{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T01:58:09Z","timestamp":1773194289713,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,19]],"date-time":"2016-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1474243200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ITSE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Evacuation drills should be more realistic and interactive. Focusing on situational and audio-visual realities and scenario-based interactivity, the authors have developed a game-based evacuation drill (GBED) system that presents augmented reality (AR) materials on tablet computers. The paper's current research purpose is to improve visual reality (AR materials) in our GBED system.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The author's approach is to develop a new GBED system that superimposes digital objects  [e.g.  three-dimensional computer graphics (3DCG) elements] onto real-time vision using a marker-based AR library, a binocular opaque head-mounted display (HMD) and other current easily available technologies.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The findings from a trial experiment are that the new GBED system can improve visual reality and is appropriate for disaster education. However, a few problems remain for practical use.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>When using the GBED system, participants (i.e. HMD wearers) can suffer from 3D sickness and have difficulty in moving. These are important safety problems in HMD-based systems.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Social implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The combination of AR and HMDs for GBEDs (i.e. integrating virtual and real worlds) will raise questions about its merits (pros and cons).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The originality of the research is the combination of AR and an HMD to a GBED, which has previously been realized primarily as simulation games in virtual worlds. The authors believe that our research has the potential to expand disaster education.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/itse-01-2016-0001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,12]],"date-time":"2016-10-12T10:47:21Z","timestamp":1476269241000},"page":"186-201","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Game-based evacuation drill using augmented reality and head-mounted display"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Junya","family":"Kawai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Mitsuhara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masami","family":"Shishibori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"key2020121300072748500_ref003","first-page":"6","article-title":"The magicbook-moving seamlessly between reality and virtuality","volume":"21","year":"2001","journal-title":"IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications"},{"key":"key2020121300072748500_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1111\/jcal.12008","article-title":"A mixed methods assessment of students\u2019 flow experiences during a mobile augmented reality science game","volume":"29","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Assisted Learning"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020121300072748500_ref005","first-page":"166","article-title":"Apply an augmented reality in a mobile guidance to increase sense of place for heritage places","volume":"18","year":"2015","journal-title":"Educational Technology & Society"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020121300072748500_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s10956-012-9405-9","article-title":"Affordances of augmented reality in science learning: suggestions for future research","volume":"22","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Science Education and Technology"},{"key":"key2020121300072748500_ref007","first-page":"73","article-title":"Music education using augmented reality with a head mounted display","year":"2013"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020121300072748500_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2012.03.004","article-title":"A systematic literature review of empirical evidence on computer games and serious games","volume":"59","year":"2012","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"key":"key2020121300072748500_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2013.02.015","article-title":"Designing augmented reality for the classroom","volume":"68","year":"2013","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"key":"key2020121300072748500_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2012.03.002","article-title":"Impact of an augmented reality system on students\u2019 motivation for a visual art course","volume":"68","year":"2013","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"key":"key2020121300072748500_ref010","first-page":"830","article-title":"Blended game-based learning environments: extending a serious game into a learning content management system","year":"2011"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020121300072748500_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01682023","article-title":"A touring machine: prototyping 3D mobile augmented reality systems for exploring the urban environment","volume":"1","year":"1997","journal-title":"Personal Technologies"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020121300072748500_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intcom.2009.06.001","article-title":"UbiCicero: a location-aware, multi-device museum guide","volume":"21","year":"2009","journal-title":"Interacting with Computers"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020121300072748500_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2729.2012.00489.x","article-title":"Serious games as new educational tools: how effective are they? 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