{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T08:39:12Z","timestamp":1773909552042,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]],"date-time":"2022-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650844800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study is to describe the full picture of how public libraries contribute to overcoming social division through their resources, programming and services.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic literature review and analysis was conducted. Literature was collected from LISA and LISTA, two primary databases of library and information science literature. Through individual analyses and discussion among researchers, data from 47 documents were analyzed and classified into three categories: \u201cdigital\u201d, \u201ceconomic\u201d and \u201cdemographic\u201d divisions. Examples from the literature were used to illustrate how public libraries impact social division in each of these categories.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The three categories reveal that public libraries contribute to overcoming social division by reducing inequality and promoting interaction among citizens. This is done by addressing digital, economic and demographic divisions within society.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study is the first to summarize in a comprehensive way how public libraries contribute to reducing social division. By classifying how public libraries address this important social issue, this study contributes to the literature about how social division can be overcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/jd-12-2021-0244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,22]],"date-time":"2022-04-22T08:37:52Z","timestamp":1650616672000},"page":"52-65","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Overcoming social divisions with the public library"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"79","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2917-4229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomoya","family":"Igarashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5534-2919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masanori","family":"Koizumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7743-0605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael Majewski","family":"Widdersheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1177\/0961000605057855","article-title":"The role and value of public libraries in the age of digital technologies","volume":"37","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Librarianship and Information Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1080\/01616840802114853","article-title":"Public library services to underrepresented groups: poor and unemployed, emphasizing Danville, Virginia","volume":"27","year":"2008","journal-title":"Public Library Quarterly"},{"key":"key2023012512322235300_ref003","volume-title":"The Migrant Pay Gap: Understanding Wage Differences between Migrants and Nationals","year":"2020"},{"key":"key2023012512322235300_ref004","volume-title":"Translocational Belongings Intersectional Dilemmas and Social Inequalities","year":"2020"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1108\/00220410510598562","article-title":"The public library as a meeting-place in a multicultural and digital context: the\u00a0necessity of low-intensive meeting-places","volume":"61","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Documentation"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref006","article-title":"Public libraries, social capital, and low intensive meeting places","volume":"12","year":"2007","journal-title":"Information Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lisr.2011.01.003","article-title":"Public libraries: a meeting place for immigrant women?","volume":"33","year":"2011","journal-title":"Library and Information Science Research"},{"key":"key2023012512322235300_ref008","first-page":"117","volume-title":"\u201cBooks for All\u201d, Library: An Unquiet History","year":"2003"},{"issue":"8","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1108\/00242530810899568","article-title":"The public library, exclusion and empathy: a literature review","volume":"57","year":"2008","journal-title":"Library Review"},{"key":"key2023012512322235300_ref010","first-page":"45","volume-title":"\u201cThe Utilitarian Flywheel\u201d, A New History of the English Public Library: Social and Intellectual Contexts, 1850\u20131914","year":"1996"},{"key":"key2023012512322235300_ref011","volume-title":"Stratification: Social Division and Inequality","year":"2005"},{"key":"key2023012512322235300_ref012","unstructured":"(2007), in Buschman, J.E. and Leckie, G.J. (Eds), The Library as Place: History, Community, and Culture, Libraries Unlimited, Westport."},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.22452\/mjlis.vol22no1.4","article-title":"Public library as a place and breeding ground of social capital: a case of Singang Library","volume":"22","year":"2017","journal-title":"Malaysian Journal of Library and Information Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1080\/00049670.2015.1015209","article-title":"Community building through a public library minecraft gaming day","volume":"64","year":"2015","journal-title":"Australian Library Journal"},{"key":"key2023012512322235300_ref015","volume-title":"The Complacent Class: The Self-Defeating Quest for the American Dream","year":"2017"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1080\/13510347.2020.1807517","article-title":"Democratic regression in comparative perspective: scope, methods, and causes","volume":"28","year":"2020","journal-title":"Democratization"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1515\/LIBR.2001.183","article-title":"The public library, social exclusion an the information society in the United Kingdom","volume":"51","year":"2001","journal-title":"Libri"},{"issue":"1198\/1199","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1108\/03074800410526767","article-title":"Public libraries in a multicultural space: a case study of integration processes in local communities","volume":"105","year":"2004","journal-title":"New Library World"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1080\/01616846.2019.1662756","article-title":"Evaluating a public library makerspace","volume":"39","year":"2020","journal-title":"Public Library Quarterly"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1108\/00242531311328140","article-title":"What kind of services supply to the poor? A survey directed toward homeless","volume":"62","year":"2013","journal-title":"Library Review"},{"key":"key2023012512322235300_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","volume-title":"Social Divisions and Later Life: Difference, Diversity and Inequality","year":"2020","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctv105bc51"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1177\/0961000607083215","article-title":"Can