{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T18:15:00Z","timestamp":1773857700153,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]],"date-time":"2021-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626739200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ITP"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The authors track the well-being of individuals across five European countries during the course of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and relate their well-being to working from home. The authors also consider the role of pandemic-policy stringency in affecting well-being in Europe.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>The authors have four waves of novel harmonised longitudinal data in France, Italy, Germany, Spain and Sweden, covering the period May\u2013November 2020. Well-being is measured in five dimensions: life satisfaction, a worthwhile life, loneliness, depression and anxiety. A retrospective diary indicates whether the individual was working in each month since February 2020 and if so whether at home or not at home. Policy stringency is matched in per country at the daily level. The authors consider both cross-section and panel regressions and the mediating and moderating effects of control variables, including household variables and income.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Well-being among workers is lower for those who work from home, and those who are not working have the lowest well-being of all. The panel results are more mitigated, with switching into working at home yielding a small drop in anxiety. The panel and cross-section difference could reflect adaptation or the selection of certain types of individuals into working at home. Policy stringency is always negatively correlated with well-being. The authors find no mediation effects. The well-being penalty from working at home is larger for the older, the better-educated, those with young children and those with more crowded housing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>The harmonised cross-country panel data on individuals' experiences during COVID-19 are novel. The authors relate working from home and policy stringency to multiple well-being measures. The authors emphasise the effect of working from home on not only the level of well-being but also its distribution.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/itp-01-2021-0033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]],"date-time":"2021-07-20T00:26:31Z","timestamp":1626740791000},"page":"1851-1869","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Well-being and working from home during COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8853-9067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonia","family":"Schifano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7004-7654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew E.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2900-3734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel","family":"Greiff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8086-0788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claus","family":"V\u00f6gele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8469-6126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Conchita","family":"D'Ambrosio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"key2023071810113640900_ref001","volume-title":"Germany's Capacities to Work from Home","year":"2020"},{"key":"key2023071810113640900_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpubeco.2021.104373","article-title":"My home is my castle -- the benefits of working from home during a pandemic crisis","volume":"196","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Public Economics"},{"issue":"10228","key":"key2023071810113640900_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30567-5","article-title":"How will country-based mitigation measures influence the course of the COVID-19 epidemic?","volume":"395","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key2023071810113640900_ref004","volume-title":"Remote Work and the Heterogeneous Impact of COVID-19 on Employment and Health","year":"2020"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2023071810113640900_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.51.6.1173","article-title":"The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations","volume":"51","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"key2023071810113640900_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barrero, J., Bloom, N. and Davis, S. 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