{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T21:29:08Z","timestamp":1769203748730,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,5]],"date-time":"2017-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496620800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ITP"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The purpose of this paper is to examine how different age groups construct and enact normality within social networking sites (SNS) and consequently extend theory in the area of online interactions.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The chosen research site was Facebook and research design involved focus groups across three different age groups: teenagers, young adults and the middle-aged. In total, there were 78 participants. The focus groups explored the metaphoric images of Facebook interactions. In doing so, participants were asked to draw a picture to represent their metaphor and following this, to position themselves and other characters within the picture. The drawings as well as the facilitators\u2019 records provided the main data set for the study.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Connective and protective encounters were found to be used by different age groups when constructing and enacting normality on SNS. Further, it emerged that the interpretation and enactment of normality across the different age groups significantly varied. The metaphorical images have transpired as being a resourceful way of unpacking these differences.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The study relied on focus groups in order to capture metaphorical images across generations. It did not include interviews with individual participants to elicit the extent to which they agreed with the group metaphor or whether there was anything else they might have presented in the drawings. This could be on the agenda for future research.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The findings of the study suggest that SNS managers and designers should sympathise with the view that users of different ages engage in different ways with SNS and as a result, user interfaces should be customised according to the age of the user.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Social implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The study has implications for those interested in cross- and inter-generational research.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This is the first study in which the concept of normality has been adopted as a theoretical lens for understanding the interactions on SNS. Further, this work adds to the limited body of research on SNS use across different generations whilst it expands on the range of methodologies used within the information systems field.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/itp-06-2015-0134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,20]],"date-time":"2017-04-20T07:22:55Z","timestamp":1492672975000},"page":"282-300","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Constructing and enacting normality online across generations"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Niki","family":"Panteli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Marder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120707123199600_ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1017\/S0020818313000337","article-title":"Stigma management in international relations: transgressive identities, norms, and order in international society","volume":"68","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Organization"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120707123199600_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797609360756","article-title":"Facebook profiles reflect actual personality, not self-idealization","volume":"21","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120707123199600_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1108\/09534810810847075","article-title":"The dark tower: using visual metaphors to facilitate emotional expression during organizational change","volume":"21","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Organizational Change Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120707123199600_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1177\/0021886390262011","article-title":"Generative metaphor intervention: a new behavioural approach for working with systems divided by conflict and caught in defensive perception","volume":"26","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Behavioural Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120707123199600_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1177\/1350508411401946","article-title":"Spacing organization: non-representational theory and performing organizational space","volume":"19","year":"2012","journal-title":"Organization"},{"key":"key2020120707123199600_ref005","volume-title":"Erving Goffman","year":"1992"},{"key":"key2020120707123199600_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cazal, D. and Inns, D. 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