{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T06:06:13Z","timestamp":1760853973659,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,3]],"date-time":"2018-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522713600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ITP"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Even though network externality plays an important role in users\u2019 motivations to use services or products, the implications of this are not clear because previous studies did not distinguish between the number of peers and the number of total users. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that there is a difference between the two network externalities, i.e., the number of peers and the total number of users. To accomplish this, the perception of quality of life is considered to have an impact on the effects of the two different network externalities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were collected from a survey that covered 508 online game players in South Korea, and the two hypotheses of \u201cplayer experience of need satisfaction\u201d from self-determination theory as well as user gratification theory (UGT) were assessed using structural equation modeling.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results indicate that people consider the total number of users and the number of peers differently. In addition, the effects of the total number of users and the number of peers vary according to respondents\u2019 perceived life quality in four dimensions: loneliness, happiness, satisfaction with life (SWL), and escapism. In particular, people\u2019s offline tendencies are reflected online in terms of loneliness, whereas online life compensates for a lack of enjoyment offline.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>The authors verify that UGT can affect the network externality by considering perceived quality of life (loneliness, SWL, happiness, and escapism) as a moderating effect.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/itp-04-2017-0129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,13]],"date-time":"2018-02-13T19:17:09Z","timestamp":1518549429000},"page":"388-404","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Dividing network externality into the number of peers and users"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Hana","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Daeho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jun-Seok","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2010.12.013","article-title":"The concept of flow in collaborative game-based learning","volume":"27","year":"2011","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1093\/joclec\/nhr018","article-title":"Search engine competition with network externalities","volume":"8","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Competition Law and Economics"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02723327","article-title":"On the evaluation of structural equation models","volume":"16","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.09.027","article-title":"Playing for real: video games and stories for health-related behavior change","volume":"34","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1109\/MM.2003.1196112","article-title":"Web search for a planet: the Google cluster architecture","volume":"23","year":"2003","journal-title":"IEEE Micro"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref006","first-page":"181","article-title":"Uses and gratification motivation for using Facebook and the impact of Facebook usage on social capital and life satisfaction among Filipino users","volume":"9","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Software Engineering and Its Applications"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.2307\/3250936","article-title":"Justifying electronic banking network expansion using real options analysis","volume":"24","year":"2000","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.88.3.588","article-title":"Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures","volume":"88","year":"1980","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.1040.0014","article-title":"Economics of an information intermediary with aggregation benefits","volume":"15","year":"2004","journal-title":"Information Systems Research"},{"issue":"18","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2012.10.007","article-title":"Reprint of: the anatomy of a large-scale hypertextual web search engine","volume":"56","year":"2012","journal-title":"Computer Networks"},{"key":"key2020092918034101600_ref009","first-page":"136","article-title":"Alternative ways of assessing model fit","year":"1993","journal-title":"Sage Focus Editions"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.1120.1066","article-title":"Optimal pricing in networks with externalities","volume":"60","year":"2012","journal-title":"Operations Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tele.2012.10.006","article-title":"Examining users\u2019 intention to continue using social network games: a flow experience perspective","volume":"30","year":"2013","journal-title":"Telematics and Informatics"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2012.01.001","article-title":"The role of perceived social capital and flow experience in building users\u2019 continuance intention to social networking sites in China","volume":"28","year":"2012","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2010.10.023","article-title":"Tweet this: a uses and gratifications perspective on how active Twitter use gratifies a need to connect with others","volume":"27","year":"2011","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref014","first-page":"295","article-title":"The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling","volume":"295","year":"1998","journal-title":"Modern Methods for Business Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref092","first-page":"15","article-title":"Acceptance of technology with network externalities: an empirical study of internet instant messaging services","volume":"6","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Information Technology