{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T06:33:18Z","timestamp":1771914798467,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,17]],"date-time":"2015-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1439769600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n               <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p> \u2013 The purpose of this paper is to review the progress made in arc welding automation using trajectory planning, seam tracking and control methodologies. <\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p> \u2013 This paper discusses key issues in trajectory planning towards achieving full automation of arc welding robots. The identified issues in trajectory planning are real-time control, optimization methods, seam tracking and control methodologies. Recent research is considered and brief conclusions are drawn. <\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p> \u2013 The major difficulty towards realizing a fully intelligent robotic arc welding system remains an optimal blend and good understanding of trajectory planning, seam tracking and advanced control methodologies. An intelligent trajectory tracking ability is strongly required in robotic arc welding, due to the positional errors caused by several disturbances that prevent the development of quality welds. An exciting prospect will be the creation of an effective hybrid optimization technique which is expected to lead to new scientific knowledge by combining robotic systems with artificial intelligence. <\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p> \u2013 This paper illustrates the vital role played by optimization methods for trajectory design in arc robotic welding automation, especially the non-gradient approaches (those based on certain characteristics and behaviour of biological, molecular, swarm of insects and neurobiological systems). Effective trajectory planning techniques leading to real-time control and sensing systems leading to seam tracking have also been studied.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/ir-03-2015-0053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,5]],"date-time":"2015-08-05T08:52:33Z","timestamp":1438764753000},"page":"475-484","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Towards achieving a fully intelligent robotic arc welding: a review"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"John","family":"Ogbemhe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Khumbulani","family":"Mpofu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Dois, H.\n               , \n                  Jha, A.K.\n                and \n                  Mishra, R.B.\n                (2013), \u201cTask-based design optimization of serial robot manipulators\u201d, \n                  Engineering Optimization\n               , Vol. 45 No. 6, pp. 647-658.","DOI":"10.1080\/0305215X.2012.704027"},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ames, A.L.\n               , \n                  Hinman-Sweeney, E.M.\n                and \n                  Sizemore, J.M.\n                (2005), \u201cAutomated generation of weld path trajectories\u201d, The 6th IEEE International Symposium on Assembly and Task Planning (ISATP 2005) Assembly and Task Planning: From Nano to Macro Assembly and Manufacturing, Montreal, 19-21 July, pp. 182-187.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISATP.2005.1511470"},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Antonelli, G.\n               , \n                  Chiaverini, S.\n               , \n                  Paolo Gerio, G.\n               , \n                  Palladino, M.\n                and \n                  Renga, G.\n                (2007), \u201cSmartMove4: an industrial implementation of trajectory planning for robots\u201d, \n                  Industrial Robot: An International Journal\n               , Vol. 34 No. 3, pp. 217-224.","DOI":"10.1108\/01439910710738854"},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b4","unstructured":"Ata, A.A.\n                (2007), \u201cOptimal trajectory planning of manipulators: a review\u201d, \n                  Journal of Engineering Science and Technology\n               , Vol. 2 No. 1, pp. 32-54."},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ata, A.A.\n                (2010), \u201cInverse dynamic analysis and trajectory planning for flexible manipulator\u201d, \n                  Inverse Problems in Science and Engineering\n               , Vol. 18 No. 4, pp. 549-566.","DOI":"10.1080\/17415971003658023"},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Atyabi, A.\n                and \n                  Powers, D.M.\n                (2013), \u201cReview of classical and heuristic-based navigation and path planning approaches\u201d, \n                  International Journal of Advancements in Computing Technology\n               , Vol. 5 No. 14, available at: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1080\/02331930008844489 (accessed 3 August 2014).","DOI":"10.1080\/02331930008844489"},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Broquere, X.\n               , \n                  Sidobre, D.\n                and \n                  Herrera-Aguilar, I.\n                (2008), \u201cSoft motion trajectory planner for service manipulator robot\u201d, International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2008), Nice, 22-26 September.","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2008.4650608"},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bu, W.\n               , \n                  Liu, Z.\n                and \n                  Tan, J.\n                (2009), \u201cIndustrial robot layout based on operation sequence optimisation\u201d, \n                  International Journal of Production Research\n               , Vol. 47 No. 15, pp. 4125-4145.","DOI":"10.1080\/00207540802001525"},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cakir, M.