{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T03:10:57Z","timestamp":1769310657726,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]],"date-time":"2024-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ITSE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Through the action research study, this paper aims to examine how e-portfolios improve students\u2019 critical, reflective and creative thinking as part of higher-order thinking skills (HOTS). Besides, this paper also explores how e-portfolios enhance students\u2019 speaking skills. The study is carried out to improve the current state by identifying and solving problems in specific contexts.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This investigation was designed to seek the improvement of the students\u2019 higher-order thinking and speaking skills after the implementation of the e-portfolio. Action research was chosen because action research is suitable to bring change and improvement in the system or assume to bring progress in the system. This study was designed in two phases, featuring reflection and connection between previous and new data.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>By completing this action research study, the authors assisted students in improving their higher-order thinking and speaking skills. The improvement was related to the indicators for learning success, which were explained in this research. The HOTS criteria include the capacity to analyze essential facts and arguments that the students presented in their spoken works logically and critically.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>HOTS encompasses critical, logical, creative and metacognitive thinking skills. Future research should go further into the usage of e-portfolios in the development of students\u2019 metacognitive capacities. Moreover, because this investigation was carried out using action research methods, it is crucial to recognize that no generalizability can be offered for the findings.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The study\u2019s findings should also benefit practitioners and instructors endeavoring to enhance students\u2019 e-portfolios, critical thinking and digital skills in the classroom.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Social implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The discussion focuses on important development topics. Everyone, not just students, should be encouraged to participate in creating and developing our technological future. The analysis offers unique and essential perspectives into what to explore for such a substantial attempt as implementing digital technology, specifically to construct an e-portfolio.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Despite the widespread usage of e-portfolios in English as a foreign language (EFL) instruction, there is a lack of research on how e-portfolios can enhance EFL students\u2019 HOTS and speaking abilities. Hence, this study addresses a deficiency in existing research by examining the potential of e-portfolios to enhance students\u2019 HOTS and oral communication skills within the context of EFL.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/itse-08-2023-0167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T23:53:12Z","timestamp":1710978792000},"page":"25-42","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Researching the use of e-portfolios to promote students thinking in digital age: a qualitative action study"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Rida","family":"Afrilyasanti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eko","family":"Suhartoyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Utami","family":"Widiati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"key2025011704575362900_ref001","first-page":"1","article-title":"An electronic portfolio to support learning 1","volume":"31","year":"2005","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2025011704575362900_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1108\/ITSE-07-2022-0088","article-title":"Tuning up a CMLL toolbox: analyzing web-based applications for critical media literacy learning","volume":"19","year":"2022","journal-title":"Interactive Technology and Smart Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2025011704575362900_ref003","first-page":"84","article-title":"Supporting students' critical media literacy skills using digital storytelling through the Flipgrid application","volume":"42","year":"2023","journal-title":"Computer Assisted Language Learning Electronic Journal (CALL-EJ)"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2025011704575362900_ref004","first-page":"182","article-title":"The effect of e-portfolio on EFL learners' writing accuracy, fluency, and complexity","volume":"20","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Reading Matrix: An International Online Journal"},{"issue":"9","key":"key2025011704575362900_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.17507\/tpls.0809.03","article-title":"The reasons behind inefficient English language teaching practices in Saudi Universities","volume":"8","year":"2018","journal-title":"Theory and Practice in Language Studies"},{"key":"key2025011704575362900_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.system.2021.102496","article-title":"Effects of ASR-based websites on EFL learners' vocabulary, speaking anxiety, and language enjoyment","volume":"99","year":"2021","journal-title":"System"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2025011704575362900_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1080\/09588221.2010.520671","article-title":"E-portfolio assessment in an online English language course","volume":"23","year":"2010","journal-title":"Computer Assisted Language Learning"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2025011704575362900_ref008","first-page":"21","article-title":"The act of discovery","volume":"31","year":"1961","journal-title":"Harvard Educational Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2025011704575362900_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.system.2010.06.005","article-title":"Doing action research in English language teaching","volume":"38","year":"2010","journal-title":"A Guide for Practitioners. System"},{"key":"key2025011704575362900_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203029053","volume-title":"Research Methods in Education","year":"2007","edition":"6th ed."