{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T16:56:16Z","timestamp":1776963376635,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]],"date-time":"2021-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618185600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this article, the ideas and methods behind the \u201cpatent-paper citation\u201d are scrutinised by following the intellectual and technical development of approaches and ideas in early work on patentometrics. The aim is to study how references from patents to papers came to play a crucial role in establishing a link between science and technology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study comprises a conceptual history of the \u201cpatent paper citation\u201d and its emergence as an important indicator of science and technology interaction. By tracing key references in the field, it analyses the overarching frameworks and ideas, the conceptual \u201chinterland\u201d, in which the approach of studying patent references emerged.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The analysis explains how interest in patents \u2013 not only as legal and economic artefacts but also as scientific documents \u2013 became evident in the 1980s. The focus on patent citations was sparked by a need for relevant and objective indicators and by the greater availability of databases and methods. Yet, the development of patentometrics also relied on earlier research, and established theories, on the relation between science and technology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is the first attempt at situating patentometrics in a larger societal and scientific context. The paper offers a reflexive and nuanced analysis of the \u201cpatent-paper citation\u201d as a theoretical and historical construct, and it calls for a broader and contextualised understanding of patent references, including their social, legal and rhetorical function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/jd-12-2020-0218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]],"date-time":"2021-04-09T03:24:50Z","timestamp":1617938690000},"page":"1413-1429","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Linking science to technology: the \u201cpatent paper citation\u201d and the rise of patentometrics in the 1980s"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1504-8395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Hammarfelt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"key2021100818411327200_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1108\/00220410810844150","article-title":"What do citation counts measure? 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