{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T23:36:52Z","timestamp":1775000212691,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":168,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,6]],"date-time":"2017-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488758400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ITP"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Information technology has been recognized as one of the keys to improved productivity in organizations. Yet, existing research has not paid sufficient attention to how information systems (ISs) influence the creative performance of individual users. The paper aims to discuss this issue.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study draws on the theories of flow and cognitive load to establish a model of the predicted influences. The authors hypothesize that the information technology supports creativity by engaging individuals in a creative process and by lowering their cognitive load related to the process. To test these hypotheses, the authors employ a meta-analytical structural equation modeling approach using 24 previous studies on creativity and ISs use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results suggest that factors that help the user to maintain an interest in the performed task, immerse the user in a state of flow, and lower a person\u2019s cognitive load during IS use can affect the user\u2019s creative performance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings imply that a combination of the theories of flow and cognitive load complements the understanding of how ISs influence creativity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper proposes an explanation on why ISs affect creativity, which can be used by scholars to position further research, and by practitioners to implement creativity support systems.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/itp-04-2015-0090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,10]],"date-time":"2017-05-10T03:58:18Z","timestamp":1494388698000},"page":"81-116","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Information system users\u2019 creativity"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Darius","family":"Pacauskas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Risto","family":"Rajala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1108\/09593840310478694","article-title":"Dangers inherent in the use of techniques: identifying framing influences","volume":"16","year":"2003","journal-title":"Information Technology & People"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.2307\/3250951","article-title":"Time flies when you\u2019re having fun: cognitive absorption and beliefs about information technology usage","volume":"24","year":"2000","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1177\/1094428110375720","article-title":"Debunking Myths and Urban legends about meta-analysis","volume":"14","year":"2011","journal-title":"Organizational Research Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0953-5438(01)00048-0","article-title":"Perceived disorientation: an examination of a new measure to assess web design effectiveness","volume":"14","year":"2001","journal-title":"Interacting with Computers"},{"key":"key2020120901004322900_ref005","article-title":"Considering cognitive load theory within e-learning environments","year":"2011"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.45.2.357","article-title":"The social psychology of creativity: a componential conceptualization","volume":"45","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"key2020120901004322900_ref007","volume-title":"Creativity in Context","year":"1996"},{"key":"key2020120901004322900_ref008","article-title":"Creativity in the R&D Laboratory","year":"1987"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2575.2007.00291.x","article-title":"From generative fit to generative capacity: exploring an emerging dimension of information systems design and task performance","volume":"19","year":"2009","journal-title":"Information Systems Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2389.2012.00591.x","article-title":"Publication bias: a call for improved meta-analytic practice in the organizational sciences","volume":"20","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Selection and Assessment"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.51.6.1173","article-title":"The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations","volume":"51","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.accinf.2009.10.003","article-title":"Investigating the effects of computer mediated interruptions: an analysis of task characteristics and interruption frequency on financial performance","volume":"10","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Accounting Information Systems"},{"issue":"10","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref013","article-title":"Meta-analysis: neither quick nor easy","volume":"2","year":"2002","journal-title":"BMC Medical Research Methodology"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref014","first-page":"18","article-title":"Sharing stories \u2018in the wild\u2019: a mobile storytelling case study using storyKit","volume":"20","year":"2013","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3917\/sim.143.0009","article-title":"Characterizing the serious game and assessing learning goals","volume":"19","year":"2014","journal-title":"Syst\u00e8mes d\u2019Information et Management"},{"issue":"No. 4","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1509\/jmkg.75.4.53","article-title":"Facilitating and rewarding creativity during new product development","volume":"75","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing"},{"key":"key2020120901004322900_ref017","first-page":"242","article-title":"Creativity in knowledge work: a process model and requirements for support","year":"1995"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1207\/s1532690xci0804_2","article-title":"Cognitive load theory and the format of