{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T05:09:09Z","timestamp":1769749749524,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,11]],"date-time":"2019-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552262400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ITSE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The study aims to give a descriptive account of university students\u2019 engagement with non-learning-related activities during class time and explore the relationship between off-task multitasking and learning. The predictive factors for off-task multitasking from individual, social and class-related dimensions are also examined.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Contextualized in a comprehensive university in Hong Kong, the study adopts a survey design and involves 79 samples.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The data show that Hong Kong university students are avid users of mobile phones and heavily engage with digital devices. Off-task multitasking with mobile phones is a common phenomenon, yet not related to learning performance. Among the various media and apps on mobile phones, instant messenger stands out as the most frequently used app on a daily basis and inside the classroom. The individual device-use habit and classroom engagement are significant predictors for off-task multitasking during class time.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This paper will allow teachers and students to be more aware of the causes and effects of off-task multitasking behaviors during class time and derive practical guidance and strategies to pay heed to and resist the disruptive influence of technologies on learning.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The existing scholarly work show a mixed and incomplete picture regarding the effects and determining factors of students\u2019 multitasking. This study includes three variables from individual, social and teaching\/learning dimensions and seeks to evaluate their predictive strengths. The results of the study will deepen our understanding of the patterns of off-task multitasking.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/itse-08-2018-0056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,25]],"date-time":"2019-01-25T03:32:17Z","timestamp":1548387137000},"page":"49-58","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Examining predictive factors and effects of in-class multitasking with mobile phones"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Liping","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kelly Yee Lai","family":"Ku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Qiuyi","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2020092412093968300_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2015.03.010","article-title":"Drawn to distraction: a qualitative study of off-task use of educational technology","volume":"87","year":"2015","journal-title":"Computers and Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020092412093968300_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2013.01.040","article-title":"Self-interruptions in discretionary multitasking","volume":"29","year":"2013","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092412093968300_ref003","article-title":"Measuring multitasking behavior with activity-based metrics","volume":"18","year":"2011","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (Interaction)"},{"key":"key2020092412093968300_ref004","unstructured":"Brooks, C. and Pomerantz, J. 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