Scottish public library services claim they are socially inclusive of\u00a0all minority groups when lesbian fiction is still so inaccessible?","volume":"39","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Librarianship and Information Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.3145\/epi.2017.ene.03","article-title":"Social and digital empowerment of vulnerable library users of the Murcia Regional Library, Spain","volume":"26","year":"2017","journal-title":"El Profesional de La Informaci\u00f3n"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-1842.2009.00848.x","article-title":"A typology of reviews: an analysis of 14 review types and associated methodologies","volume":"26","year":"2009","journal-title":"Health Information & Libraries Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1080\/01616846.2015.1069684","article-title":"Library card campaigns and sustaining service: how do public libraries\u00a0best serve poor children?","volume":"34","year":"2015","journal-title":"Public Library Quarterly"},{"key":"key2023012512322235300_ref026","unstructured":"IFLA (1994), \u201cIFLA\/UNESCO public library manifesto 1994\u201d, available at: https:\/\/www.ifla.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/assets\/public-libraries\/publications\/PL-manifesto\/pl-manifesto-en.pdf (accessed 23 October 2021)."},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/01616846.2012.654728","article-title":"The intersection of public policy and public access: digital divides, digital literacy, digital inclusion, and public libraries","volume":"31","year":"2012","journal-title":"Public Library Quarterly"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1177\/0961000616631613","article-title":"The use of conversation-based programming in public libraries to support integration in increasingly multiethnic societies","volume":"50","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Librarianship and Information Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1177\/0961000617742459","article-title":"Friendship potential: conversation-based programming and immigrant integration","volume":"51","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Librarianship and Information Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1177\/0961000617709056","article-title":"Supporting immigrants\u2019 political integration through discussion and debate in public libraries","volume":"51","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Librarianship and Information Science"},{"issue":"3\/4","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1108\/03074800510587345","article-title":"The gate to understanding: Swedish libraries and immigrants","volume":"106","year":"2005","journal-title":"New Library World"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1515\/libr.1998.48.1.1","article-title":"Reviewing the literature on public libraries and social inclusion","volume":"48","year":"1998","journal-title":"Libri"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1080\/01616841003779718","article-title":"The internet, public libraries, and the digital divide","volume":"29","year":"2010","journal-title":"Public Library Quarterly"},{"key":"key2023012512322235300_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/09610006211069673","article-title":"Democratic librarianship in the Nordic model","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Librarianship and Information Science"},{"issue":"47","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref035","first-page":"51","article-title":"Equal access as social equity: a literature review of programming and services in public libraries","year":"2019","journal-title":"Progressive Librarian"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1300\/J118v23n03_13","article-title":"Summer reading and the potential contribution of the public library in improving reading for children of poverty","volume":"23","year":"2004","journal-title":"Public Library Quarterly"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1108\/JD-12-2016-0148","article-title":"Archives, libraries and museums in the Nordic model of the public sphere","volume":"74","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Documentation"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1080\/01616846.2018.1471964","article-title":"The use of information and communication technologies in public libraries in South Africa as tools for bridging the digital divide: the case of the Kempton\u00a0Park public library","volume":"37","year":"2018","journal-title":"Public Library Quarterly"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1108\/LHT-04-2018-0056","article-title":"Social inclusion and social capital of the Shanghai Library\u00a0as\u00a0a\u00a0community place for self-improvement","volume":"37","year":"2019","journal-title":"Library Hi Tech"},{"key":"key2023012512322235300_ref040","volume-title":"Social Inequality: Patterns and Processes","year":"2014","edition":"6th ed."},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2019.102129","article-title":"Scenarios of technology use to promote community engagement: overcoming marginalization and bridging digital divides in the Southern and Central Appalachian rural libraries","volume":"57","year":"2020","journal-title":"Information Processing and Management"},{"key":"key2023012512322235300_ref042","volume-title":"Generation Left","year":"2019"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1515\/libri-2014-0025","article-title":"A comparative study of public libraries in Edinburgh and Copenhagen and their potential for social capital creation","volume":"64","year":"2014","journal-title":"Libri"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.25159\/0027-2639\/2155","article-title":"Users\u2019 perspectives on computers and internet services offered by public libraries in bridging the digital divide in Ngaka Modiri Molema district","volume":"35","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mousaion"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1080\/01616846.2019.1622980","article-title":"The internet access and use in public libraries in Limpopo Province, South Africa","volume":"39","year":"2020","journal-title":"Public Library Quarterly"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1108\/00242531311328113","article-title":"Public libraries and difficulties with targeting the homeless","volume":"62","year":"2013","journal-title":"Library Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.17821\/srels\/2017\/v54i3\/109562","article-title":"An examination of the role of public libraries addressing social inclusion in India","volume":"54","year":"2017","journal-title":"SRELS Journal of Information Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1080\/01616840802122443","article-title":"Multicultural libraries\u2019 services and social integration: the case of public libraries in Montreal Canada","volume":"27","year":"2008","journal-title":"Public Library Quarterly"},{"key":"key2023012512322235300_ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Payne, G. (2006), \u201cSocial divisions as a sociological perspective\u201d, in Payne, G. (Ed.), Social Divisions, 2nd ed., Palgrave Macmillan, New York, pp. 347-359.