instruction","volume":"8","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cognition and Instruction"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/radm.12043","article-title":"Knowledge creation and new product performance: the role of creativity","volume":"44","year":"2014","journal-title":"R&D Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2161-0045.2003.tb00602.x","article-title":"Integrating perspectives in career development theory and practice","volume":"51","year":"2003","journal-title":"Career Development Quarterly"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2014.05.001","article-title":"How much has my co-worker contributed? The impact of anonymity and feedback on social loafing in asynchronous virtual collaboration","volume":"34","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Information Management"},{"key":"key2020120901004322900_ref022","volume-title":"Meta-analysis: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach","year":"2015"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016172","article-title":"Workplace safety: a meta-analysis of the roles of person and situation factors","volume":"94","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.2307\/3250938","article-title":"Information technology development creativity: a case study of attempted radical change","volume":"24","year":"2000","journal-title":"Management Information Systems Quarterly"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.2307\/249584","article-title":"(Un) structured creativity in information systems organizations","volume":"17","year":"1993","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"key":"key2020120901004322900_ref026","volume-title":"Beyond Boredom and Anxiety","year":"1975"},{"key":"key2020120901004322900_ref027","first-page":"325","volume-title":"Society, Culture, and Person: A Systems View of Creativity","year":"1988"},{"key":"key2020120901004322900_ref028","volume-title":"Flow: The Psychology of Optimal","year":"1990"},{"key":"key2020120901004322900_ref029","volume-title":"Optimal Experience: Psychological Studies of Flow in Consciousness","year":"1988"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.2753\/MIS0742-1222280405","article-title":"Theory-informed design and evaluation of an advanced search and knowledge mapping system in nanotechnology","volume":"28","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Management Information Systems"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2010.04.001","article-title":"Knowledge matters: restrictiveness and performance with decision support","volume":"49","year":"2010","journal-title":"Decision Support Systems"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.17705\/1jais.00290","article-title":"Cognition matters: enduring questions in cognitive IS research","volume":"13","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of the Association for Information Systems"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.2307\/249008","article-title":"Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology","volume":"13","year":"1989","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"issue":"10","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.17705\/1jais.00106","article-title":"Identifying quality, novel, and creative ideas: constructs and scales for idea evaluation","volume":"7","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of the Association for Information Systems"},{"issue":"No. 1099","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref034","first-page":"1","article-title":"What does germane load mean? An empirical contribution to the cognitive load theory","volume":"5","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.2753\/MIS0742-1222290407","article-title":"Sparking creativity: improving electronic brainstorming with individual cognitive priming","volume":"29","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Management Information Systems"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2005.07.003","article-title":"The medium matters: mining the long-promised merit of group interaction in creative idea generation tasks in a meta-analysis of the electronic group brainstorming literature","volume":"23","year":"2007","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.2307\/20721433","article-title":"What does the brain tell us about trust and distrust? Evidence from a functional neuroimaging study","volume":"34","year":"2010","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.4018\/joeuc.2011070102","article-title":"Antecedents of improvisation in IT-enabled engineering work","volume":"23","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Organizational and End User Computing"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8116(92)90002-3","article-title":"Advances in international marketing","volume":"9","year":"1992","journal-title":"International Journal of Research in Marketing"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-6570.2011.01230.x","article-title":"Mechanisms linking realistic job previews with turnover: a meta-analytic path analysis","volume":"64","year":"2011","journal-title":"Personnel Psychology"},{"issue":"4-5","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2005.04.012","article-title":"The studio as laboratory: combining creative practice and digital technology research","volume":"63","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal of Human-Computer Studies"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.1.1.1","article-title":"Can software influence creativity?","volume":"1","year":"1990","journal-title":"Information Systems Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1111\/caim.12066","article-title":"Beyond the generation of ideas: virtual idea campaigns to spur creativity and innovation","volume":"23","year":"2014","journal-title":"Creativity and Innovation Management"},{"key":"key2020120901004322900_ref044","article-title":"Understanding collaborative systems adoptive and post-adoptive outcomes: a longitudinal study","year":"2012"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref045","first-page":"1363","article-title":"Information