{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T23:27:07Z","timestamp":1785367627240,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,4]],"date-time":"2019-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JEIM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) require regular generation of information determining what employees want from their institution and their real feelings about their jobs. Internal marketing (IM) can be a significantly valuable source of generating such information for HEIs to assess perceptions about institutions\u2019 initiatives pertinent to their staff members. However, there has been a significantly limited research to operationalize IM in HEIs. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to develop and validate a multi-dimensional instrument for measuring IM in the HEIs in China and to assess the impact of IM on university performance.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The research used methodological triangulation that involved both qualitative and quantitative methodologies. The qualitative technique was used to generate scale items to measure IM and the quantitative technique was utilized to test and validate the scale. The study sample included 576 academics and administration staff from universities in China.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The study found that IM has six dimensions, namely internal communications, training and development, interrelations, motivation, rewards and work support. The study also found a significant impact of IM on university performance.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The sample size used was taken from a single province, which can ultimately limit the generalizability of the results. The scale shall be tested in a different cultural setting to extend its generalizability. In comparison with previous studies, the results of the current study provide a more absolute coverage and understanding of various dimensions used in measuring IM in HEIs. Furthermore, this research can provide a context for the management to develop policies that could foster positive employee and organizational outcomes in HEIs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This reliable and valid six-dimensional scale offers a practical way to measure staff perceptions of IM that are key for HEIs to be judged as staff-centered organization. Based on the knowledge, HEIs can use the information to identify the areas in which they are lacking and can further improve. IM scale can significantly help the HEIs to communicate to the staff members their service mindedness and staff orientation. IM can help foster knowledge management in organizations by utilizing IM, thereby contributing to the professional and organizational interaction.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Despite the focus on IM in existing literature, there is a significant lack of research on IM in the education sector. This study developed a simple and practical instrument to measure the IM construct in HEIs. Scholars have asked for context-specific measures of IM and with significantly limited research on IM in higher education, there is also a scarcity of research in the context of higher education in China. This is the first study to assess the multi-dimensionality of IM in HEIs and the impact of IM on organizational performance in Chinese higher education.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/jeim-09-2018-0206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,21]],"date-time":"2019-05-21T04:31:27Z","timestamp":1558413087000},"page":"413-435","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Development and validation of a multidimensional instrument for measuring internal marketing in Chinese higher education"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5271-4062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Umar Farooq","family":"Sahibzada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cai","family":"Jianfeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6400-1908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fawad","family":"Latif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahid","family":"Shafait","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref001","first-page":"147","article-title":"The effect of internal marketing on organizational commitment from market-orientation viewpoint in hotel industry in Iran","volume":"3","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Marketing Studies"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref002","first-page":"82","article-title":"Impact of internal marketing on job satisfaction and organizational commitment: a study of teaching hospitals in Saudi Arabia","volume":"1","year":"2012","journal-title":"Business and Management Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref003","first-page":"859","article-title":"Knowledge management: a gateway for organizational performance","volume":"8","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of the Knowledge Economy"},{"issue":"9","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1108\/03090560310498813","article-title":"Internal marketing issues and challenges","volume":"37","year":"2003","journal-title":"European Journal of Marketing"},{"issue":"9","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1108\/03090560310486960","article-title":"Internal marketing and the mediating role of organisational competencies","volume":"37","year":"2003","journal-title":"European Journal of Marketing"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1108\/BL-08-2017-0021","article-title":"Why leadership style matters: a closer look at transformational leadership and internal marketing","volume":"30","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Bottom Line"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1108\/02634501311324834","article-title":"Internal marketing and service quality in restaurants","volume":"31","year":"2013","journal-title":"Marketing Intelligence & Planning"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1108\/JEIM-09-2017-0129","article-title":"Knowledge sharing in higher education institutions: a systematic