{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T17:07:16Z","timestamp":1783357636705,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The health and survival of massively multiplayer online games (MMOGs) are of paramount concern to stakeholders. It is essential to understand the usage behaviors of exploitative and exploratory strategies. By combining the typical user experience with psychological mechanisms in MMOGs, this study is devoted to clarifying how technology affordance and digital perfectionistic intention influence reinforcement and variety-seeking orientations of MMOGs use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study adopted a sequential triangulation mixed-methods design to explore how diverse usage behaviors of reinforced and varied use in MMOGs are formed. After proposing the theoretical framework from MMOGs affordance, perfectionistic intentions, and diverse use, empirical evidence was initially collected from representative samples through a survey. Qualitative interviews from players in MMOGs and game industry practitioners are conducted to confirm the results, supplement understanding, and gather insights from diverse backgrounds. The quantitative and qualitative inferences are discussed to validate the research focus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings from various perspectives suggest that perfectionistic intentions are critical antecedents of different usage behaviors influenced by affordances provided in MMOGs. Goal-driven affordance with reward and competition, interaction affordance, and identity affordance are key MMOGs affordances and could affect perfectionistic intentions differently. People with different perfectionistic intentions, which are the psychological outcome of MMOGs affordances, possess diverse usage behaviors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study is the first to consider diverse usage behaviors in virtual worlds such as MMOGs by combining lenses of perfectionistic intentions and technology affordance. Findings from mixed-methods analysis significantly enrich the research on online game usage behavior, offering valuable theoretical and practical implications for studying usage behaviors within the virtual world.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/itp-01-2023-0019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]],"date-time":"2024-06-07T01:36:21Z","timestamp":1717724181000},"page":"2187-2219","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Diverse usage behaviors in massively multiplayer online games: a mixed-methods investigation"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8714-3252","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yijing","family":"Xun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China , ,","place":["Hefei, China"]},{"name":"City University of Hong Kong Department of Information Systems, , ,","place":["Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7623-5920","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiabing","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Affairs, University of Science and Technology of China , ,","place":["Hefei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew K.O.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"City University of Hong Kong Department of Information Systems, , ,","place":["Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0364-5480","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Feng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China , ,","place":["Hefei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025103008413212200_ref001","volume-title":"Fundamentals of Game Design","author":"Adams","year":"2014","edition":"3rd ed."},{"issue":"1","key":"2025103008413212200_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1177\/009207038801600107","article-title":"On the evaluation of structural equation models","volume":"16","author":"Bagozzi","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025103008413212200_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1177\/1555412015592473","article-title":"Virtual warfare: cyberbullying and cyber-victimization in MMOG play","volume":"12","author":"Ballard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Games and Culture"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025103008413212200_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.8.2019.02","article-title":"Problematic video game use as an emotional coping strategy: evidence from a sample of MMORPG gamers","volume":"8","author":"Blasi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025103008413212200_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","article-title":"Using thematic analysis in psychology","volume":"3","author":"Braun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Qualitative Research in Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025103008413212200_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.2017.0702","article-title":"How can we develop contextualized theories of effective use? 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