systems user competency: a conceptual foundation","volume":"34","year":"2014","journal-title":"Communications of the Association for Information Systems"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1207\/S1532785XMEP0203_2","article-title":"Examining information processing on the world wide web using think aloud protocols","volume":"2","year":"2000","journal-title":"Media Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1080\/10400419.2013.843341","article-title":"Fostering creativity through educational video game development projects: a study of contextual and task characteristics","volume":"25","year":"2013","journal-title":"Creativity Research Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref048","first-page":"82","article-title":"Flow in computer-mediated environments: promises and challenges","volume":"15","year":"2005","journal-title":"Communications of the Association for Information Systems"},{"key":"key2020120901004322900_ref049","unstructured":"Ghani, J.A. (1995), \u201cFlow in human-computer interactions: test of a model\u201d, in Carey, J. (Ed.), Human Factors in Management Information Systems: An Organizational Perspective, Ablex Publishing Corp, Norwood, NJ, pp. 291-311."},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1080\/00223980.1994.9712742","article-title":"Task characteristics and the experience of optimal flow in human \u2013 computer interaction","volume":"128","year":"1994","journal-title":"The Journal of Psychology"},{"key":"key2020120901004322900_ref051","article-title":"The experience of flow in computer-mediated and in face-to-face groups","year":"1991"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.5465\/amj.2011.0177","article-title":"A multilevel model of team goal orientation, information exchange, and creativity","volume":"56","year":"2013","journal-title":"Academy of Management Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.5465\/amj.2011.59215085","article-title":"The necessity of others is the mother of invention: intrinsic and prosocial motivations, perspective taking, and creativity","volume":"54","year":"2011","journal-title":"Academy of Management Journal"},{"issue":"10","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1145\/570907.570941","article-title":"Characteristics of applications that support creativity","volume":"45","year":"2002","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.2307\/249487","article-title":"Explanations from intelligent systems: theoretical foundations and implications for practice","volume":"23","year":"1999","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref056","first-page":"837","article-title":"Beyond the test of the four channel model of flow in the context of online shopping","volume":"24","year":"2009","journal-title":"Communications of the Association for Information Systems"},{"key":"key2020120901004322900_ref057","article-title":"Why do people play games? A review of studies on adoption and use","year":"2015"},{"key":"key2020120901004322900_ref058","first-page":"3025","article-title":"Does gamification work? A literature review of empirical studies on gamification","year":"2014"},{"key":"key2020120901004322900_ref059","volume-title":"Statistical Methods for Meta \u2013 Analysis","year":"1985"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.2002.11045705","article-title":"An examination of the impact of stimuli type and GSS structure on creativity: brainstorming versus non-brainstorming techniques in a GSS environment","volume":"18","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Management of Information Systems"},{"issue":"4-5","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2005.04.004","article-title":"Informing the design of computer-based environments to support creativity","volume":"63","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal of Human-Computer Studies"},{"key":"key2020120901004322900_ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Higgins, J.P. and Green, S. (Eds) (2008), Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, Vol. 5, Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470712184"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.1120.0455","article-title":"When social media can be bad for you: community feedback stifles consumer creativity and reduces satisfaction with self-designed products","volume":"24","year":"2013","journal-title":"Information Systems Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1207\/s1532785xmep0104_1","article-title":"The cognitive and interpersonal costs of video","volume":"1","year":"1999","journal-title":"Media Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1177\/002224299606000304","article-title":"Marketing in hypermedia computer-mediated environments: conceptual foundations","volume":"60","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing"},{"issue":"7","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2003.08.014","article-title":"Why do people play on-line games? An extended TAM with social influences and flow experience","volume":"41","year":"2004","journal-title":"Information & Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref067","first-page":"58","article-title":"Impact of online instructional game features on college students\u2019 perceived motivational support and cognitive investment: a structural equation modeling study","volume":"17","year":"2013","journal-title":"Internet and Higher Education"},{"key":"key2020120901004322900_ref068","volume-title":"Meta-analysis: Cumulating Research Findings across Studies","year":"1982"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2011.10.006","article-title":"Computers in human behavior information technology use and creativity: findings from the children and technology project","volume":"28","year":"2012","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.35.3.285","article-title":"The effect of task demands and graphical format on information processing strategies","volume":"35","year":"1989","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1111\/deci.12042","article-title":"Individual exploration, sensemaking, and