{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T17:37:17Z","timestamp":1754156237399,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,10]],"date-time":"2013-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1368144000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this paper is to present functional requirements for bibliographic records (FRBR)\u2010based model and functional requirements for authority data (FRAD)\u2010based model; both of which incorporate an event concept that transforms FRBR and FRAD with minimal modification.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>Relationships between the entities defined in FRBR\/FRAD are transformed into event entities and relationships with other kinds of entities. The cardinality of those relationships is also examined. In addition, a comparison of the proposed FRBR\u2010based model with the object\u2010oriented FRBR (FRBR<jats:sub>OO<\/jats:sub>) is conducted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the proposed event\u2010aware FRBR model, an event and its output resource are dependent on each other and necessary information about an event can be expressed with information about its output resource, and vice versa. Therefore, the usefulness and expressiveness of the proposed model is limited. In the FRBR<jats:sub>OO<\/jats:sub> model, dependency between an event and its output resource is not observed, except in a few cases, since a different resource and event modeling was adopted there. The event\u2010aware FRAD model proposed is useful \u2013 but also the scope of its usefulness limited since dependency between an event and its input\/output resource is not observed on some event entities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>The proposed models are meaningful in terms of understanding the basic structure and features of a model that incorporates an event concept. The usefulness and limitation of event modeling have been clarified through such model building. The proposed models provide a stable basis for examining FRBR\/FRAD further.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/jd-01-2012-0004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,15]],"date-time":"2013-05-15T13:06:12Z","timestamp":1368623172000},"page":"452-472","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Event\u2010aware FRBR and FRAD models: are they useful?"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Shoichi","family":"Taniguchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022020819515690400_b1","unstructured":"Doerr, M. (2003), \u201cThe CIDOC conceptual reference module: an ontological approach to semantic interoperability of metadata\u201d, AI Magazine, Vol. 24 No. 3, pp. 75\u201092."},{"key":"key2022020819515690400_b3","unstructured":"Doerr, M. and Kritsotaki, A. (2006), \u201cDocumenting events in metadata\u201d, paper presented at the 7th International Symposium on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, VAST (2006), available at: http:\/\/www.cidoc\u2010crm.org\/docs\/fin\u2010paper.pdf (accessed 17 August 2011)."},{"key":"key2022020819515690400_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doerr, M. and Le Boeuf, P. (2007), \u201cModelling intellectual processes: the FRBR\u2010CRM harmonization\u201d, DELOS '07 Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Digital Libraries: Research and Development, Pisa, Italy, February 13\u201014, 2007, Springer\u2010Verlag, Berlin, pp. 114\u2010123.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-77088-6_11"},{"key":"key2022020819515690400_b4","unstructured":"Doerr, M., Hunter, J. and Lagoze, C. 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Saur, M\u00fcnchen, available at: www.ifla.org\/en\/publications\/functional\u2010requirements\u2010for\u2010bibliographic\u2010records (accessed 17 August 2011).","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110962451"},{"key":"key2022020819515690400_b7","unstructured":"IFLA Working Group on Functional Requirements and Numbering of Authority Records (2009), Functional Requirements for Authority Data: A Conceptual Model. Final Report, K.G. Saur, M\u00fcnchen."},{"key":"key2022020819515690400_b9","unstructured":"IFLA Working Group on the Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data (2011), Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data (FRSAD), De Gruyter Saur, Berlin."},{"key":"key2022020819515690400_b10","unstructured":"International Working Group on FRBR and CIDOC CRM Harmonisation (2006), \u201cFRBR object\u2010oriented definition and mapping to FRBRER\u201d, version 0.6.7, available at: www.cidoc\u2010crm.org\/docs\/frbr_oo\/FRBR_oo_V0.6.7.doc (accessed 17 August 2011)."},{"key":"key2022020819515690400_b11","unstructured":"International Working Group on FRBR and CIDOC CRM Harmonisation (2009), \u201cFRBR object\u2010oriented definition and mapping to FRBRER\u201d, version 1.0, available at: www.cidoc\u2010crm.org\/docs\/frbr_oo\/frbr_docs\/FRBRoo_V1.0_2009_june_.pdf (accessed 17 August 2011)."},{"key":"key2022020819515690400_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jeong, S. and Kim, H.\u2010G. 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