\n               , \n                  Butun, E.\n                and \n                  Kayman, Y.\n                (2006), \u201cEffects of genetic algorithm parameters on trajectory planning for 6-DOF industrial robots\u201d, \n                  Industrial Robot: An International Journal\n               , Vol. 33 No. 3, pp. 205-215.","DOI":"10.1108\/01439910610659114"},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Capisani, L.M.\n               , \n                  Ferrara, A.\n                and \n                  Magnani, L.\n                (2009), \u201cDesign and experimental validation of a second-order sliding-mode motion controller for robot manipulators\u201d, \n                  International Journal of Control\n               , Vol. 82 No. 2, pp. 365-377.","DOI":"10.1080\/00207170802112591"},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b11","unstructured":"Chaudhary, H.\n                and \n                  Saha, S.K.\n                (2008), \n                  Dynamics and Balancing of Multibody Systems\n               , Springer Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg."},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, C.T.\n                and \n                  Liao, T.T.\n                (2008), \u201cOptimal path programming of the Stewart platform manipulator using the Boltzmann \u2013 Hamel \u2013 d\u2019Alembert dynamics formulation model\u201d, \n                  Advanced Robotics\n               , Vol. 22 Nos 6\/7, pp. 705-730.","DOI":"10.1163\/156855308X305281"},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, H.\n               , \n                  Li, J.\n               , \n                  Xing, G.\n               , \n                  Xing, J.\n                and \n                  Sun, H.\n                (2010), \u201cTrajectory tracking control of a macro-micro welding robot based on the vision navigation\u201d, International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetrics (ROBIO), Tianjin, 14-18 December, pp. 667-672.","DOI":"10.1109\/ROBIO.2010.5723406"},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, S.B.\n               , \n                  Qiu, T.\n               , \n                  Lin, T.\n               , \n                  Wu, L.\n               , \n                  Tian, J.S., Lv, W.X.\n                and \n                  Zhang, Y.\n                (2004), \u201cIntelligent technologies for robotic welding\u201d, in \n                  Thoma, M.\n                and \n                  Morari, M.\n                (Eds), \n                  Robotic Welding, Intelligence and Automation\n               , Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 123-143.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-44415-2_8"},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Y.\n               , \n                  Yan, L.\n               , \n                  Wei, H.\n                and \n                  Wang, T.\n                (2013), \u201cOptimal trajectory planning for industrial robots using harmony search algorithm\u201d, \n                  Industrial Robot: An International Journal\n               , Vol. 40 No. 5, pp. 502-512.","DOI":"10.1108\/IR-12-2012-444"},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng, C.\n                and \n                  Baoqiang, W.\n                (2012), \u201cA trajectory tracking method for welding manipulator based on fuzzy Gauss function neural network\u201d, \n                  Procedia Engineering\n               , Vol. 29, pp. 189-193.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2011.12.693"},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b17","unstructured":"Craig, J.J.\n                (2005), \n                  Introduction to Robotics: Mechanics and Control\n               , Pearson\/Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, Vol. 3."},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dean-Leon, E.\n               , \n                  Nair, S.\n                and \n                  Knoll, A.\n                (2012), \u201cUser friendly Matlab-toolbox for symbolic robot dynamic modelling used for control design\u201d, International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO 2012), Guangzhou, 11-14 December, pp. 2181-2188.","DOI":"10.1109\/ROBIO.2012.6491292"},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gasparetto, A.\n               , \n                  Boscariol, P.\n               , \n                  Lanzutti, A.\n                and \n                  Vidoni, R.\n                (2012), \u201cTrajectory planning in robotics\u201d, \n                  Mathematics in Computer Science\n               , Vol. 6 No. 3, pp. 269-279.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11786-012-0123-8"},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gautier, M.\n                and \n                  Briot, S.\n                (2013), \u201cDynamic parameter identification of a 6 DOF industrial robot using power model\u201d, International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA 2013), Karlsruhe, 6-10 May, pp. 2914-2920.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA.2013.6630981"},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gautier, M.\n               , \n                  Vandanjon, P.O.\n                and \n                  Janot, A.\n                (2011), \u201cDynamic identification of a 6 degree of freedom robot without joint position data\u201d, International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA 2011), Shanghai, 9-13 May, pp. 234-239.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA.2011.5980425"},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b22","unstructured":"Heim, A.