innovation: a design for the discovery of novel information","volume":"44","year":"2013","journal-title":"Decision Sciences"},{"key":"key2020120901004322900_ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/jpim.12193","article-title":"Forecasting the commercial attractiveness of user-generated designs using online data: an empirical study within the LEGO user community","volume":"31","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Product Innovation Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2333-8504.1967.tb00991.x","article-title":"A general approach to confirmatory maximum likelihood factor analysis","volume":"1967","year":"1967","journal-title":"ETS Research Bulletin Series"},{"key":"key2020120901004322900_ref074","article-title":"The effects of real-time individual performance feedback and goal setting on computer-mediated group idea generation","year":"2005"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-010-9150-7","article-title":"Cognitive load theory: how many types of load does it really need?","volume":"23","year":"2011","journal-title":"Educational Psychology Review"},{"key":"key2020120901004322900_ref076","unstructured":"Kalyuga, S. and Paas, F. (2005), \u201cCognitive measurement to design effective learning environments\u201d, paper presented at JURE Workshop, Nicosia."},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/25148832","article-title":"Using an attribute-based decision support system for user-customized products online: an experimental investigation","volume":"32","year":"2008","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"issue":"C","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref078","first-page":"176","article-title":"Collaborative digital environments to enhance the creativity of designers","volume":"42","year":"2015","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1108\/09593849610129086","article-title":"Global business and cross-cultural information systems","volume":"9","year":"1996","journal-title":"Information Technology & People"},{"issue":"8","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref080","first-page":"1","article-title":"Strategies for stimulating the motivation to learn","volume":"26","year":"1987","journal-title":"Performance+Instruction"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref081","first-page":"32","article-title":"Innovative work environments: the role of information technology and systems","volume":"61","year":"1996","journal-title":"SAM Advanced Management Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.11.3.284.12206","article-title":"How do we understand a system with (so) many diagrams? Cognitive integration processes in diagrammatic reasoning","volume":"11","year":"2000","journal-title":"Information Systems Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5885.2012.00992.x","article-title":"Impact of knowledge type and strategic orientation on new product creativity and advantage in high-technology firms","volume":"30","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Product Innovation Management"},{"issue":"October","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref084","first-page":"665","article-title":"Understanding the role and methods of meta-analysis in IS research","volume":"16","year":"2005","journal-title":"Communications of the Association for Information Systems"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref085","first-page":"1097","article-title":"Using cognitive mapping to represent and share users\u2019 interpretations of technology","volume":"34","year":"2014","journal-title":"Communications of the Association for Information Systems"},{"key":"key2020120901004322900_ref086","volume-title":"Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling","year":"2011","edition":"3rd ed."},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.13.2.205.83","article-title":"Applying the technology acceptance model and flow theory to online consumer behavior","volume":"13","year":"2002","journal-title":"Information Systems Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1080\/01490400490272675","article-title":"Predictors of behavioral loyalty among hikers along the Appalachian Trail","volume":"26","year":"2004","journal-title":"Leisure Sciences"},{"key":"key2020120901004322900_ref089","first-page":"275","article-title":"Impact of game-based learning upon flow experience and cognitive load","year":"2012"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s10869-013-9285-x","article-title":"Successfully combining meta-analysis and structural equation modeling: recommendations and strategies","volume":"28","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Business and Psychology"},{"key":"key2020120901004322900_ref091","volume-title":"Practical Meta-analysis","year":"2001"},{"issue":"11","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.17705\/1jais.00347","article-title":"Taking \u2018fun and games\u2019 seriously: proposing the hedonic-motivation system adoption model (HMSAM)","volume":"14","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of the Association for Information Systems"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.51.1.201","article-title":"Applications of structural equation modeling in psychological research","volume":"51","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annual Review of Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.1.2.130","article-title":"Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling","volume":"1","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychological Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1108\/14601060310456337","article-title":"Building organisational culture that stimulates creativity and innovation","volume":"6","year":"2003","journal-title":"European Journal of Innovation Management"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(98)00058-5","article-title":"Beyond the interface: ease of use and task\/technology fit","volume":"34","year":"1998","journal-title":"Information & Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1207\/S15326985EP3801_6","article-title":"Nine