Theory and Application"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2013.01.007","article-title":"Exploring individuals\u2019 subjective well-being and loyalty towards social network sites from the perspective of network externalities: the Facebook case","volume":"33","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Information Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/1371216.1371223","article-title":"Toward an understanding of flow in video games","volume":"6","year":"2008","journal-title":"Computers in Entertainment"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref017","first-page":"1021","article-title":"Network externalities and universal service obligation in the internet","volume":"44","year":"2000","journal-title":"European Economic Review"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.56.5.815","article-title":"Optimal experience in work and leisure","volume":"56","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.2307\/249008","article-title":"Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology","volume":"13","year":"1989","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"issue":"14","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.1992.tb00945.x","article-title":"Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation to use computers in the workplace1","volume":"22","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Social Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-6566(85)90023-6","article-title":"The general causality orientations scale: self-determination in personality","volume":"19","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Personality"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327965PLI1104_01","article-title":"The \u2018what\u2019 and \u2018why\u2019 of goal pursuits: human needs and the self-determination of behavior","volume":"11","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychological Inquiry"},{"key":"key2020092918034101600_ref023","unstructured":"DFC Intelligence (2013), \u201cDFC Intelligence forecasts worldwide online game market to reach $79 billion by 2017\u201d, available at: www.prweb.com\/releases\/2013\/6\/prweb10796698.htm (accessed March 2, 2018)."},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref024","first-page":"502","article-title":"Why do we tag photographs on Facebook? Proposing a new gratifications scale","volume":"19","year":"2015","journal-title":"New Media & Society"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.ejis.3000726","article-title":"The role of perceived enjoyment and social norm in the adoption of technology with network externalities","volume":"17","year":"2008","journal-title":"European Journal of Information Systems"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa4901_13","article-title":"The satisfaction with life scale","volume":"49","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Personality Assessment"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1108\/APJML-07-2013-0086","article-title":"An empirical study on continuance intention of mobile social networking services: integrating the IS success model, network externalities and flow theory","volume":"26","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2009.02340.x","article-title":"Pathological video-game use among youth ages 8 to 18: a national study","volume":"20","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2012.07.004","article-title":"Connected scholars: examining the role of social media in research practices of faculty using the UTAUT model","volume":"28","year":"2012","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2007.01.001","article-title":"Determinants of adoption of mobile games under mobile broadband wireless access environment","volume":"44","year":"2007","journal-title":"Information & Management"},{"volume-title":"Multivariate Data Analysis","year":"2010","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref030"},{"key":"key2020092918034101600_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.11.045","article-title":"Why do players buy in-game content? An empirical study on concrete purchase motivations","volume":"68","year":"2017","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"key2020092918034101600_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2017.03.001","article-title":"Escaping through exergames: presence, enjoyment, and mood experience in predicting children\u2019s attitude toward exergames","volume":"72","year":"2017","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"7","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2003.08.014","article-title":"Why do people play on-line games? An extended TAM with social influences and flow experience","volume":"41","year":"2004","journal-title":"Information & Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2005.09.001","article-title":"Consumer behavior in online game communities: A motivational factor perspective","volume":"23","year":"2007","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1177\/0164027504268574","article-title":"A short scale for measuring loneliness in large surveys results from two population-based studies","volume":"26","year":"2004","journal-title":"Research on Aging"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.97.2.92","article-title":"Diffusion of behavior and equilibrium properties in network games","volume":"97","year":"2007","journal-title":"The American Economic Review"},{"issue":"8","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.2224\/sbp.2008.36.8.1053","article-title":"Personality and motivations for playing online games","volume":"36","year":"2008","journal-title":"Social Behavior and Personality: an International Journal"},{"key":"key2020092918034101600_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.04.002","article-title":"Reasons to believe: influence of credibility on motivations for using social networks","volume":"50","year":"2015","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"volume-title":"The Uses of Mass Communications: Current Perspectives on Gratifications Research","year":"1974","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref040"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref041","first-page":"424","article-title":"Network