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Explicit incivility was found to impede deliberative conversations, while implicit incivility tended to provoke more responses. Explicit uncivil expressions encouraged the propagation of incivility but reduced the likelihood of individual involvement. In contrast, implicit incivility had a stronger dampening effect on further uncivil comments and achieved greater thread popularity. The results showed strong associations between uncivil expressions and the contextual norms surrounding social movements.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>Theoretically, this research introduced a classification of incivility and underscored the importance of differentiating between implicit and explicit incivility by examining their effects on deliberation and engagement. Although previous studies have extensively covered explicit incivility, this study goes further by analyzing implicit incivility and comparing both forms of uncivil discourse in a less-studied context. Methodologically, the study developed a Cantonese dictionary to differentiate between two types of incivility, providing a practical reference for more nuanced analyses. By revealing how varying movement norms moderate the interplay between deliberative and uncivil expressions, the study drew attention to the highly situational nature of incivility.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/intr-12-2023-1169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,20]],"date-time":"2024-10-20T22:29:25Z","timestamp":1729463365000},"page":"1330-1352","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Unpacking the complexity of online incivility: an analysis of characteristics and impact of uncivil behavior during the Hong Kong protests"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0764-3159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baiqi","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5159-1689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunya","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1876-6237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongren","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3140-5169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsuan-Ting","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"key2025052606251701300_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1808","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2021.1889639","article-title":"Dog whistling far-right code words: the case of \u2018culture enricher\u2019 on the Swedish web","volume":"25","year":"2021","journal-title":"Information, Communication and Society"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2025052606251701300_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1111\/jcc4.12009","article-title":"The \u2018nasty effect:\u2019 online incivility and risk perceptions of emerging technologies","volume":"19","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2025052606251701300_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1177\/1532673X221109516","article-title":"Incivility in congressional tweets","volume":"50","year":"2022","journal-title":"American Politics Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2025052606251701300_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.51.6.1173","article-title":"The moderator\u2013mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations","volume":"51","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2025052606251701300_ref005","first-page":"22","article-title":"The rhetoric of civility: power, authenticity, and democracy","volume":"1","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Contemporary Rhetoric"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2025052606251701300_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1093\/ct\/qtab018","article-title":"Incivility as a violation of communication norms\u2014a typology based on normative expectations toward political communication","volume":"32","year":"2022","journal-title":"Communication Theory"},{"key":"key2025052606251701300_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burgoon, J.K. 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