ways to reduce cognitive load in multimedia learning","volume":"38","year":"2003","journal-title":"Educational Psychologist"},{"issue":"January","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref098","first-page":"127","article-title":"Utilizing sensor data to model students\u2019 creativity in a digital environment","volume":"42","year":"2015","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"7","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref099","first-page":"175","article-title":"Creativity and information systems in a hypercompetitive environment: a literature review","volume":"32","year":"2013","journal-title":"Communications of the Association for Information Systems"},{"issue":"11","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.17705\/1jais.00280","article-title":"Leaving the beaten tracks in creative work \u2013 a design theory for systems that support convergent and divergent thinking","volume":"12","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of the Association for Information Systems"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1037\/a0028324","article-title":"The competition-performance relation: a meta-analytic review and test of the opposing processes model of competition and performance","volume":"138","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.2307\/23042806","article-title":"Enhancing brand equity through flow and telepresence: a comparison of 2D and 3D virtual worlds","volume":"35","year":"2011","journal-title":"MIs Quarterly"},{"issue":"C","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref103","first-page":"3","article-title":"A physiological study of relationship between designer\u2019s mental effort and mental stress during conceptual design","volume":"54","year":"2014","journal-title":"Computer-Aided Design"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1287\/mksc.19.1.22.15184","article-title":"Measuring the customer experience in online environments: a structural modeling approach","volume":"19","year":"2000","journal-title":"Marketing Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.2307\/256657","article-title":"Employee creativity: personal and contextual factors at work","volume":"39","year":"1996","journal-title":"Academy of Management Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref106","first-page":"139","article-title":"Distance matters","volume":"15","year":"2000","journal-title":"Human-Computer Interaction"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.12.2.121.9700","article-title":"Research commentary: desperately seeking the \u2018IT\u2019 in IT research \u2013 a call to theorizing the IT artifact","volume":"12","year":"2001","journal-title":"Information Systems Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.86.1.122","article-title":"Variability of worked examples and transfer of geometrical problem-solving skills: a cognitive-load approach","volume":"86","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Psychology"},{"issue":"1\/2","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1023\/B:TRUC.0000021806.17516.d0","article-title":"Cognitive load theory: instructional implications of the interaction between information structures and cognitive architecture","volume":"32","year":"2004","journal-title":"Instructional Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1207\/S15326985EP3801_8","article-title":"Cognitive load measurement as a means to advance cognitive load theory","volume":"38","year":"2003","journal-title":"Educational Psychologist"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1080\/10864415.2003.11044275","article-title":"Consumer acceptance of electronic commerce: integrating trust and risk with the technology acceptance model","volume":"7","year":"2003","journal-title":"International Journal of Electronic Commerce"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.92.2.382","article-title":"Contingent decision behavior","volume":"92","year":"1982","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(04)00036-6","article-title":"The ebb and flow of online learning","volume":"21","year":"2005","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1037\/h0049234","article-title":"Short-term retention of individual verbal items","volume":"58","year":"1959","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.90.1.175","article-title":"On the use of beta coefficients in meta-analysis","volume":"90","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Psychology"},{"issue":"September","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref116","first-page":"28","article-title":"Increasing the crowd\u2019s capacity to create: how alternative generation affects the diversity, relevance and effectiveness of generated ads","volume":"65","year":"2014","journal-title":"Decision Support Systems"},{"key":"key2020120901004322900_ref117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Riedl, R. and L\u00e9ger, P.M. (2016), \u201cIntroduction to NeuroIS\u201d, in Ren\u00e9 Riedl, P.-M.L. (Ed.), Fundamentals of NeuroIS, Springer, Berlin and Heidelberg, pp. 1-24.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-45091-8_1"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s12599-012-0207-7","article-title":"Technostress from a Neurobiological perspective","volume":"4","year":"2012","journal-title":"Business & Information Systems Engineering"},{"key":"key2020120901004322900_ref119","unstructured":"Roos, P.A. and Treiman, D.J. (1980), \u201cDOT scales for the 1970 census classification\u201d, in Miller, A.R., Treinman, D.J., Cain, P.S. and Roos, P.A. (Eds), Work, Jobs, and Occupations: A Critical Review of the Dictionary of Occupational Titles, National Academy Press, Washington, DC, pp. 336-389."