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The implementation of virtual field trips using virtual reality (VR) in CE education is a development that can address this phenomenon and help facilitate the consolidation of abstract theories into tangible competences. This project aims to solve a fundamental CE education problem: once a structure has been completed, it is often impossible to see how it was built; hence, how can you demonstrate the construction process to a student?<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>This research used the opportunity of a new campus library development to record its construction sequence. This was achieved by visiting the site eight times to take panoramic stereoscopic photos of the construction process. By its nature, using VR as a didactic tool facilitates experiential learning, but this project also incorporates discovery learning and situated cognition to develop students\u2019 understanding of the construction process.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of VR in education is becoming increasingly common, but the explicit pedagogy used in these environments is rarely obvious or stated. This project draws upon current VR education discussions and explores the development of a VR environment with a pedagogical context.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>The development of the VR resource draws upon the pedagogical frameworks of discovery learning (Bruner, 1961) and situated cognition (Lave and Wenger, 1991). A further unique aspect of this research is the use of stereoscopic cameras to capture the library\u2019s construction over time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/itse-10-2019-0069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,11]],"date-time":"2020-03-11T06:44:45Z","timestamp":1583909085000},"page":"303-321","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Developing a pedagogical photoreal virtual environment to teach civil engineering"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"James","family":"Walker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dave","family":"Towey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Pike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Georgios","family":"Kapogiannis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Elamin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ran","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2020081213414796400_ref001","first-page":"3","article-title":"From data to wisdom","volume":"16","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Applies Systems Analysis"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020081213414796400_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3991\/ijoe.v6i2.1184","article-title":"Design and implementation of a virtual laboratory for machine dynamics","volume":"6","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Online Engineering"},{"key":"key2020081213414796400_ref003","first-page":"1","article-title":"The flipped classroom: a survey of the research","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2013 ASEE National Conference","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020081213414796400_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.3102\/0013189X018001032","article-title":"Situated cognition and the culture of learning","volume":"18","year":"1989","journal-title":"Educational Researcher"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020081213414796400_ref005","first-page":"21","article-title":"The act of discovery","volume":"31","year":"1961","journal-title":"Harvard Educational Review"},{"key":"key2020081213414796400_ref006","first-page":"230","article-title":"The rise of scientific engineering in Britain","volume":"18","year":"1985","journal-title":"British Journal for the History of Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020081213414796400_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog1302_1","article-title":"Self-explanations: how students study and use examples in learning to solve problems","volume":"13","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cognitive Science"},{"key":"key2020081213414796400_ref008","volume-title":"Experience and Education","year":"1938"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020081213414796400_ref009","first-page":"325","article-title":"Eliciting self-explanations improves problem solving: what processes are involved","volume":"16","year":"1997","journal-title":"Current Psychology of Cognition"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020081213414796400_ref010","first-page":"107","article-title":"Awareness and coordination in shared workspaces","volume":"92","year":"1992","journal-title":"CSCW"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2020081213414796400_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8535.2011.01263.x","article-title":"A taxonomy of virtual worlds usage in education","volume":"43","year":"2012","journal-title":"British Journal of Educational Technology"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020081213414796400_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/s10734-012-9558-8","article-title":"University of Nottingham Ningbo China and Xi\u2019an Jiaotong- Liverpool university: globalization of higher education in China","volume":"65","year":"2013","journal-title":"Higher Education"},{"key":"key2020081213414796400_ref013","first-page":"529","article-title":"The impact of avatar realism and eye gaze control on perceived quality of communication in a shared immersive virtual environment","year":"2003"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020081213414796400_ref014","first-page":"63","article-title":"Industry experience: enhancing a professor\u2019s ability to effectively teach in higher education","volume":"5","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Education and Human Development"},{"key":"key2020081213414796400_ref015","unstructured":"Green, C. 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