{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T11:05:49Z","timestamp":1782471949322,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,10]],"date-time":"2017-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1499644800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this paper is to present a qualitative investigation into whether online textual postings, produced by undergraduate students as part of an undergraduate module, can demonstrate their information literacy (IL) capabilities as a discursive competence and socially enacted practice. It also asks whether these online postings embody power relations between students, tutors and librarians.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>Foucault\u2019s notion of discursive competence and the separate but complementary concept of practice architectures (specifically focussing on \u201csayings\u201d) devised by Lloyd were used as thematic lenses to categorise online discussion board postings from a formative online peer assessment exercise created for first-year UK undergraduate students. Online postings were the node of analysis used to identify patterns of language across online conversation. These postings were inductively analysed through manual content analysis. Subject\u2019s responses were initially categorised using open coding.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Postings appeared to embody student\u2019s discursive competence and information practice in IL, especially their level of information discernment and what constituted a quality \u201creference\u201d for an assignment. However, they also demonstrated that the notion of \u201creferences\u201d (information artefacts such as a journal article) perform a certain function in reproducing the discursive practices of an academic discipline as an agreed construct between tutor, student and librarian.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>Students were engaged in the process of becoming good scholars by using appropriate online postings to create valid arguments through assessing other\u2019s work, but what they did not do was question received meanings regarding the quality of information they used as evidence. Far from exhibiting the desired outcome of critical thinking (a cornerstone of IL) students who appeared most articulate in discussion tended to emulate the \u201cstrong discourse\u201d put forward by their tutors and librarians.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>This research uses practice architectures and discourse analysis to analyse students\u2019 IL capabilities and the context in which they are developed. An approach not employed hitherto. This has practical implications for the ways in which academics and librarians introduce students to the academic discourse of their discipline and the ways in which the production, communication and exchange of information in academic contexts is characterised.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/jd-04-2015-0048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,25]],"date-time":"2017-05-25T07:22:22Z","timestamp":1495696942000},"page":"582-594","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Information literacy"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Geoff","family":"Walton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie","family":"Cleland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2020120622131930100_ref001","volume-title":"Information Literacy: A Practitioner\u2019s Guide","year":"2005"},{"key":"key2020120622131930100_ref002","unstructured":"Andretta, S. (Ed.) (2007), Change and Challenge: IL for the 21st Century, Auslib Press, Adelaide."},{"key":"key2020120622131930100_ref003","volume-title":"Information Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education","author":"Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL): A Division of the American Library Association (ALA)","year":"2000"},{"key":"key2020120622131930100_ref004","unstructured":"Bates, M.J. (2005), \u201cAn introduction to metatheories, theories and models\u201d, in Fisher, K.E., Erdelez, S. and McKechie, L.E.F. (Eds), Theories of Information Behavior, Assist Monograph Series, Information Today, Inc, Medford, pp. 1-24."},{"key":"key2020120622131930100_ref005","volume-title":"Teaching for Quality Learning at University","year":"2003","edition":"2nd ed."},{"key":"key2020120622131930100_ref006","unstructured":"Bruce, C., Edwards, S. and Lupton, M. (2007), \u201cSix frames for information literacy: a conceptual framework for interpreting the relationship between theory and practice\u201d, in Andretta, S. (Ed.), Change and Challenge: Information Literacy for the 21st Century, Auslib Press, Adelaide, pp. 37-58."},{"key":"key2020120622131930100_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bruce, C., Somerville, M.M., Stoodley, I. and Partridge, H. (2013), \u201cDiversifying information literacy research: an informed learning perspective\u201d, in Hepworth, M. and Walton, G. (Eds), Developing People\u2019s Information Capabilities: Fostering IL in Educational, Workplace and Community Contexts, Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, Bingley, pp. 169-186.","DOI":"10.1108\/S1876-0562(2013)0000008018"},{"key":"key2020120622131930100_ref008","volume-title":"Social Research Methods","year":"2012","edition":"4th ed."},{"key":"key2020120622131930100_ref009","volume-title":"Looking for Information: A Survey of Research on Information Seeking, Needs and Behavior","year":"2012","edition":"3rd ed."