},{"key":"key2020120901004322900_ref120","article-title":"The impact of the big five personality traits on the acceptance of social networking website","year":"2008"},{"key":"key2020120901004322900_ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.52.1.59","article-title":"Meta-analysis: recent developments in quantitative methods for literature reviews","volume":"52","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annual Review of Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1108\/09593840010359509","article-title":"Exploring the assumptions underlying information systems methodologies","volume":"13","year":"2000","journal-title":"Information Technology & People"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5915.1994.tb01840.x","article-title":"The effects of group attitudes toward alternative GDSS designs on the decision-making performance of computer-supported groups","volume":"25","year":"1994","journal-title":"Decision Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2011.11.011","article-title":"The influence of virtual presence: effects on experienced cognitive load and learning outcomes in educational computer games","volume":"28","year":"2012","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"key2020120901004322900_ref125","volume-title":"Values and Organizations: A Study of Fraternities and Sororities","year":"1965"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref126","first-page":"217","article-title":"The concept of creativity in the information systems discipline: past, present, and prospects","volume":"27","year":"2010","journal-title":"Communications of the Association for Information Systems"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2004.01.009","article-title":"Extrinsic versus intrinsic motivations for consumers to shop on-line","volume":"42","year":"2005","journal-title":"Information and Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.2307\/256689","article-title":"Effects of coaction, expected evaluation, and goal setting on creativity and productivity","volume":"38","year":"1995","journal-title":"Academy of Management Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1006\/obhd.2000.2918","article-title":"Effects of social-psychological factors on creative performance: the role of informational and controlling expected evaluation and modeling experience","volume":"84","year":"2001","journal-title":"Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.5465\/amj.2009.41330806","article-title":"Interactive effects of growth need strength, work context, and job complexity on self-reported creative performance","volume":"52","year":"2009","journal-title":"Academy of Management Journal"},{"issue":"4-5","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1177\/1046878114554176","article-title":"Measuring video game engagement through the cognitive and affective dimensions","volume":"45","year":"2014","journal-title":"Simulation & Gaming"},{"key":"key2020120901004322900_ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen, C.-Y. and Chu, H.-P. (2014), \u201cThe relations between interface design of digital game-based learning systems and flow experience and cognitive load of learners with different levels of prior knowledge\u201d, in Rau, P.L.P. (Ed.), Cross-Cultural Design, Vol. 8528, Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 574-584.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-07308-8_55"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1145\/344949.345077","article-title":"Creating creativity: user interfaces for supporting innovation","volume":"7","year":"2000","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1037\/h0024127","article-title":"Motivational and emotional controls of cognition","volume":"74","year":"1967","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.2307\/30036539","article-title":"The influence of query interface design on decision-making performance","volume":"27","year":"2003","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"key":"key2020120901004322900_ref135","article-title":"Designing persuasive systems for user engagement in collaborative interaction","year":"2014"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog1202_4","article-title":"Cognitive load during problem solving: effects on learning","volume":"12","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cognitive Science"},{"issue":"October","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref137","first-page":"204","article-title":"The impact of connecting with professional virtual forum, team member and external person on R&D employee creativity","volume":"39","year":"2014","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.2.2.87","article-title":"An experimental investigation of the impact of computer based decision aids on decision making strategies","volume":"2","year":"1991","journal-title":"Information Systems Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.10.4.356","article-title":"Evaluating the impact of DSS, cognitive effort, and incentives on strategy selection","volume":"10","year":"1999","journal-title":"Information Systems Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.2307\/25148660","article-title":"User acceptance of hedonic information systems","volume":"28","year":"2004","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/corg.12080","article-title":"How does family control influence firm strategy and performance? A meta-analysis of US publicly listed firms","volume":"23","year":"2015","journal-title":"Corporate Governance: An International Review"},{"issue":"August","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref142","first-page":"413","article-title":"Supporting co-creation with software, the idSpace platform","volume":"37","year":"2014","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.11.4.342.11872","article-title":"Determinants of perceived ease of use: integrating control, intrinsic motivation, and emotion into the technology acceptance model","volume":"11","year":"2000","journal-title":"Information Systems Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.2.1.63","article-title":"Cognitive fit: an empirical study of information acquisition","volume":"2","year":"1991","journal-title":"Information Systems Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-6570.1995.tb01784.x","article-title":"Theory testing: combining psychometric meta-analysis and structural equations modeling","volume":"48","year":"1995","journal-title":"Personnel