gamers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>We find that expectancy of relational growth is positively related to norm compliance and relational cohesion, which are further related to network convergence and interdependence, fostering online gamer loyalty.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings contribute to relational cohesion theory by identifying novel sources of relational cohesion, i.e. expectancy of relational growth and norm compliance. Hence, game providers should create gamers' expectancy of growth in online relationships. Such expectancy could motivate continued gaming communication, even when gamers are not satisfied with the current state of online relationships. Moreover, we propose the new concept of expectancy of relational growth, which should have a strong impact on online communication in various areas.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/intr-08-2019-0342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]],"date-time":"2020-06-23T10:19:06Z","timestamp":1592907546000},"page":"1479-1501","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Why future friends matter: impact of expectancy of relational growth on online gamer loyalty"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6712-1400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gen-Yih","family":"Liao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tzu-Ling","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.C.E.","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3976-5399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ching-I","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2020082615381012300_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2018.12.008","article-title":"Why do people play location-based augmented reality games: a study on Pok\u00e9mon GO","volume":"93","year":"2019","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020082615381012300_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1108\/INTR-12-2017-0477","article-title":"Affective value of game items: a mood management and selective exposure approach","volume":"29","year":"2019","journal-title":"Internet Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020082615381012300_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.2307\/3250921","article-title":"Understanding information systems continuance: an expectation-confirmation model","volume":"25","year":"2001","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020082615381012300_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-9236(01)00111-7","article-title":"An empirical analysis of the antecedents of electronic commerce service continuance","volume":"32","year":"2001","journal-title":"Decision Support Systems"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020082615381012300_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1108\/IntR-02-2012-0025","article-title":"The effects of hedonic\/utilitarian expectations and social influence on continuance intention to play online games","volume":"24","year":"2014","journal-title":"Internet Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020082615381012300_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2012.12.003","article-title":"Living a private life in public social networks: an exploration of member self-disclosure","volume":"55","year":"2013","journal-title":"Decision Support Systems"},{"key":"key2020082615381012300_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2018.12.008","article-title":"Why do participants continue to contribute? 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