},{"issue":"2","key":"key2025011704575362900_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1177\/0273475317752452","article-title":"Critical thinking and reflective learning in the marketing education literature: a historical perspective and future research needs","volume":"40","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2025011704575362900_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1108\/17465640610666642","article-title":"The sage handbook of qualitative research[1]. qualitative research in organizations and management","volume":"1","year":"2006","journal-title":"An International Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2025011704575362900_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0735633116667356","article-title":"Using the web as a higher order thinking partner: case study of an advanced learner creatively synthesizing knowledge on the web","volume":"55","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Computing Research"},{"key":"key2025011704575362900_ref014","volume-title":"Experience and Education","year":"1938"},{"issue":"7648","key":"key2025011704575362900_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39503.608032.AD","article-title":"Teaching rounds: the self-critical doctor: Helping students become more reflective","volume":"336","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2025011704575362900_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.34028\/ijqa\/3\/1\/133","article-title":"E-Portfolio to assess the 21st-century skills of students in a smart e-learning environment","volume":"3","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal for Quality Assurance"},{"key":"key2025011704575362900_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1109\/INCISCOS.2017.35","article-title":"The development of e-portfolio for lesson study","year":"2018"},{"key":"key2025011704575362900_ref018","unstructured":"Fahey, S., Moura, K. and Saarinen, J. (2019), \u201cThe educator's guide to Flipgrid: Version 4, fall 2019\u201d, available at: https:\/\/static.flipgrid.com\/docs\/Flipgrid_eBook_2nd_edition.pdf"},{"key":"key2025011704575362900_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tsc.2020.100759","article-title":"Reflective thinking in an EFL writing course: to what level do portfolios improve reflection in writing?","volume":"39","year":"2021","journal-title":"Thinking Skills and Creativity"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2025011704575362900_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5334\/jime.574","article-title":"From portfolio to e-portfolio: the evolution of portfolio in higher education","volume":"2020","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Interactive Media in Education"},{"key":"key2025011704575362900_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315149325","article-title":"On being sick of humans in a post-human world","volume-title":"The Methodological Dilemma Revisited: creative, Critical and Collaborative Approaches to Qualitative Research for a New Era","year":"2018","edition":"1st ed"},{"key":"key2025011704575362900_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2010.12.356","article-title":"A reflection of preservice teachers on e-portfolio assessment","volume":"9","year":"2010","journal-title":"Procedia \u2013 Social and Behavioral Sciences"},{"key":"key2025011704575362900_ref023","volume-title":"Critical Thinking in the Language Classroom","year":"2014"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2025011704575362900_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.12973\/eu-jer.8.4.935","article-title":"HOTS-AEP: higher order thinking skills from elementary to master students in environmental learning","volume":"8","year":"2019","journal-title":"European Journal of Educational Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2025011704575362900_ref025","first-page":"37382","article-title":"The impact of teaching methods on academic performance of secondary school students in Nigeria","volume":"10","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Development Research"},{"key":"key2025011704575362900_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470461","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.02404","article-title":"The role of metacognitive components in creative thinking","volume":"10","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2025011704575362900_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.22219\/jpbi.v4i2.5804","article-title":"Problem-based learning: creative thinking skills, problem-solving skills, and learning outcome of seventh-grade students","volume":"4","year":"2018","journal-title":"JPBI (Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi Indonesia)"},{"key":"key2025011704575362900_ref028","first-page":"176","article-title":"Assessment and evaluation: higher order thinking skills","volume":"18","year":"1998","journal-title":"Center for Advancement of Learning and Assessment"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2025011704575362900_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/2158244011434102","article-title":"The salient characteristics of trained ineffective teachers in secondary schools in Kenya","volume":"1","year":"2011","journal-title":"SAGE Open"},{"key":"key2025011704575362900_ref030","volume-title":"Experiential Learning: Experience as the Source of Learning and Development","year":"1984"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2025011704575362900_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1080\/02602938.2013.862211","article-title":"Promoting self-regulated learning through portfolio assessment: testimony and recommendations","volume":"39","year":"2014","journal-title":"Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education"},{"key":"key2025011704575362900_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12047","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/983\/1\/012047","article-title":"Higher order thinking skills: using e-portfolio in project-based learning higher order thinking skills: using e-portfolio in project-based learning","volume":"983","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Physics: Conference Series"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2025011704575362900_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.2003.02528","article-title":"Portfolios and assessment of competence: a review of the literature","volume":"41","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Nursing"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2025011704575362900_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1080\/01587919.2021.1911628","article-title":"The