{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T22:21:22Z","timestamp":1767046882698,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,12]],"date-time":"2016-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1473638400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Arts-informed, visual research was conducted to document the pictorial metaphors that appear among original drawings of information. The purpose of this paper is to report the diversity of these pictorial metaphors, delineate their formal qualities as drawings, and provide a fresh perspective on the concept of information.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The project utilized pre-existing iSquare drawings of information that were produced by iSchool graduate students during a draw-and-write activity. From a data set of 417 images, 125 of the strongest pictorial metaphors were identified and subjected to cognitive metaphor theory.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Overwhelmingly, the favored source domain for envisioning information was nature. The most common pictorial metaphors were: Earth, web, tree, light bulb, box, cloud, and fishing\/mining, and each brings different qualities of information into focus. The drawings were often canonical versions of objects in the world, leading to arrays of pictorial metaphors marked by their similarity.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Less than 30 percent of the data set qualified as pictorial metaphors, making them a minority strategy for representing information as an image. The process to identify and interpret pictorial metaphors was highly subjective. The arts-informed methodology generated tensions between artistic and social scientific paradigms.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The pictorial metaphors for information can enhance information science education and fortify professional identity among information professionals.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This is the first arts-informed, visual study of information that utilizes cognitive metaphor theory to explore the nature of information. It strengthens a sense of history, humanity, nature, and beauty in our understanding of information today, and contributes to metaphor research at large.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/jd-07-2015-0080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,9]],"date-time":"2016-09-09T08:52:49Z","timestamp":1473411169000},"page":"794-812","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Pictorial metaphors for information"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Jenna","family":"Hartel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reijo","family":"Savolainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"key2019091810453709900_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1108\/eb024320","article-title":"The design of browsing and berrypicking techniques for the online search interface","volume":"13","year":"1989","journal-title":"Online Review"},{"issue":"12","key":"key2019091810453709900_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:12<1043::AID-ASI1>3.0.CO;2-X","article-title":"The Invisible substrate of information science","volume":"50","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science"},{"key":"key2019091810453709900_ref003","unstructured":"Bates, M.J. 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