review","volume":"31","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Enterprise Information Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1177\/1938965510370742","article-title":"Internal relationship marketing: Korean casino employees\u2019 job satisfaction and organizational commitment","volume":"52","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cornell Hospitality Quarterly"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref011","first-page":"33","article-title":"The employee as customer","volume":"3","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of Retail Banking"},{"key":"key2020092313381799500_ref010","volume-title":"Marketing Services: Competing Through Quality","year":"2004"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1108\/09564239610149939","article-title":"Quality perceptions in the financial services sector: the potential impact of internal marketing","volume":"7","year":"1996","journal-title":"International Journal of Service Industry Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02944318","article-title":"The impact of internal marketing to market orientation concept and their effects to bank performance","volume":"5","year":"2005","journal-title":"Operational Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1300\/J090v21n02_08","article-title":"Information-based analysis of service quality gaps\u2013managing service quality by internal marketing","volume":"21","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Professional Services Marketing"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1108\/08876040910973459","article-title":"Insights into the Indian call centre industry: can internal marketing help tackle high employee turnover?","volume":"23","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Services Marketing"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2008.04844.x","article-title":"Perceptions of internal marketing and organizational commitment by nurses","volume":"65","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Nursing"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref017","first-page":"1099","article-title":"Big data academic and learning analytics: connecting the dots for academic excellence in higher education","volume":"32","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Educational Management"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1080\/14783363.2014.935567","article-title":"The impact of customer relationship management and internal marketing on business performance: a comparison of lodging industries","volume":"27","year":"2016","journal-title":"Total Quality Management & Business Excellence"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref019","first-page":"45","article-title":"Applying importance-performance analysis for improving internal marketing of hospital management in Taiwan","volume":"6","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Business Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1177\/002194369303000101","article-title":"Employee perceptions of the relationship between communication and productivity: a field study","volume":"30","year":"1993","journal-title":"The Journal of Business Communication (1973)"},{"key":"key2020092313381799500_ref021","unstructured":"Compton, F.F. (1987), \u201cInternal marketing of marketing\u201d, in Czepiel, J.A., Con-Gram, C.A. and Shanahan, J.B. (Eds), The Services Challenge, Integrating for Competitive Advantage, Chicago IL, pp. 7-12."},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0148-2963(99)00044-2","article-title":"How critical is internal customer orientation to market orientation? 1","volume":"51","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"issue":"8","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref023","first-page":"188","article-title":"The organizational attractiveness and job satisfaction of instructors of physical education and sports who works in different regions","volume":"3","year":"2017","journal-title":"European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1080\/02642069.2017.1309391","article-title":"Predicting market orientation through internal market orientation as culture and behaviour: an empirical application in Spanish hotels","volume":"37","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Service Industries Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1057\/kmrp.2013.36","article-title":"An empirical study on the relationships between knowledge management, knowledge-oriented human resource practices and innovation","volume":"13","year":"2015","journal-title":"Knowledge Management Research & Practice"},{"issue":"9","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1080\/03075079.2011.619656","article-title":"The tension between marketisation and academisation in higher education","volume":"38","year":"2013","journal-title":"Studies in Higher Education"},{"issue":"11","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.3844\/ajassp.2008.1480.1486","article-title":"The effect of internal marketing on organizational commitment in Iranian banks","volume":"5","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Appliced Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref028","first-page":"49","article-title":"Learning to profit from experience","year":"1994","journal-title":"Management Consultancy"},{"issue":"8","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1080\/0267257X.1995.9964388","article-title":"Internal marketing: concepts, measurement and application","volume":"11","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1179\/2047971915Y.0000000014","article-title":"Internal marketing: a pathway for healthcare facilities to improve the patient experience","volume":"9","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Healthcare Management"},{"issue":"7","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref031","first-page":"49","article-title":"The influence of internal marketing by airlines on customer-oriented behavior: a test of the mediating effect of emotional labor","volume":"32","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Air Transport Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1108\/13673271311300831","article-title":"Knowledge sharing amongst academics in UK