{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T03:28:46Z","timestamp":1777519726106,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,19]],"date-time":"2015-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1445212800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n               <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p> \u2013 The purpose of this paper is to present a new method to establish a kinematic model for a continuum manipulator, whose end can be controlled to move in a three-dimensional workspace. A continuum manipulator has significant advantages over traditional, rigid manipulators in many applications because of its ability to conform to the environment. Moreover, because of its excellent flexibility, light weight, low energy consumption, low production cost, it has a number of potential applications in areas of earthquake relief, agricultural harvesting, medical facilities and space exploration. <\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p> \u2013 This paper uses basic theory of material mechanics to deduct motion equations of the manipulator. Unlike other published papers, the manipulator is not based on segments tactics, but regarded as an integrated flexible system, which simplifies its kinematics modelling and motion controlling. The workspace of the manipulator is analysed by theoretical deducing and simulation modelling. For verification of the presented theory, simulation based on ADAMS software was implemented, while a prototype of the manipulator was developed. Both the software simulation and prototype experiment show that the theoretical analysis in this paper is reasonable. The manipulator can move accurately along the desired trajectories. <\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p> \u2013 This paper developed a novel and fully continuous manipulator driven by steel wires. A kinematic model of the manipulator was established. The physical manipulator developed for verifying the kinematic model can effectively track the prescribed trajectory. The presented kinematic model agrees with not only the simulation but also with the experiment. <\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p> \u2013 The manipulator presented in this paper is constructed by steel wires. It possesses the advantages of structural continuity, high flexibility and low production cost. It can be extensively used in many fields, such as search and rescue robotic systems. The limitation of this research is that the dynamic model of the manipulator is not yet clear, which is one of the directions for future research. <\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p> \u2013 The manipulator breaks through the limitation of the joint-type or flexible-link-type manipulator, which can also be extensively used in many fields such as search and rescue robotic systems. <\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Social implications<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p> \u2013 The manipulator developed in this paper, currently, is a prototype under the project of \u201cAutomatic Picking Manipulator Research\u201d. It possesses a good market value. <\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p> \u2013 The value of this research is that the manipulator breaks through the limitation of the joint-type or flexible-link-type manipulator and establishes the kinematic model for a fully continuous manipulator by a simple strategy. This is the first study that uses such a strategy for establishing the motion equations of a monolithic continuum manipulator.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/ir-03-2015-0039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,7]],"date-time":"2015-10-07T07:37:54Z","timestamp":1444203474000},"page":"565-571","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Workspace calculating and kinematic modelling of a flexible continuum manipulator constructed by steel-wires"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"GuoHua","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"MingYang","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Han","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2020122004462860400_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bloss, R.\n                (2012), \u201cSnake-like robots \u2018reach\u2019 into many types of applications\u201d, \n                  Industrial Robot: An International Journal\n               , Vol. 39 No. 5, pp. 436-440.","DOI":"10.1108\/01439911211249724"},{"key":"key2020122004462860400_b2","unstructured":"Chirikjian, G.S.\n                (1992), \u201cTheory and applications of hyper-redundant robotic mechanisms\u201d, Phd thesis, Deptartment of Applied 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