},{"key":"key2020120622131930100_ref010","unstructured":"Collis, B.M. and Moon, J.C.M.M. (2005), \u201cAn on-going journey: technology as a learning workbench\u201d, available at: http:\/\/doc.utwente.nl\/50888\/ (accessed 19 February 2016)."},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120622131930100_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1177\/0961000611436096","article-title":"Information literacy in employability training: the experience of Inverclyde libraries","volume":"44","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Librarianship and Information Science"},{"key":"key2020120622131930100_ref012","volume-title":"Psychology of Learning for Instruction","year":"2005","edition":"3rd ed."},{"key":"key2020120622131930100_ref013","volume-title":"Analysing Discourse: Textual Analysis for Social Research","year":"2003"},{"key":"key2020120622131930100_ref014","unstructured":"Fisher, K.E., Erdelez, S. and McKechie, L.E.F. (Eds) (2005), Theories of Information Behavior, Assist Monograph Series, Information Today, Inc, Medford."},{"key":"key2020120622131930100_ref015","volume-title":"Archeology of Knowledge","year":"1972"},{"key":"key2020120622131930100_ref016","unstructured":"Fry, H., Ketteridge, S. and Marshall, S. (Eds) (1999), A Handbook for Teaching and Learning in Higher Education: Enhancing Academic Practice, Kogan Page, London."},{"key":"key2020120622131930100_ref017","volume-title":"E-learning in the 21st Century: A Framework for Research and Practice","year":"2003"},{"key":"key2020120622131930100_ref018","unstructured":"Given, L.M. (2005), \u201cSocial positioning\u201d, in Fisher, K.E., Erdelez, S. and McKechie, L.E.F. (Eds), Theories of Information Behavior, Assist Monograph Series, Information Today, Inc, Medford, pp. 334-338."},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120622131930100_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/14703297.2012.647780","article-title":"Loss, responsibility, blame? Staff discourses of student plagiarism","volume":"49","year":"2012","journal-title":"Innovations in Education and Teaching International"},{"issue":"8","key":"key2020120622131930100_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.20015","article-title":"A framework for understanding user requirements for an information service: defining the needs of informal carers","volume":"55","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society of Information Science and Technology"},{"key":"key2020120622131930100_ref021","volume-title":"Teaching Information Literacy for Inquiry-Based Learning","year":"2009"},{"key":"key2020120622131930100_ref022","article-title":"From inquiry to discovery: developing the student as scholar in a networked world","year":"2008"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120622131930100_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1353\/pla.2005.0041","article-title":"Librarians as disciplinary discourse mediators: using genre theory to move toward critical information literacy","volume":"5","year":"2005","journal-title":"Portal: Libraries and the Academy"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120622131930100_ref024","first-page":"107","article-title":"Discourse analysis and Foucault\u2019s \u2018archaeology of knowledge","volume":"1","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Caring Sciences"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020120622131930100_ref025","first-page":"667","article-title":"Credibility on the internet: shifting from authority to reliability","volume":"64","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Documentation"},{"key":"key2020120622131930100_ref026","unstructured":"Leaning, M. (Ed.) (2009), Issues in Information and Media Literacy: Criticism, History and Policy, Informing Science Press, Santa Rosa, CA."},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120622131930100_ref027","first-page":"93","article-title":"Three theoretical perspectives on information literacy","volume":"11","year":"2012","journal-title":"Human IT"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2020120622131930100_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1108\/00220411211277037","article-title":"Information literacy as a socially enacted practice: sensitising themes for an emerging perspective of people-in-practice","volume":"68","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Documentation"},{"key":"key2020120622131930100_ref029","unstructured":"Markless, S. and Streatfield, D.A. (2007), \u201cThree decades of information literacy: redefining the parameters\u201d, in Andretta, S. (Ed.), Change and Challenge: Information Literacy for the 21st Century, Auslib Press, Adelaide, pp. 15-36."},{"key":"key2020120622131930100_ref030","unstructured":"Mayes, T. and de Freitas, S. (2007), \u201cLearning and e-learning: the role of theory\u201d, in Beetham, H. and Sharpe, R. (Eds), Rethinking Pedagogy for a Digital Age. Designing and Delivering E-learning, Routledge, London, pp. 13-25."},{"key":"key2020120622131930100_ref050","volume-title":"Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook","year":"1994","edition":"2nd ed."},{"key":"key2020120622131930100_ref031","unstructured":"Obama, B. (2009), \u201cNational information literacy awareness month, 2009\u201d, By the President of the United States of America, A Proclamation, available at: www.whitehouse.gov\/assets\/documents\/2009literacy_prc_rel.pdf (accessed 15 August 2013)."