universities","volume":"17","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Knowledge Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/0148-2963(90)90043-D","article-title":"Internal marketing and organizational behavior: a partnership in developing customer-conscious employees at every level","volume":"20","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"key":"key2020092313381799500_ref034","first-page":"97","article-title":"Effect of internal marketing adoption on the performance of the commercial banks in Egypt","volume-title":"World Journal of Social Sciences","year":"2014"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1108\/09564230810875039","article-title":"Antecedents of internal marketing practice: some preliminary empirical evidence","volume":"19","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Service Industry Management"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2005.10.003","article-title":"Internal-market orientation and its measurement","volume":"59","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-6486.00051","article-title":"Multiple stakeholder orientation in UK companies and the implications for company performance","volume":"34","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Management Studies"},{"key":"key2020092313381799500_ref038","volume-title":"Service Management and Marketing: A Customer Relationship Management Approach","year":"2000","edition":"2nd ed."},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1080\/03075079.2014.942274","article-title":"The relationship between classroom assessment and undergraduates\u2019 learning within Chinese higher education system","volume":"41","year":"2016","journal-title":"Studies in Higher Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1108\/JEIM-03-2016-0074","article-title":"Users\u2019 perceptions of e-learning environments and services effectiveness: the emergence of the concept functionality model","volume":"31","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Enterprise Information Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1108\/02635570910926618","article-title":"The relationship between knowledge management enablers and performance","volume":"109","year":"2009","journal-title":"Industrial Management & Data Systems"},{"issue":"6\/7","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1108\/JSM-03-2015-0112","article-title":"A holistic management tool for measuring internal marketing activities","volume":"29","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Services Marketing"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1080\/10495142.2014.934567","article-title":"The critical role of internal marketing in knowledge management in not-for-profit organizations","volume":"27","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref044","first-page":"36","article-title":"From knowledge management to organizational performance: modelling the mediating role of innovation and intellectual capital in higher education","volume":"32","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Enterprise Information Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1108\/15982681111187128","article-title":"Conceptualizing service quality in higher education","volume":"12","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asian Journal on Quality"},{"key":"key2020092313381799500_ref046","volume-title":"Performance Indicators in Higher Education: UK Universities (Society for Research into Higher Education)","year":"1990"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1108\/09544789910298852","article-title":"Quality concepts in education","volume":"11","year":"1999","journal-title":"The TQM Magazine"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref048","first-page":"66","article-title":"Development of an instrument to measure internal marketing concept","volume":"13","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Management and Entrepreneurship"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1177\/0972262912460188","article-title":"Impact of market orientation on business performance: role of employee satisfaction and customer satisfaction","volume":"16","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vision"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1108\/IJBM-06-2015-0083","article-title":"Internal marketing, employee job satisfaction, and perceived organizational performance in microfinance institutions","volume":"34","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Bank Marketing"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1108\/09604520910984391","article-title":"Internal market orientation in Indian banking: an empirical analysis","volume":"19","year":"2009","journal-title":"Managing Service Quality: An International Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1177\/0972262915597088","article-title":"Internal marketing: scale development and validation","volume":"19","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vision"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1080\/15256480.2015.1090247","article-title":"Effect of internal marketing on hotels: empirical evidence for internal customers","volume":"16","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-017-1794-y","article-title":"The development and validation of stakeholder-based scale for measuring university social responsibility (USR)","volume":"140","year":"2018","journal-title":"Social Indicators Research"},{"key":"key2020092313381799500_ref056","first-page":"1","article-title":"In search of quality: measuring higher education service quality (HiEduQual)","year":"2017","journal-title":"Total Quality Management & Business Excellence"},{"key":"key2020092313381799500_ref057","volume-title":"The Sage Encyclopedia of Social Science Research Methods","year":"2003"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/S0148-2963(02)00274-6","article-title":"Internal market orientation: construct and consequences","volume":"57","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1177\/1094670504271154","article-title":"Measuring internal market orientation","volume":"7","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Service Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1080\/09652540802619251","article-title":"The