{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T17:23:40Z","timestamp":1754155420235,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,14]],"date-time":"2013-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1381708800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n               <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p> \u2013 The presented work contributes to research in the field of advanced man-machine interaction and to research in the field of formalisation and verification of complex systems. This work was motivated by the need to provide a detailed and well understandable formal description of embedded brain reading (eBR). The paper aims to discuss these issues. <\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p> \u2013 The paper first introduces eBR and points out its main features. Next, a general model for eBR is developed to describe the overall architecture, integral parts and dependencies between those parts. The model is developed and presented in a formal structured form that allows for application of optimisation as well as verification techniques. <\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p> \u2013 The paper demonstrates using implementations that the application of the formal model allows to check for completeness and correctness to detect errors in implementation, which were invisible without formalising eBR. In summary, the presented work contributes a formal model for a complex system and shows that such a formal model can improve the overall system's functionality. <\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p> \u2013 For future work, the results support the application of formal modelling and verification techniques at the system level and the development of methods to prove for correctness and completeness of complex systems during their development. <\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p> \u2013 The paper describes for the first time eBR and presents a formal model for it. It illustrates how an error-prone approach like BR can be applied safely by embedding it into the control of a real system and by applying mechanisms that control for its correct function.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/ir-01-2013-318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,15]],"date-time":"2013-10-15T06:01:35Z","timestamp":1381816895000},"page":"530-540","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["A formal model for embedded brain reading"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Elsa","family":"Andrea Kirchner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rolf","family":"Drechsler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022031420453695600_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abrial, J.-R.\n               , \n                  Butler, M.J.\n               , \n                  Hallerstede, S.\n               , \n                  Hoang, T.S.\n               , \n                  Mehta, F.\n                and \n                  Voisin, L.\n                (2010), \u201cRodin: an open toolset for modelling and reasoning in Event-B\u201d, International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer (STTT) \u2013 Special Session on VSTTE, Vol. 12 No. 6, pp. 447-466.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10009-010-0145-y"},{"key":"key2022031420453695600_b2","unstructured":"Balconi, E.\n                (2009), \u201cThe multicomponential nature of movement-related cortical potentials: functional generators and psychological factors\u201d, Neurophysiological Trends, Vol. 5, pp. 59-84."},{"key":"key2022031420453695600_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coles, M.\n                (1989), \u201cModern mind-brain reading: psychophysiology, physiology, and cognition\u201d, Psychophysiology, Vol. 26 No. 3, pp. 251-269.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1989.tb01916.x"},{"key":"key2022031420453695600_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Drechsler, R.\n                and \n                  Gro\u00dfe, D.\n                (2005), \u201cSystem level validation using formal techniques\u201d, IEE Proceedings Computer & Digital Techniques, Special Issue on Embedded Microelectronic Systems: Status and Trends, Vol. 152 No. 3, pp. 393-406.","DOI":"10.1049\/ip-cdt:20045073"},{"key":"key2022031420453695600_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Drechsler, R.\n               , \n                  Diepenbeck, M.\n               , \n                  Gro\u00dfe, D.\n               , \n                  K\u00fchne, U.\n               , \n                  Le, H.M.\n               , \n                  Seiter, J.\n               , \n                  Soeken, M.\n                and \n                  Wille, R.\n                (2012), \u201cCompleteness-driven development\u201d, International Conference on Graph Transformation, LNCS, Vol. 7562, Springer, Berlin, pp. 38-50.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-33654-6_3"},{"key":"key2022031420453695600_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fazli, S.\n               , \n                  Popescu, F.\n               , \n                  Dan\u00f3czy, M.\n               , \n                  Blankertz, B.\n               , \n                  M\u00fcller, K.\n                and \n                  Grozea, C.\n                (2009), \u201cSubject-independent mental state classification in single trials\u201d, Neural Networks, Vol. 22 No. 9, pp. 1305-1312.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2009.06.003"},{"key":"key2022031420453695600_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferrez, P.W.\n                and \n                  del R. 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