{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T07:49:40Z","timestamp":1777794580255,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696809600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["INTR"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the beliefs and attitudes toward the use of information and communication technology (ICT). The study examines the challenges of implementing ICT-based training and provides insights for promoting the acceptance of online training in volunteer sports communities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study uses an action design research methodology that combines the implementation of ICT-based training, interviews, and a survey of 523 participants to examine the influence of online training on beliefs and attitudes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study shows that before the COVID-19 pandemic, soccer referees had negative beliefs about the use of ICT for learning. However, the experience of being forced to use ICT for training during the pandemic led to a positive shift in their beliefs about ICT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study offers four lessons learned for promoting the use of ICT-based training in voluntary sports. Future research should investigate the influence of blended learning approaches on affective, cognitive, and skill-based learning outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study has practical implications for those responsible for implementing ICT-based training in voluntary sport. The findings suggest that design features such as usefulness, ease of use and enjoyment should be emphasized to increase the acceptance of online training.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study contributes to the literature by providing insights into the challenges of implementing ICT-based training in voluntary sport contexts. The findings suggest that the experience of being forced to use ICT can promote the acceptance of online training in volunteer sports communities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/intr-10-2021-0714","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T01:51:28Z","timestamp":1696557088000},"page":"586-609","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["ICT-based training and education in volunteer sports communities: an action design research project with soccer referees during the\u00a0COVID-19 pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9430-5774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sven","family":"Laumer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8328-2493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Maier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"key2024031721514114800_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2729.2012.00490.x","article-title":"Effects of traditional, blended and e-learning on students' achievement in higher education","volume":"29","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Assisted Learning"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2024031721514114800_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1108\/IJILT-07-2017-0061","article-title":"Collaborative learning methods and multimedia tools for the education and training of instructors","volume":"36","year":"2019","journal-title":"The International Journal of Information and Learning Technology"},{"key":"key2024031721514114800_ref003","first-page":"15","article-title":"The role of measurement in theory construction and hypothesis testing: toward a holistic model","volume":"8","year":"1979","journal-title":"Conceptual and Theoretical Developments in Marketing"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2024031721514114800_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02723327","article-title":"On the evaluation of structural equation models","volume":"16","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2024031721514114800_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.ejis.3000298","article-title":"Diversity in information systems action research methods","volume":"7","year":"1998","journal-title":"European Journal of Information Systems"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2024031721514114800_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.17705\/1jais.00391","article-title":"IT feature use over time and its impact on individual task performance","volume":"16","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of the Association for Information Systems"},{"key":"key2024031721514114800_ref007","article-title":"Website adoption by local sporting bodies in Australia and New Zealand","year":"2011"},{"key":"key2024031721514114800_ref008","volume-title":"The Handbook of Blended Learning: Global Perspectives, Local Designs","year":"2006","edition":"1st ed."},{"issue":"4","key":"key2024031721514114800_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.ejis.3000438","article-title":"Do I really have to? 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