\n                and \n                  Von Stryk, O.\n                (2007), \u201cTrajectory optimization of industrial robots with application to computer-aided robotics and robot controllers\u201d, \n                  Optimization: A Journal of Mathematical Programming and Operations Research Optimization\n               , Vol. 47 Nos 3\/4, pp. 407-420."},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b23","unstructured":"Herrera, I.\n                and \n                  Sidobre, D.\n                (2005), \u201cOn-line trajectory planning of robot manipulator\u2019s end effector in Cartesian space using quaternions\u201d, 15th International Symposium on Measurement and Control in Robotics, Brussels, 8-10 November, pp. 2808-2813."},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Homaei, H.\n                and \n                  Keshmiri, M.\n                (2009), \u201cOptimal trajectory planning for minimum vibration of flexible redundant cooperative manipulators\u201d, \n                  Advanced Robotics\n               , Vol. 23 Nos 12\/13, pp. 1799-1816.","DOI":"10.1163\/016918609X12496339852215"},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hsu, K.S.\n                (2005), \u201cStability and analysis of iterative learning system using frequency domain method\u201d, \n                  International Journal of Computer Mathematics\n               , Vol. 82 No. 11, pp. 1339-1353.","DOI":"10.1080\/00207160500113009"},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jing, F.\n               , \n                  Qi, Y.\n               , \n                  Qiang, Y.\n                and \n                  Yang, C.\n                (2010), \u201cAn on-line robot trajectory planning algorithm in joint space with continuous accelerations\u201d, International Conference on Advanced Technology of Design and Manufacture (ATDM 2010), Beijing, 23-25 November, pp. 372-377.","DOI":"10.1049\/cp.2010.1326"},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, J.\n               , \n                  Kim, S.R.\n               , \n                  Kim, S.J.\n                and \n                  Kim, D.H.\n                (2010), \u201cA practical approach for minimum-time trajectory planning for industrial robots\u201d, \n                  Industrial Robot: An International Journal\n               , Vol. 37 No. 1, pp. 51-61.","DOI":"10.1108\/01439911011009957"},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kong, M.X.\n               , \n                  Ji, C.\n               , \n                  Chen, Z.S.\n                and \n                  Li, R.F.\n                (2013), \u201cSmooth and near time-optimal trajectory planning of robotic manipulator with smooth constraint based on cubic B-spline\u201d, IEEE International Conference in Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO 2013), Shenzhen, 12-14 December, pp. 384-389.","DOI":"10.1109\/ROBIO.2013.6739817"},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b29","unstructured":"Kr\u00f6ger, T.\n                (2010), \u201cOn-line trajectory generation in robotic systems\u201d, \n                  Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics\n               , Vol. 58."},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b30","unstructured":"Lancaster, J.F.\n                (1986), \n                  The Physics of Welding, International Institute of Welding\n               , Pergamon, Oxford."},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lanzon, A.\n                and \n                  Richards, R.J.\n                (2010), \u201cCompliant motion control for non-redundant rigid robotic manipulators\u201d, \n                  International Journal of Control\n               , Vol. 73 No. 3, pp. 225-241, available at: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1080\/002071700219777 (accessed 4 August 2014).","DOI":"10.1080\/002071700219777"},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b32","unstructured":"Liao, X.\n               , \n                  Wang, W.\n               , \n                  Lin, Y.\n                and \n                  Gong, C.\n                (2010), \u201cTime-optimal trajectory planning for a 6R jointed welding robot using adaptive genetic algorithms\u201d, International Conference on Computer, Mechatronics, Control and Electronic Engineering (CMCE 2010), Chuangchun, 24-26 August, Vol. 2, pp. 600-603."},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, H.I.\n                and \n                  Liu, Y.C.\n                (2011), \u201cMinimum-jerk robot joint trajectory using particle swarm optimization\u201d, First International Conference on Robot, Vision and Signal Processing (RVSP2011), Kaohsiung, 21-23 November, pp. 118-121.","DOI":"10.1109\/RVSP.2011.70"},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lo Bianco, C.G.\n                and \n                  Piazzi, A.\n                (2010), \u201cMinimum-time trajectory planning of mechanical manipulators under dynamic constraints\u201d, \n                  International Journal of Control\n               , Vol. 75 No. 13, pp. 967-980, available at: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1080\/00207170210156161 (accessed 3 August 2014).","DOI":"10.1080\/00207170210156161"},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Macfarlane, S.\n                and \n                  Croft, E.A.\n                (2003), \u201cJerk-bounded manipulator trajectory planning: design for real-time applications\u201d, \n                  IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation\n               , Vol. 19 No. 1, pp. 42-52.","DOI":"10.1109\/TRA.2002.807548"},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b36","unstructured":"Mostafa, N.B.\n                and \n                  Khajavi, M.N.