{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T20:08:21Z","timestamp":1778875701128,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]],"date-time":"2024-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709856000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ITSE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This paper aims to consolidate empirical studies between 2013 and 2022 to investigate the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) in higher education. It aims to examine published research characteristics and provide insights into the promises and challenges of AI integration in academia.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A systematic literature review was conducted, encompassing 44 empirical studies published as peer-reviewed journal papers. The review focused on identifying trends, categorizing research types and analysing the evidence-based applications of AI in higher education.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The review indicates a recent surge in publications concerning AI in higher education. However, a significant proportion of these publications primarily propose theoretical and conceptual AI interventions. Areas with empirical evidence supporting AI applications in academia are delineated.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The prevalence of theoretical proposals may limit generalizability. Further research is encouraged to validate and expand upon the identified empirical applications of AI in higher education.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This review outlines imperative implications for future research and the implementation of evidence-based AI interventions in higher education, facilitating informed decision-making for academia and stakeholders.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This paper contributes a comprehensive synthesis of empirical studies, highlighting the evolving landscape of AI integration in higher education and emphasizing the need for evidence-based approaches.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/itse-11-2023-0218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]],"date-time":"2024-03-06T22:50:07Z","timestamp":1709765407000},"page":"625-644","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["The educational value of artificial intelligence in higher education: a 10-year systematic literature review"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Agostino","family":"Marengo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Pagano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Pange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kamal Ahmed","family":"Soomro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1\/2","key":"key2024102809065949800_ref001","first-page":"13","article-title":"Awareness and perception of the artificial intelligence in the management of university libraries in Nigeria","volume":"29","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Interlibrary Loan, Document Delivery and Electronic Reserve"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2024102809065949800_ref002","first-page":"1","article-title":"The impact of artificial intelligence on clinical education: perceptions of postgraduate trainee doctors in London (UK) and recommendations for trainers","volume":"21","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Medical Education"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2024102809065949800_ref003","first-page":"1","article-title":"Preparing the future entrepreneurial engineering workforce using web-based AI-enabled tools","volume":"48","year":"2022","journal-title":"European Journal of Engineering Education"},{"key":"key2024102809065949800_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75264","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2988510","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in education: a review","volume":"8","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2024102809065949800_ref005","first-page":"1","article-title":"Artificial intelligence-based education assists medical students\u2019 interpretation of hip fracture","volume":"11","year":"2020","journal-title":"Insights into Imaging"},{"key":"key2024102809065949800_ref006","first-page":"1","article-title":"Artificial intelligence-supported art education: a deep learning-based system for promoting university students\u2019 artwork appreciation and painting outcomes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Interactive Learning Environments"},{"key":"key2024102809065949800_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100118","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CAEAI.2022.100118","article-title":"Systematic literature review on opportunities, challenges, and future research recommendations of artificial intelligence in education","volume":"4","year":"2023","journal-title":"Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2024102809065949800_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-022-03852-3","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in medical education: a cross-sectional needs assessment","volume":"22","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Medical Education"},{"key":"key2024102809065949800_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infoecopol.2019.05.003","article-title":"AI meets labor market: exploring the link between automation and skills","volume":"47","year":"2019","journal-title":"Information Economics and Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2024102809065949800_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1080\/03323315.2021.2022514","article-title":"Exploring new frontiers of education using humanoid robots\u2013a case study of patient centred innovation in digital health education","volume":"41","year":"2022","journal-title":"Irish Educational Studies"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2024102809065949800_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1080\/09639284.2021.1872035","article-title":"Mediating effect of use perceptions on technology readiness and adoption of artificial intelligence in accounting","volume":"30","year":"2021","journal-title":"Accounting Education"},{"key":"key2024102809065949800_ref012","first-page":"1","article-title":"Empirical and non-empirical methods","volume-title":"International Encyclopaedia of Communication Research Methods","year":"2017"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2024102809065949800_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1080\/1554480X.2019.1706522","article-title":"The effect of using