externalities, competition, and compatibility","volume":"75","year":"1985","journal-title":"The American Economic Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167207310026","article-title":"Flow and regulatory compatibility: an experimental approach to the flow model of intrinsic motivation","volume":"34","year":"2008","journal-title":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2010.0374","article-title":"The Facebook paths to happiness: effects of the number of Facebook friends and self-presentation on subjective well-being","volume":"14","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2008.0327","article-title":"Loneliness as the cause and the effect of problematic internet use: the relationship between internet use and psychological well-being","volume":"12","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology & Behavior"},{"issue":"9","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2014.0675","article-title":"Can coolness predict technology adoption? Effects of perceived coolness on user acceptance of smartphones with curved screens","volume":"18","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking"},{"first-page":"131","article-title":"Investigating the role of network externalities and perceived value in user loyalty toward a SNS site: integrating network externalities and VTSL model","year":"2013","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref046"},{"first-page":"1","article-title":"Internet uses and gratifications: understanding motivations for using the internet\u201d","year":"2000","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref047"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1080\/00218499.1999.12466601","article-title":"A multivariate analysis of web usage","volume":"39","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Advertising Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1287\/orsc.9.4.437","article-title":"Varieties of social influence: the role of utility and norms in the success of a new communication medium","volume":"9","year":"1998","journal-title":"Organization Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2011.10.002","article-title":"News sharing in social media: the effect of gratifications and prior experience","volume":"28","year":"2012","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.2753\/JEC1086-4415130103","article-title":"Elucidating individual intention to use interactive information technologies: the role of network externalities","volume":"13","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Electronic Commerce"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2010.12.009","article-title":"Why people use social networking sites: an empirical study integrating network externalities and motivation theory","volume":"27","year":"2011","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.17705\/1jais.00066","article-title":"Understanding individual adoption of instant messaging: an empirical investigation","volume":"6","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of the Association for Information Systems"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006824100041","article-title":"A measure of subjective happiness: preliminary reliability and construct validation","volume":"46","year":"1999","journal-title":"Social Indicators Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tele.2015.06.009","article-title":"Uses and gratifications of digital photo sharing on Facebook","volume":"33","year":"2016","journal-title":"Telematics and Informatics"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2012.12.002","article-title":"Purchasing behavior in social virtual worlds: an examination of Habbo hotel","volume":"33","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Information Management"},{"key":"key2020092918034101600_ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.02.072","article-title":"Towards a framework for online game adoption","volume":"60","year":"2016","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1287\/mksc.19.1.22.15184","article-title":"Measuring the customer experience in online environments: a structural modeling approach","volume":"19","year":"2000","journal-title":"Marketing Science"},{"key":"key2020092918034101600_ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.06.038","article-title":"Exploring the relationship between information satisfaction and flow in the context of consumers\u2019 online search","volume":"63","year":"2016","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref059","first-page":"66","article-title":"Creating, consuming, and connecting: examining the relationship between social media engagement and loneliness","volume":"4","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Journal of Social Media in Society"},{"key":"key2020092918034101600_ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.03.084","article-title":"Social media and loneliness: why an Instagram picture may be worth more than a thousand Twitter words","volume":"62","year":"2016","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019440","article-title":"A motivational model of video game engagement","volume":"14","year":"2010","journal-title":"Review of General Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1162\/154247603322493212","article-title":"Platform competition in two-sided markets","volume":"1","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of the European Economic Association"},{"key":"key2020092918034101600_ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2017.03.048","article-title":"The motivational pull of video game feedback, rules, and social interaction: another self-determination theory approach","volume":"73","year":"2017","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-004-4643-8","article-title":"A conceptual-referent theory of happiness: heterogeneity and its consequences","volume":"74","year":"2005","journal-title":"Social Indicators Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.55.1.68","article-title":"Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being","volume":"55","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1007\/s11031-006-9051-8","article-title":"The