\n                (2006), \u201cOptimization of welding parameters for weld penetration in FCAW\u201d, \n                  Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering\n               , Vol. 16 Nos 1\/2, pp. 132-138."},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Munadi and Naniwa, T.\n                (2012), \u201cAn adaptive controller dominant-type hybrid adaptive and learning controller for trajectory tracking of robot manipulators\u201d, \n                  Advanced Robotics\n               , Vol. 26 Nos 1\/2, pp. 45-61.","DOI":"10.1163\/016918611X607365"},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b38","unstructured":"Munasinghe, S.R.\n               , \n                  Nakamura, M.\n               , \n                  Goto, S.\n                and \n                  Kyura, N.\n                (2003), \u201cTrajectory planning for industrial robot manipulators considering assigned velocity and allowance under joint acceleration limit\u201d, \n                  International Journal of Control, Automation and Systems\n               , Vol. 1 No. 1, pp. 68-75."},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nanayakkara, D.T.\n               , \n                  Watanabe, K.\n               , \n                  Kiguchi, K.\n                and \n                  Izumi, K.\n                (2012), \u201cFuzzy self-adaptive radial basis function neural network-based control of a seven-link redundant industrial manipulator\u201d, \n                  Advanced Robotics\n               , Vol. 15 No. 1, pp. 17-43, available at: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1163\/156855301750095569 (accessed 4 October 2014).","DOI":"10.1163\/156855301750095569"},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pashkevich, A.\n               , \n                  Kazheunikau, M.\n                and \n                  Ruano, A.E.\n                (2006), \u201cNeural network approach to collision free path-planning for robotic manipulators\u201d, \n                  International Journal of Systems Science\n               , Vol. 37 No. 8, pp. 555-564.","DOI":"10.1080\/00207720600783884"},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b41","unstructured":"Pires, J.N.\n               , \n                  Loureiro, A.\n                and \n                  B\u00f6lmsjo, G.\n                (2006), \n                  Welding Robots: Technology, System Issues and Application\n               , Springer-Verlag Limited, London."},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qiang, Y.\n               , \n                  Jing, F.\n               , \n                  Hou, Z.\n               , \n                  Yang, S.\n                and \n                  Liu, Y.\n                (2012), \u201cExperimental validation of a trajectory planning method with continuous acceleration implemented on a DSP-based motion controller\u201d, 10th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation (WCICA 2012), Beijing, 6-8 July, pp. 372-377.","DOI":"10.1109\/WCICA.2012.6358447"},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b43","unstructured":"Rao, S.S.\n                and \n                  Rao, S.S.\n                (2009), \n                  Engineering Optimization: Theory and Practice\n               , 4th ed., John Wiley \n\t\t\t\t\t&\n\t\t\t\t Sons, New York, NY."},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rout, B.K.\n                and \n                  Mittal, R.K.\n                (2009), \u201cOptimal manipulator parameter selection using evolutionary optimization technique\u201d, \n                  Inverse Problems in Science and Engineering\n               , Vol. 17 No. 7, pp. 915-935.","DOI":"10.1080\/17415970902916953"},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rubio, F.\n               , \n                  Valero, F.\n               , \n                  Sunyer, J.\n                and \n                  Cuadrado, J.\n                (2012), \u201cOptimal time trajectories for industrial robots with torque, power, jerk and energy consumed constraints\u201d, \n                  Industrial Robot: An International Journal\n               , Vol. 39 No. 1, pp. 92-100.","DOI":"10.1108\/01439911211192538"},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Siciliano, B.\n                and \n                  Khatib, O.\n                (2008), \n                  Handbook of Robotics\n               , Springer, New York, NY.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-30301-5"},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b47","unstructured":"Snyman, J.\n                (2005), \n                  Practical Mathematical Optimization: An Introduction to Basic Optimization Theory and Classical and New Gradient-Based Algorithms\n               , Springer Science \n\t\t\t\t\t&\n\t\t\t\t Business Media, Heidelberg, Vol. 97."},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b49","unstructured":"Tarn, T.J.\n               , \n                  Chen, S.B.\n                and \n                  Fang, G.\n                (2011), \n                  Robotic Welding, Intelligence and Automation\n               , Springer Science \n\t\t\t\t\t&\n\t\t\t\t Business Media, Vol. 88."},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b48","unstructured":"Tarn, T.J.\n               , \n                  Chen, S.B.\n                and \n                  Zhou, C.\n                (2007), \n                  Robotic Welding, Intelligence and Automation\n               , Springer, Heidelberg, Vol. 362."},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, H.\n                and \n                  Xie, Y.