digital portfolio as an assessment strategy for learning in higher education","volume":"42","year":"2021","journal-title":"Distance Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2025011704575362900_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/s11165-006-9029-2","article-title":"Purposely teaching for the promotion of higher-order thinking skills: a case of critical thinking","volume":"37","year":"2007","journal-title":"Research in Science Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2025011704575362900_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.35445\/alishlah.v13i1.485","article-title":"Students' perceptions on the use of e-portfolio for learning assessment","volume":"13","year":"2021","journal-title":"AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2025011704575362900_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.4236\/jss.2019.73003","article-title":"EFL students' reluctance in participating in English speaking activities at University College of Applied Sciences: challenges and solutions","volume":"7","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open Journal of Social Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2025011704575362900_ref038","article-title":"Competence development and portfolios: promoting reflection through peer review","volume":"11","year":"2019","journal-title":"AISHE-J: The All Ireland Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2025011704575362900_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.17509\/ijal.v12i2.44232","volume":"12","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics"},{"key":"key2025011704575362900_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.system.2019.102128","article-title":"Acting, thinking, feeling, making, collaborating: the engagement process in foreign language learning","volume":"86","year":"2019","journal-title":"System"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2025011704575362900_ref041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.21274\/ls.2019.11.1.145-160","article-title":"Higher-order thinking skill (hots) questions in the English national examination in Indonesia","volume":"11","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal Bahasa Lingua Scientia"},{"issue":"7","key":"key2025011704575362900_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.46754\/jssm.2020.10.002","article-title":"Difmol: Indonesian students' hots and environmental education model during COVID-19","volume":"15","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Sustainability Science and Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2025011704575362900_ref043","first-page":"17","article-title":"Penyusunan instrumen tes kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi fisika pada siswa SMP","volume":"1","year":"2013","journal-title":"Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika"},{"key":"key2025011704575362900_ref044","volume-title":"Educating the Reflective Practitioner","year":"1987"},{"key":"key2025011704575362900_ref045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h4672","article-title":"Understanding the Hawthorne effect","volume":"351","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2025011704575362900_ref046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iheduc.2011.01.002","article-title":"The effects of electronic portfolio tools on online students' perceived support and cognitive load","volume":"14","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Internet and Higher Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2025011704575362900_ref047","first-page":"90","article-title":"Teaching critical thinking and problem-solving skills","volume":"50","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Delta Pi Epsilon Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2025011704575362900_ref048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.14742\/ajet.6126","article-title":"E-portfolio implementation: examining learners' perception of usefulness, self-directed learning process, and value of learning","volume":"37","year":"2021","journal-title":"Australasian Journal of Educational Technology"},{"key":"key2025011704575362900_ref049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315856261","article-title":"Critical thinking and formative assessments","year":"2013","journal-title":"Critical Thinking and Formative Assessments"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2025011704575362900_ref050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1080\/15391523.2005.10782446","article-title":"The diffusion of electronic portfolios in teacher education: Issues of initiation and implementation","volume":"37","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Research on Technology in Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2025011704575362900_ref051","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s40692-020-00157-6","article-title":"E-portfolios and the development of students' reflective thinking at a Hong Kong university","volume":"7","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Computers in Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2025011704575362900_ref052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1080\/04250494.2022.2089014","article-title":"How texts teach what readers learn in a digital age","volume":"56","year":"2022","journal-title":"English in Education"},{"key":"key2025011704575362900_ref053","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.17501\/26307413.2019.2106","article-title":"Developing higher order thinking skills (HOTS) \u2013 based questions: Indonesian EFL teachers' challenges","year":"2019"}],"container-title":["Interactive Technology and Smart Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/ITSE-08-2023-0167\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/ITSE-08-2023-0167\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T21:56:54Z","timestamp":1753394214000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/itse\/article\/22\/1\/25-42\/1245762"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/ITSE-08-2023-0167"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/itse-08-2023-0167","relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-5659","1758-8510"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1741-5659","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-8510","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]]}}}