Psychology"},{"key":"key2020120901004322900_ref146","first-page":"152","article-title":"Towards a unified design theory for creativity support systems","year":"2012"},{"key":"key2020120901004322900_ref147","first-page":"311","article-title":"An empirical study: develop and evaluation a mobile serious game on environmental education","year":"2014"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.2307\/20650293","article-title":"Interactive decision aids for consumer decision making in e-commerce: the influence of perceived strategy restrictiveness","volume":"33","year":"2009","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"issue":"11","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1080\/0144929X.2011.566940","article-title":"The contingent effect of personal IT innovativeness and IT self-efficacy on innovative use of complex IT","volume":"32","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behaviour & Information Technology"},{"key":"key2020120901004322900_ref150","first-page":"255","article-title":"Understanding the intrinsic motivations of user acceptance of hedonic information systems: towards a unified research model","volume":"30","year":"2012","journal-title":"Communications of the Association of Information Systems"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.2307\/25148744","article-title":"Enhancing the design of web navigation systems: the influence of user disorientation on engagement and performance","volume":"30","year":"2006","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1145\/264701.264706","article-title":"Audience engagement in multimedia presentations","volume":"28","year":"1997","journal-title":"Data Base for the Advances in Information Systems"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.2307\/249576","article-title":"Microcomputer playfulness: development of a measure with workplace implications","volume":"16","year":"1992","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2009.12.006","article-title":"An examination of two mental workload measurement approaches to understanding multimedia learning","volume":"26","year":"2010","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1162\/105474698565686","article-title":"Measuring presence in virtual environments: a presence questionnaire","volume":"7","year":"1998","journal-title":"Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments"},{"key":"key2020120901004322900_ref156","article-title":"Discrimination of structure and technology in a group support system: the role of process complexity","year":"1994"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.1993.3997517","article-title":"Toward a theory of organizational creativity","volume":"18","year":"1993","journal-title":"The Academy of Management Review"},{"issue":"January","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref158","first-page":"68","article-title":"The impact of absorptive capacity, exploration, and exploitation on individual creativity: moderating effect of subjective well-being","volume":"42","year":"2015","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.17705\/1jais.00325","article-title":"Effects of extrinsic and intrinsic motivators on using utilitarian, hedonic, and dual-purposed information systems: a meta-analysis","volume":"14","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of the Association for Information Systems"},{"key":"key2020120901004322900_ref160","article-title":"How intrinsic motivation facilitate employee creativity in work process","year":"2013"},{"key":"key2020120901004322900_ref161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, P., Li, N. and Sun, H. (2006), \u201cAffective quality and cognitive absorption: extending technology acceptance research\u201d, Proceedings of the 39th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS\u201906), IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, p. 207a.","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.2006.39"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.5465\/amj.2010.48037118","article-title":"Linking empowering leadership and employee creativity: the influence of psychological empowerment, intrinsic motivation, and creative process engagement","volume":"53","year":"2010","journal-title":"Academy of Management Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1086\/651257","article-title":"Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: myths and truths about mediation analysis","volume":"37","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Consumer Research"},{"key":"key2020120901004322900_ref164","article-title":"Investigating knowledge contribution from the online identity perspective","year":"2007"},{"issue":"December","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref165","first-page":"454","article-title":"Students\u2019 perceptions of creativity in learning information technology (IT) in project groups","volume":"41","year":"2014","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120901004322900_ref166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.2307\/3069410","article-title":"When job dissatisfaction leads to creativity: encouraging the expression of voice","volume":"44","year":"2001","journal-title":"Academy of Management Journal"}],"container-title":["Information Technology &amp; People"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/ITP-04-2015-0090\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/ITP-04-2015-0090\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T21:54:34Z","timestamp":1753394074000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/itp\/article\/30\/1\/81-116\/176780"}},"subtitle":["A meta-analysis of the link between IT use and creative performance"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,6]]},"references-count":168,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/ITP-04-2015-0090"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/itp-04-2015-0090","relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-3845"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-3845","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,6]]}}}