{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T21:40:16Z","timestamp":1771623616623,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,11]],"date-time":"2017-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512950400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this paper is to understand the subjects contained in the Dunhuang mural images as well as their relation structures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper performed content analysis based on Panofsky\u2019s theory and 237 research papers related to the Dunhuang mural images. UNICET software was also used to study the correlation structures of subject network.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results show that the three levels of subject have all captured the attention of Dunhuang mural researchers, the iconology occupy the critical position in the whole image study, and the correlation between iconography and iconology was strong. Further analysis reveals that cultural development, production, and power and domination have high centralities in the subject network.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>The research samples come from three major Chinese journal databases. However, there are still many authoritative monographs and foreign publications about the Dunhuang murals which are not included in this study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results uncover the subject hierarchies and structures contained in the Dunhuang murals from the angle of image scholarship which express scholars\u2019 intention and contribute to the deep semantic annotation on digital Dunhuang mural images.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/jd-03-2017-0033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,11]],"date-time":"2017-12-11T10:09:13Z","timestamp":1512986953000},"page":"333-353","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Understanding subjects contained in Dunhuang mural images for deep semantic annotation"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Xiaoguang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ningyuan","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yanyu","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"key2021041507442512600_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1093\/llc\/fqs067","article-title":"The text-image-link-editor: a tool for linking facsimiles and transcriptions, and image annotations","volume":"28","year":"2013","journal-title":"Literary & Linguistic Computing"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2021041507442512600_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1177\/016555159702300403","article-title":"Analysis of user need in image archives","volume":"23","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Information Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021041507442512600_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1108\/JD-12-2012-0157","article-title":"A framework of image use among archaeologists, architects, art historians and artists","volume":"70","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Documentation"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021041507442512600_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.23387","article-title":"Content\u2010based image retrieval methods and professional image users","volume":"67","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of the Association for Information Science & Technology"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021041507442512600_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1086\/adx.30.2.41244062","article-title":"Finding visual information: a study of image resources used by archaeologists, architects, art historians, and artists","volume":"30","year":"2011","journal-title":"Art Documentation Bulletin of the Art Libraries Society of North America"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021041507442512600_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1108\/JD-07-2013-0093","article-title":"Image descriptions and their relational expressions: a review of the literature and the issues","volume":"71","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Documentation"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021041507442512600_ref007","first-page":"235","article-title":"Panofsky and the foundations of art history","volume":"9","year":"1984","journal-title":"History of European Ideas"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021041507442512600_ref008","first-page":"101","article-title":"As we may think","volume":"176","year":"1945","journal-title":"The Atlantic Monthly"},{"key":"key2021041507442512600_ref009","unstructured":"Clarke, D. 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