\n                (2009), \u201cAdaptive Jacobian force\/position tracking control of robotic manipulators in compliant contact with an uncertain surface\u201d, \n                  Advanced Robotics\n               , Vol. 23 Nos 1\/2, pp. 165-183.","DOI":"10.1163\/156855308X392726"},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, K.\n               , \n                  L\u00e9onard, F.\n                and \n                  Abba, G.\n                (2014), \u201cA novel approach for simplification of industrial robot dynamic model using interval method\u201d, International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM2014), Besan\u00e7on, 8-11 July, pp. 1697-1703.","DOI":"10.1109\/AIM.2014.6878328"},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, K.\n               , \n                  Zhang, J.\n               , \n                  Zhao, B.\n                and \n                  Tang, D.\n                (2010), \u201cResearch on control technology of trajectory tracking for robotic welding\u201d, International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Software Engineering (CISE 2010), Wuhan, 10-12 December, pp. 1-4.","DOI":"10.1109\/CISE.2010.5676764"},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiao, D.\n               , \n                  Ghosh, B.K.\n               , \n                  Ning, X.\n                and \n                  Tarn, T.J.\n                (2012), \u201cIntegration of real-time planning and control in an unstructured manufacturing work cell\u201d, \n                  Advanced Robotics\n               , Vol. 13 No. 4, pp. 473-492, available at: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1163\/156855399X00298 (accessed 4 August 2014).","DOI":"10.1163\/156855399X00298"},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, Y.\n               , \n                  Yu, H.\n               , \n                  Zhong, J.\n               , \n                  Lin, T.\n                and \n                  Chen, S.\n                (2012a), \u201cReal-time image capturing and processing of seam and pool during robotic welding process\u201d, \n                  Industrial Robot: An International Journal\n               , Vol. 39 No. 5, pp. 513-523.","DOI":"10.1108\/01439911211249805"},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, Y.\n               , \n                  Yu, H.\n               , \n                  Zhong, J.\n               , \n                  Lin, T.\n                and \n                  Chen, S.\n                (2012b), \u201cReal-time seam tracking control technology during welding robot GTAW process based on passive vision sensor\u201d, \n                  Journal of Materials Processing Technology\n               , Vol. 212 No. 8, pp. 1654-1662.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmatprotec.2012.03.007"},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, H.\n                and \n                  Lloyd, S.\n                (2010), \u201cCombined direct and indirect adaptive control of constrained robots\u201d, \n                  International Journal of Control\n               , Vol. 68 No. 5, pp. 955-970, available at: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1080\/002071797223154 (accessed 10 October 2014).","DOI":"10.1080\/002071797223154"},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, K.\n               , \n                  Wu, Y.X.\n               , \n                  L\u00fc, X.Q.\n                and \n                  Jin, X.\n                (2007), \u201cDynamic modelling and simulation for non-holonomic welding mobile robot\u201d, \n                  Journal of Central South University of Technology\n               , Vol. 14, pp. 679-684.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11771-007-0130-0"},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, L.\n                and \n                  Xie, Y.\n                (2009), \u201cDevelopment of automatic visual inspection sensor in robotic tailored blank welding\u201d, International Workshop on Intelligent Systems and Applications, ISA 2009, Wuhan, 23-24 May, pp. 1-4.","DOI":"10.1109\/IWISA.2009.5072831"},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, D.\n               , \n                  Li, S.\n                and \n                  Zhu, Q.\n                (2014), \u201cAdaptive synchronised tracking control for multiple robotic manipulators with uncertain kinematics and dynamics\u201d, \n                  International Journal of Systems Science\n               , pp. 1-14, available at: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1080\/00207721.2014.906681 (accessed 4 October 2014).","DOI":"10.1080\/00207721.2014.906681"},{"key":"key2020122202584718100_b59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, D.\n                and \n                  Zhu, Q.\n                (2014), \u201cPosition synchronised control of multiple robotic manipulators based on integral sliding mode\u201d, \n                  International Journal of Systems Science\n               , Vol. 45 No. 3, pp. 556-570.","DOI":"10.1080\/00207721.2012.724106"}],"container-title":["Industrial Robot: An International Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/IR-03-2015-0053","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/IR-03-2015-0053\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/IR-03-2015-0053\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T21:38:34Z","timestamp":1753393114000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/ir\/article\/42\/5\/475-484\/185034"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,17]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,17]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/IR-03-2015-0053"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/ir-03-2015-0053","relation":{},"ISSN":["0143-991X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0143-991X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,17]]}}}