{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T17:28:06Z","timestamp":1754155686176,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,29]],"date-time":"2014-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1406592000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n               <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p> \u2013 After almost three centuries of employing western educational approaches, many African societies are still characterized by low western literacy rates, civil conflicts, and underdevelopment. It is obvious that these western educational paradigms, which are not indigenous to Africans, have done relatively little good for Africans. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to argue that the salvation for Africans hinges upon employing indigenous African educational paradigms which can be subsumed under the rubric of ubuntugogy, which the authors define as the art and science of teaching and learning undergirded by humanity toward others. <\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p> \u2013 Therefore, ubuntugogy transcends pedagogy (the art and science of teaching), andragogy (the art and science of helping adults learn), ergonagy (the art and science of helping people learn to work), and heutagogy (the study of self-determined learning). That many great African minds, realizing the debilitating effects of the western educational systems that have been forced upon Africans, have called for different approaches. <\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p> \u2013 One of the biggest challenges for studying and teaching about Africa in Africa at the higher education level, however, is the paucity of published material. Automated generation of metadata is one way of mining massive data sets to compensate for this shortcoming. <\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p> \u2013 Thus, the authors address the following major research question in this paper: What is automated generation of metadata and how can the technique be employed from an African-centered perspective? After addressing this question, conclusions and recommendations are offered.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/itp-06-2013-0112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,24]],"date-time":"2014-07-24T13:59:12Z","timestamp":1406210352000},"page":"341-365","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Generating metadata to study and teach about African issues"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Faleh","family":"Alshameri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Abdul","family":"Karim Bangura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2020123003250625500_b1","unstructured":"African Association of Remote Sensing of the Environment\n                (2010), \u201cWelcome address from the conference chairperson\u201d, available at: www.aarse2010.org\/ (accessed December 6, 2012)."},{"key":"key2020123003250625500_b2","unstructured":"African Society for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology\n                (2012), \u201cASBCB newsletter\u201d, Vol. 7, available at: www.asbcb.org\/ (accessed December 6, 2012)."},{"key":"key2020123003250625500_b3","unstructured":"Allert, H.\n               , \n                  Richter, C.\n                and \n                  Nejdl, W.\n                (2004), \u201cSituated models and metadata for learning management from an organisational and personal perspective\u201d, Journal of Universal Computer Science, Vol. 10 No. 1, pp. 4-13."},{"key":"key2020123003250625500_b4","unstructured":"Alshameri, F.J.\n                (2006), \u201cAutomated generation of metadata for mining image and text data\u201d, doctoral dissertation, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA."},{"key":"key2020123003250625500_b6","unstructured":"Bangura, A.K.\n                (2000a), Chaos Theory and African Fractals, The African Institution Publications, Washington, DC."},{"key":"key2020123003250625500_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bangura, A.K.\n                (2000b), \u201cBook review of Ron Eglash's African fractals: modern computing and indigenous design\u201d, Nexus Network Journal, Vol. 2 No. 4, pp. 165-168.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00004-999-0019-3"},{"key":"key2020123003250625500_b5","unstructured":"Bangura, A.K.\n                (2005), \u201cUbuntugogy: an African educational paradigm that transcends pedagogy, andragogy, ergonagy and heutagogy\u201d, Journal of Third World Studies, Vol. xxii No. 2, pp. 13-54."},{"key":"key2020123003250625500_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barker, J.\n                and \n                  Thornton, J.\n                (2004), \u201cSoftware engineering challenges in bioinformatics\u201d, Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE \u201904), IEEE Computer Society, Edinburgh, May 23-28, pp. 12-15.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2004.1317409"},{"key":"key2020123003250625500_b60","unstructured":"BBC\n                (2002), \u201cThe great African internet robbery\u201d, BBC News Online, available at: http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/1931120.stm (accessed April 18, 2002)."},{"key":"key2020123003250625500_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berry, M.\n               , \n                  Drmac, Z.\n                and \n                  Jessup, E.\n                (1999), \u201cMatrices, vector spaces, and information retrieval\u201d, Society for Industrial Applied Mathematics (SIAM), Vol. 41 No. 2, pp. 335-362.","DOI":"10.1137\/S0036144598347035"},{"key":"key2020123003250625500_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brunner, R.\n               , \n                  Djorgovsky, S.\n               , \n                  Prince, T.\n                and \n                  Szalay, A.\n                (2002), \u201cMassive datasets in astronomy\u201d, in \n                  Abello, J.\n                \n               et al. 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