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However, the overall structure of the concept is inadequate because there are multifaceted arguments; how the concept has changed is not clear either. The purpose of this study is to clarify the whole picture of the roles and functions of the library as place in public libraries and to show the transition of the roles and functions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>Qualitative content analysis and time-series analysis were conducted using 175 related articles that mentioned the roles and functions of the library as a place.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>An overall of 2,966 codes about library as a place was extracted and organised into a conceptual model, comprising 3 symbolic infrastructures (Wisdom, Heritage and Community), 11 categories (Intelligence, Creativity, Novelty, Culture and History, Neutrality, Equality, Empowerment, Publicness, Privacy, Sociability and Friendliness) and 30 subcategories. The study found that concepts of the library as place have developed rapidly since the 1990s, and roles have diversified from traditional ones.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>The conceptual model of the library as place in this study, which integrates diverse perspectives such as physical spaces, activities and symbols, is the first of model's kind.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/jd-02-2022-0046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]],"date-time":"2022-07-12T00:39:45Z","timestamp":1657586385000},"page":"376-397","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Library as place: conceptual model for public libraries and their transition"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"79","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5943-2452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marika","family":"Kawamoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5534-2919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masanori","family":"Koizumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"key2023030414461916600_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lisr.2011.06.002","article-title":"Use of library space and the library as place","volume":"34","year":"2012","journal-title":"Library and Information Science Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023030414461916600_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lisr.2009.07.008","article-title":"How do public libraries function as meeting places?","volume":"32","year":"2010","journal-title":"Library and Information Science Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023030414461916600_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1080\/01616846.2015.1000777","article-title":"\u2018This is our library, and it's a pretty cool place\u2019: a user-centered study of public library YA spaces","volume":"34","year":"2015","journal-title":"Public Library Quarterly"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023030414461916600_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32655\/LIBRES.2003.1.3","article-title":"Public space, public discourse, and public libraries","volume":"13","year":"2003","journal-title":"Library and Information Science Research E-Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023030414461916600_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1108\/00220410510598562","article-title":"The public library as a meeting-place in a multicultural and digital context: the necessity of low-intensive meeting-places","volume":"61","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Documentation"},{"key":"key2023030414461916600_ref006","volume-title":"The Arcades Project","year":"1999"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023030414461916600_ref007","first-page":"8","article-title":"The role of the public library as a space for the future","volume":"36","year":"2003","journal-title":"Scandinavian Public Library Quarterly"},{"key":"key2023030414461916600_ref008","volume-title":"The Myth of the Electronic Library: Librarianship and Social Change in America","year":"1994"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023030414461916600_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7553\/83-1-1631","article-title":"Identifying the information needs of public library and information services users in Limpopo province","volume":"83","year":"2017","journal-title":"South African Journal of Libraries and Information Science"},{"key":"key2023030414461916600_ref010","volume-title":"Bristol City Council Library Strategy 2020\u20142024","author":"Bristol City Council","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023030414461916600_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1300\/J118v24n01_01","article-title":"Libraries and the decline of public purposes","volume":"24","year":"2005","journal-title":"Public Library Quarterly"},{"issue":"10","key":"key2023030414461916600_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.20634","article-title":"Democratic theory in library information science: toward an emendation","volume":"58","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology"},{"key":"key2023030414461916600_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buschman, J. and Leckie, G.J. 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