negative knowledge based intelligent tutoring system evaluator software to the academic success in English language education","volume":"15","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pedagogies: An International Journal"},{"key":"key2024102809065949800_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136697","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3010938","article-title":"Modern artificial intelligence model development for undergraduate student performance prediction: an investigation on engineering mathematics courses","volume":"8","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"9","key":"key2024102809065949800_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2332","DOI":"10.1080\/09588221.2021.1879162","article-title":"Foreign language acquisition via artificial intelligence and extended reality: design and evaluation","volume":"35","year":"2022","journal-title":"Computer Assisted Language Learning"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2024102809065949800_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3056","DOI":"10.3390\/app13053056","article-title":"The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in online learning and distance education processes: a systematic review of empirical studies","volume":"13","year":"2023","journal-title":"Applied Sciences"},{"key":"key2024102809065949800_ref017","first-page":"1","article-title":"Examining the roles of social presence and human-likeness on Iranian EFL learners\u2019 motivation using artificial intelligence technology: a case of CSIEC chatbot","year":"2022","journal-title":"Interactive Learning Environments"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2024102809065949800_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1080\/10528008.2020.1835492","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in marketing education programs","volume":"31","year":"2021","journal-title":"Marketing Education Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2024102809065949800_ref019","first-page":"1","article-title":"The impact of a virtual teaching assistant (chatbot) on students' learning in ghanaian higher education","volume":"19","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education"},{"key":"key2024102809065949800_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.2147\/AMEP.S368519","article-title":"Undergraduate medical students\u2019 and interns\u2019 knowledge and perception of artificial intelligence in medicine","volume":"13","year":"2022","journal-title":"Advances in Medical Education and Practice"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2024102809065949800_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1080\/15391523.2022.2142873","article-title":"A systematic review of conversational AI in language education: focusing on the collaboration with human teachers","volume":"55","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Research on Technology in Education"},{"issue":"8","key":"key2024102809065949800_ref022","first-page":"1","article-title":"Artificial intelligence-enabled prediction model of student academic performance in online engineering education","volume":"55","year":"2022","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2024102809065949800_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3491209","article-title":"Trustworthy artificial intelligence: a review","volume":"55","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACM Computing Surveys"},{"issue":"18","key":"key2024102809065949800_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10424","DOI":"10.3390\/su131810424","article-title":"Exploring opportunities and challenges of artificial intelligence and machine learning in higher education institutions","volume":"13","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"key2024102809065949800_ref025","first-page":"1","article-title":"Serious games to assess university students\u2019 soft skills: investigating the effectiveness of a gamified assessment prototype","year":"2023","journal-title":"Interactive Learning Environments"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2024102809065949800_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e07014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e07014","article-title":"Application of artificial intelligence powered digital writing assistant in higher education: randomized controlled trial","volume":"7","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"7","key":"key2024102809065949800_ref027","first-page":"1","article-title":"A review of AI teaching and learning from 2000 to 2020","volume":"28","year":"2022","journal-title":"Education and Information Technologies"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2024102809065949800_ref028","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ethical principles for artificial intelligence in education","volume":"28","year":"2022","journal-title":"Education and Information Technologies"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2024102809065949800_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7893","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-022-10925-9","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in online higher education: a systematic review of empirical research from 2011 to 2020","volume":"27","year":"2022","journal-title":"Education and Information Technologies"},{"key":"key2024102809065949800_ref030","first-page":"563","article-title":"Training time optimization through adaptive learning strategy","volume-title":"International Conference on Innovation and Intelligence for Informatics, Computing, and Technologies","year":"2021"},{"key":"key2024102809065949800_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105906","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"88","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Surgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2024102809065949800_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s41039-017-0062-8","article-title":"Exploring the impact of artificial intelligence on teaching and learning in higher education","volume":"12","year":"2017","journal-title":"Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2024102809065949800_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-022-03896-5","article-title":"Exploration of exposure to artificial intelligence in undergraduate medical education: a Canadian cross-sectional mixed-methods study","volume":"22","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Medical Education"},{"key":"key2024102809065949800_ref034","unstructured":"Rouse, M. (2023), \u201cWhat is ChatGPT? \u2013 