{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T08:36:39Z","timestamp":1770971799104,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]],"date-time":"2022-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672358400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ITP"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The lockdown of schools to control the spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has adversely affected elementary and secondary school students in China. However, little evidence is available that documents their perceptions toward the use of e-learning under the pandemic context. This study aims to explore (1) the underlying determinants influencing the students' intentions to continue e-learning and (2) the role that the COVID-19 pandemic plays in this decision. This study extends the expectation\u2013confirmation model (ECM) through a mixed-methods study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study uses a mixed-methods approach. Phase 1 draws conclusions and extracts significant elements related to e-learning during the pandemic by analyzing students' user reviews from platforms. Based on the findings, the authors identify the relevant variables and develop an extended ECM by integrating attitudes and the perceived threat of COVID-19. In Phase 2, the research model is empirically validated using data collected from 36,920 elementary and secondary school students in China. This study uses a mixed-methods approach. Phase 1 draws conclusions and extracts significant elements related to e-learning during the pandemic by analyzing students' user reviews from platforms. Based on the findings, the authors identify the relevant variables and develop an extended ECM by integrating attitudes and the perceived threat of COVID-19. In Phase 2, the research model is empirically validated using data collected from 36,920 elementary and secondary school students in China.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>In Phase 1, the results reveal that students' most concern elements in the COVID-19 pandemic are user perceptions toward e-learning and threat perceptions of COVID-19. In Phase 2, the results reveal that perceived usefulness and attitude are the most significant factors in students' intention to continue. The perceived threat of COVID-19 indirectly influences their intention to continue.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study extends the ECM with a mixed-methods study to understand students' perceptions toward e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study can be helpful in related studies in the context of COVID-19-related diseases or other novel scenarios.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/itp-01-2021-0019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]],"date-time":"2022-12-29T06:55:40Z","timestamp":1672296940000},"page":"130-151","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Elementary and secondary school students' perceptions toward the\u00a0use of e-learning under the\u00a0COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed-methods study"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Kaifei","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6771-5076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"key2024010610163337900_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.05.014","article-title":"Investigating the influence of the most commonly used external variables of TAM on students' perceived ease of use (PEOU) and perceived usefulness (PU) of e-portfolios","volume":"63","year":"2016","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"key2024010610163337900_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2020.1830121","article-title":"Fear from COVID-19 and technology adoption: the impact of Google Meet during Coronavirus pandemic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Interactive Learning Environments"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2024010610163337900_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5261","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-020-10219-y","article-title":"Exploring the critical challenges and factors influencing the e-learning system usage during COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"25","year":"2020","journal-title":"Education and Information Technologies"},{"key":"key2024010610163337900_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2014.08.006","article-title":"Understanding the MOOCs continuance: the role of openness and reputation","volume":"80","year":"2015","journal-title":"Computers and Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2024010610163337900_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.2307\/3250921","article-title":"Understanding information systems continuance: an expectation-confirmation model","volume":"25","year":"2001","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2024010610163337900_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.25300\/MISQ\/2020\/14818","article-title":"The bright and dark sides of technostress: a\u00a0mixed-methods study involving healthcare IT","volume":"44","year":"2020","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2024010610163337900_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1002\/hfm.20548","article-title":"Predicting the intention to use a web-based learning system: perceived content quality, anxiety, perceived system quality, image, and the technology acceptance model","volume":"24","year":"2014","journal-title":"Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing and Service Industries"},{"key":"key2024010610163337900_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2018.11.005","article-title":"Using protection motivation theory to predict intention to adhere to official MMR vaccination recommendations in Switzerland","volume":"7","year":"2019","journal-title":"SSM-Population Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"key2024010610163337900_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1080\/0144929X.2021.1892191","article-title":"Examining continuance intention in business schools with digital classroom methods during COVID-19: a comparative study of India and Italy","volume":"41","year":"2022","journal-title":"Behaviour and Information Technology"},{"key":"key2024010610163337900_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2014.11.017","article-title":"Why do teachers continue to use teaching blogs? 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