},{"key":"key2020120622131930100_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olsson, M. (2010), \u201cMichel Foucault: discourse, power\/knowledge and the battle for truth\u201d, in Leckie, G.J., Given, L.M. and Buschamen, J. (Eds), Critical Theory for Library and Information Science: Exploring the Social from across the Disciplines, Libraries Unlimited, Santa Barbara, CA, pp. 63-74.","DOI":"10.5040\/9798400634420.ch-006"},{"key":"key2020120622131930100_ref033","volume-title":"Discourse Analysis: An Introduction","year":"2006"},{"key":"key2020120622131930100_ref034","volume-title":"The Lecturer\u2019s Tool Kit: A Resource for Developing Learning, Teaching and Assessment","year":"2001","edition":"2nd ed."},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120622131930100_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1108\/00907320810851998","article-title":"Comparison of Wikipedia and other encyclopedias for accuracy, breadth and depth in historical articles","volume":"36","year":"2008","journal-title":"Reference Services Review"},{"key":"key2020120622131930100_ref036","volume-title":"Real World Research","year":"2002","edition":"2nd ed."},{"key":"key2020120622131930100_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Secker, J. and Coonan, M. (Eds) (2013), Rethinking Information Literacy: A Practical Framework for Teaching, Facet, London.","DOI":"10.29085\/9781856049528"},{"key":"key2020120622131930100_ref038","volume-title":"Evaluating Online Information Sources","year":"2014"},{"key":"key2020120622131930100_ref039","volume-title":"A New Model of Teaching and Training","year":"1994"},{"key":"key2020120622131930100_ref040","unstructured":"Tuominen, K., Talja, S. and Savolainen, R. (2005), \u201cThe social constructionist viewpoint of information practices\u201d, in Fisher, K.E., Erdelez, S. and McKechie, L.E.F. (Eds), Theories of Information Behavior, Assist Monograph Series, Information Today, Inc, Medford, pp. 328-333."},{"key":"key2020120622131930100_ref041","volume-title":"Introducing Social Semiotics","year":"2005"},{"key":"key2020120622131930100_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-03919-0_49","article-title":"Online conversation: information literacy as discourse between peers","volume":"397","year":"2013","journal-title":"Communications in Computer and Information Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120622131930100_ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1108\/00220411111124541","article-title":"A longitudinal study of changes in learners\u2019 cognitive states during and following an information literacy teaching intervention","volume":"67","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Documentation"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120622131930100_ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1177\/0961000611434999","article-title":"Using assignment data to analyse a blended information literacy intervention: a quantitative approach","volume":"45","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Librarianship and Information Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120622131930100_ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1108\/00907320910982758","article-title":"Wikipedia: friend or foe?","volume":"37","year":"2009","journal-title":"Reference Services Review"},{"key":"key2020120622131930100_ref051","first-page":"187","article-title":"Information literacy and noopolitics","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infiltrating the Agenda, Challenging Minds"},{"key":"key2020120622131930100_ref046","volume-title":"Radical Information Literacy: Reclaiming the Political Heart of the Information Literacy Movement","year":"2014"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120622131930100_ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1108\/EUM0000000007145","article-title":"Models in information behaviour research","volume":"55","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Documentation"},{"key":"key2020120622131930100_ref048","unstructured":"Hepworth, M. and Walton, G. (Eds) (2013), \u201cIntroduction \u2013 information literacy and information behaviour, complementary approaches for building capability\u201d, in Hepworth, M. and Walton, G. (Eds), Developing People\u2019s Information Capabilities: Fostering IL in Educational, Workplace and Community Contexts, Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, Bingley, pp. 1-11."},{"key":"key2020120622131930100_ref049","volume-title":"E-Learning Groups and Communities","year":"2006"}],"container-title":["Journal of Documentation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/JD-04-2015-0048\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/JD-04-2015-0048\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T22:33:46Z","timestamp":1753396426000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/jd\/article\/73\/4\/582-594\/197195"}},"subtitle":["Empowerment or reproduction in practice? A discourse analysis approach"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,10]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/JD-04-2015-0048"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/jd-04-2015-0048","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0418"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0418","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,10]]}}}