definitions from techopedia\u201d, available at: www.techopedia.com\/definition\/34933\/chatgpt"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2024102809065949800_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.37074\/jalt.2023.6.1.9","article-title":"ChatGPT: bullshit Spewer or the end of traditional assessments in higher education?","volume":"6","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Learning and Teaching"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2024102809065949800_ref036","first-page":"1","article-title":"The impact of artificial intelligence on learner\u2013instructor interaction in online learning","volume":"18","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2024102809065949800_ref037","first-page":"263312","article-title":"An intelligent behaviour shown by chatbot system","volume":"3","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of New Technology and Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2024102809065949800_ref038","first-page":"232","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in EFL classrooms: friend or foe?","volume":"15","year":"2022","journal-title":"LEARN Journal: Language Education and Acquisition Research Network"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2024102809065949800_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4018\/JCIT.2021010101","article-title":"AI in education: a systematic literature review","volume":"23","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Cases on Information Technology (JCIT)"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2024102809065949800_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSS.2020.2965198","article-title":"A personalized learning system for parallel intelligent education","volume":"7","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2024102809065949800_ref041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1177\/1098214005283748","article-title":"A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data","volume":"27","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Evaluation"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2024102809065949800_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmir.2022.10.024","article-title":"A postgraduate introductory module in artificial intelligence for radiographers: experiences of students and educators","volume":"53","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences"},{"key":"key2024102809065949800_ref043","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in education: can AI bring the full potential of personalized learning to education?","volume-title":"30th European Conference of the International Telecommunications Society (ITS): \u201cTowards a connected and automated society","year":"2019"},{"issue":"11","key":"key2024102809065949800_ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6716","DOI":"10.3390\/app13116716","article-title":"Exploring the potential impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on international students in higher education: generative AI, chatbots, analytics, and international student success","volume":"13","year":"2023","journal-title":"Applied Sciences"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2024102809065949800_ref045","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effects of higher education institutes\u2019 artificial intelligence capability on students' self-efficacy, creativity and learning performance","volume":"28","year":"2022","journal-title":"Education and Information Technologies"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2024102809065949800_ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.22492\/ije.9.4.03","article-title":"Artificial intelligence for career guidance\u2013current requirements and prospects for the future","volume":"9","year":"2021","journal-title":"IAFOR Journal of Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2024102809065949800_ref047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s41239-019-0171-0","article-title":"Systematic review of research on artificial intelligence applications in higher education\u2013where are the educators?","volume":"16","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education"},{"key":"key2024102809065949800_ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhai, X. (2022), \u201cChatGPT user experience: implications for education\u201d, SSRN 4312418.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4312418"},{"key":"key2024102809065949800_ref049","first-page":"1","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in education: ethical issues and its regulations","year":"2022"},{"key":"key2024102809065949800_ref050","first-page":"1","article-title":"Student engagement with automated feedback on academic writing: a study on Uyghur ethnic minority students in China","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development"},{"key":"key2024102809065949800_ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2022.03.058","article-title":"Perceptions of learners and instructors towards artificial intelligence in personalized learning","volume":"201","year":"2022","journal-title":"Procedia Computer Science"},{"issue":"9","key":"key2024102809065949800_ref052","first-page":"1","article-title":"Understanding students\u2019 participation of intelligent teaching: an empirical study considering artificial intelligence usefulness, interactive reward, satisfaction, university support and enjoyment","volume":"31","year":"2021","journal-title":"Interactive Learning Environments"},{"key":"key2024102809065949800_ref053","first-page":"100118","article-title":"Systematic literature review on opportunities, challenges, and future research recommendations of artificial intelligence in education","volume":"4","year":"2022","journal-title":"Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence"}],"container-title":["Interactive Technology and Smart Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/ITSE-11-2023-0218\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/ITSE-11-2023-0218\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T21:57:13Z","timestamp":1753394233000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/itse\/article\/21\/4\/625-644\/1227616"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/ITSE-11-2023-0218"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/itse-11-2023-0218","relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-5659","1758-8510"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1741-5659","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-8510","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]]}}}