motivational pull of video games: a self-determination theory approach","volume":"30","year":"2006","journal-title":"Motivation and Emotion"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.296","article-title":"Network effects and competition: an empirical analysis of the home video game industry","volume":"24","year":"2003","journal-title":"Strategic Management Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1089\/109493102753770552","article-title":"In defense of the internet: the relationship between internet communication and depression, loneliness, self-esteem, and perceived social support","volume":"5","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology & Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2010.11.010","article-title":"Why do people play social network games?","volume":"27","year":"2011","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1086\/220534","article-title":"The sociology of sociability","volume":"55","year":"1949","journal-title":"American Journal of Sociology"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2012.07.012","article-title":"The effects of personality traits, self-esteem, loneliness, and narcissism on Facebook use among university students","volume":"28","year":"2012","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.4018\/jebr.2007100103","article-title":"How consumer perceptions of network size and social interactions influence the intention to adopt peer-to-peer technologies","volume":"3","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Journal of E-Business Research"},{"key":"key2020092918034101600_ref072","unstructured":"Statista (2017), \u201cGoogle\u2019s ad revenue from 2001 to 2016 (in billion US dollars)\u201d, available at: www.statista.com\/statistics\/266249\/advertising-revenue-of-google\/ (accessed June 4, 2017)."},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref074","first-page":"1","article-title":"Exploring the relationship between perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived enjoyment, attitude and subscribers\u2019 intention towards using 3G mobile services","volume":"22","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Information Technology Management"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1080\/08838151.2013.845827","article-title":"Uses and Grats 2.0: new gratifications for new media","volume":"57","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref076","first-page":"1","article-title":"Local network effects and complex network structure","volume":"7","year":"2007","journal-title":"The BE Journal of Theoretical Economics"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2011.03.002","article-title":"An assessment of the influence of perceived enjoyment and attitude on the intention to use technology among pre-service teachers: a structural equation modeling approach","volume":"57","year":"2011","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.2466\/02.09.18.PR0.113x32z3","article-title":"Mediating effect of Facebook\u00ae addiction on the relationship between subjective vitality and subjective happiness","volume":"113","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychological Reports"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1108\/IntR-04-2013-0082","article-title":"Why do people play mobile social games? An examination of network externalities and of uses and gratifications","volume":"24","year":"2014","journal-title":"Internet Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1080\/00207594.2012.658057","article-title":"Psychological needs, purpose in life, and problem video game playing among Chinese young adults","volume":"48","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychology"},{"issue":"7","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1108\/02635570510616120","article-title":"Towards understanding members\u2019 interactivity, trust, and flow in online travel community","volume":"105","year":"2005","journal-title":"Industrial Management & Data Systems"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1057\/ejis.2011.56","article-title":"Online game addiction among adolescents: motivation and prevention factors","volume":"21","year":"2012","journal-title":"European Journal of Information Systems"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2009.0105","article-title":"Predicting the determinants of users\u2019 intentions for using YouTube to share video: moderating gender effects","volume":"13","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2012.05.019","article-title":"Enhancing perceived interactivity through network externalities: an empirical study on micro-blogging service satisfaction and continuance intention","volume":"53","year":"2012","journal-title":"Decision Support Systems"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092918034101600_ref084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650211431579","article-title":"Not so imaginary interpersonal contact with public figures on social network sites: how affiliative tendency moderates its effects","volume":"40","year":"2013","journal-title":"Communication Research"},{"key":"key2020092918034101600_ref087","first-page":"73","article-title":"The main model: a heuristic approach to understanding technology effects on credibility","year":"2008","journal-title":"Digital Media, Youth, and Credibility"}],"container-title":["Information Technology &amp; People"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/ITP-04-2017-0129\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/ITP-04-2017-0129\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T21:54:36Z","timestamp":1753394076000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/itp\/article\/31\/2\/388-404\/184425"}},"subtitle":["Focusing on sociability and enjoyment in online games"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,3]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/ITP-04-2017-0129"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/itp-04-2017-0129","relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-3845"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0959-3845"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,3]]}}}