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-137-08868-0_15"},{"key":"key2023012512322235300_ref050","volume-title":"Capital in the Twenty-FirstCentury","year":"2014"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref051","article-title":"Understanding the roles of public libraries and digital exclusion through critical race theory: an exploratory study of people of color in California affected by the digital divide and the pandemic","volume":"26","year":"2021","journal-title":"Urban Library Journal"},{"key":"key2023012512322235300_ref052","volume-title":"Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy","year":"1993"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref053","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1080\/01616846.2021.1938918","article-title":"Bridging digital divides during COVID-19: findings from the 2020-2021 Connecticut state library digital inclusion survey","volume":"40","year":"2021","journal-title":"Public Library Quarterly"},{"key":"key2023012512322235300_ref054","volume-title":"Beyond Outrage\u202f: What Has Gone Wrong with Our Economy and Our Democracy, and How to Fix it","year":"2012"},{"issue":"123","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.29173\/lirg715","article-title":"Between digital inclusion and social equality: the role of public libraries in Newcastle upon Tyne","volume":"40","year":"2016","journal-title":"Library and Information Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1080\/01616846.2011.625604","article-title":"Strategies that public libraries use to build communities","volume":"30","year":"2011","journal-title":"Public Library Quarterly"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref057","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1080\/01616846.2011.599283","article-title":"The role of public libraries in community building","volume":"30","year":"2011","journal-title":"Public Library Quarterly"},{"issue":"1\/2","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref058","first-page":"77","article-title":"The dilemma of urban library service for the homeless","volume":"26","year":"2002","journal-title":"Current Studies in Librarianship"},{"key":"key2023012512322235300_ref059","first-page":"1629","volume-title":"Foundations of the Public Library: The Origins of the Public Library Movement in New England","year":"1949"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref060","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1515\/libr.2011.005","article-title":"Poverty, social exclusion, and the potential of South African public libraries and community centres","volume":"61","year":"2011","journal-title":"Libri"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref061","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1080\/01616846.2018.1460568","article-title":"Diversity, inclusion & respect: embedding Indigenous priorities in\u00a0public library services","volume":"37","year":"2018","journal-title":"Public Library Quarterly"},{"issue":"9","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1108\/01435120010347955","article-title":"Embracing inclusion: the critical role of the library","volume":"21","year":"2000","journal-title":"Library Management"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref063","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1108\/03074801011027655","article-title":"\u2018Why should the library collect immigrants\u2019\u2019 memories?\u201d: a study of a multicultural memory group at a public library in Oslo\u2019","volume":"111","year":"2010","journal-title":"New Library World"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1108\/07378830910988504","article-title":"Public libraries: places creating social capital?","volume":"27","year":"2009","journal-title":"Library Hi Tech"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lisr.2010.04.005","article-title":"Gracious space: library programming strategies towards immigrants as tools in the creation of social capital","volume":"33","year":"2011","journal-title":"Library and Information Science Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref066","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1177\/0961000614523636","article-title":"Trust and the role of the public library in the integration of refugees: the case of a Northern Norwegian city","volume":"46","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Librarianship and Information Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1108\/00220410810912433","article-title":"Do libraries matter? Public libraries and the creation of social capital","volume":"64","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Documentation"},{"issue":"1\/2","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref068","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1108\/NLW-05-2014-0060","article-title":"A systematic literature review informing library and information professionals' emerging roles","volume":"116","year":"2015","journal-title":"New Library World"},{"key":"key2023012512322235300_ref069","volume-title":"Part of Our Lives\u202f:A People\u2019s History of the American Public Library","year":"2015"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref070","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1108\/LM-10-2020-0139","article-title":"The role of public libraries in the development of social capital in\u00a0local\u00a0communities \u2013 a theoretical study","volume":"42","year":"2021","journal-title":"Library Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023012512322235300_ref071","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1080\/15367960902908599","article-title":"Homelessness in public libraries","volume":"6","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Access Services"},{"key":"key2023012512322235300_ref072","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-96957-8_2","article-title":"Analysis of the dynamics among state libraries, local libraries, and citizens in the United States","year":"2022"}],"container-title":["Journal of Documentation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/JD-12-2021-0244\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/JD-12-2021-0244\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T22:35:39Z","timestamp":1753396539000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/jd\/article\/79\/1\/52-65\/202943"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/JD-12-2021-0244"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/jd-12-2021-0244","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0418"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0418","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]]}}}