impact of internal and external market orientations on firm performance","volume":"17","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Strategic Marketing"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1108\/09564231011050788","article-title":"Internal market orientation and market-oriented behaviours","volume":"21","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Service Management"},{"key":"key2020092313381799500_ref062","article-title":"Investigating EFL teachers\u2019 perceptions of task-based language teaching in higher education in China","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Language Learning Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1080\/03050068.2015.1125613","article-title":"The concept of greater China in higher education: adoptions, dynamics and implications","volume":"52","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comparative Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref064","first-page":"274","article-title":"Issues in implementing ERP: a case study","volume":"146","year":"2003","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1108\/JEIM-09-2015-0087","article-title":"The impact of knowledge management on job performance in higher education: the case of the University of Jordan","volume":"30","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Enterprise Information Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref066","first-page":"120","article-title":"Approaches to qualitative-quantitative methodological triangulation","volume":"40","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nursing Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1108\/JEIM-06-2016-0104","article-title":"Quality assurance as a driver of information management strategy: stakeholders\u2019 perspectives in higher education","volume":"30","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Enterprise Information Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1108\/VJIKMS-06-2016-0036","article-title":"Exploring the challenges, trends and issues for knowledge sharing: a study on employees in public sector universities","volume":"47","year":"2017","journal-title":"VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1057\/fsm.2012.22","article-title":"Internal marketing and employee commitment: evidence from the Ghanaian banking industry","volume":"17","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Financial Services Marketing"},{"issue":"9","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1108\/0390560310486951","article-title":"Identifying the determinants of internal marketing orientation","volume":"37","year":"2003","journal-title":"European Journal of Marketing"},{"issue":"10","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1108\/MRR-09-2015-0214","article-title":"The impact of knowledge management on innovation: an empirical study on Jordanian consultancy firms","volume":"39","year":"2016","journal-title":"Management Research Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1080\/0965254X.2016.1211729","article-title":"Exploring the locus of internal marketing","volume":"26","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Strategic Marketing"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1108\/09513559610124487","article-title":"Linking external and internal relationship building in networks of public and private sector organizations: a case study","volume":"9","year":"1996","journal-title":"International Journal of Public Sector Management"},{"issue":"10","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12761","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph121012761","article-title":"Factors associated with job satisfaction among university teachers in northeastern region of China: a cross-sectional study","volume":"12","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1108\/JEIM-08-2017-0114","article-title":"Supply chain collaboration and firm\u2019s performance: the critical role of information sharing and trust","volume":"31","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Enterprise Information Management"},{"issue":"7","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1108\/09590550910964620","article-title":"Internal marketing impact on business performance in a retail context","volume":"37","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1080\/14783363.2012.647846","article-title":"Internal marketing and the moderating role of employees: an exploratory study","volume":"23","year":"2012","journal-title":"Total Quality Management & Business Excellence"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1002\/mar.21095","article-title":"Internal marketing, employee customer-oriented behaviors, and customer behavioral responses","volume":"35","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychology & Marketing"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref080","first-page":"26","article-title":"Employee empowerment. a tactical approach","volume":"33","year":"1994","journal-title":"Quality"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref081","first-page":"75","article-title":"Internal marketing and the antecedents of nurse satisfaction and loyalty","volume":"23","year":"2008","journal-title":"Health Marketing Quarterly"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1108\/IJCTHR-03-2016-0024","article-title":"Linking internal marketing orientation to balanced scorecard outcomes in small businesses: the case of travel agencies","volume":"11","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref083","first-page":"134","article-title":"Evaluate the effect of internal marketing on employees behavior","volume":"16","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tate.2006.11.013","article-title":"The effect of pedagogical training on teaching in higher education","volume":"23","year":"2007","journal-title":"Teaching and Teacher Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1080\/14783360802622805","article-title":"Service quality in higher education","volume":"20","year":"2009","journal-title":"Total Quality Management"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1108\/08876040010347589","article-title":"Advances in the internal marketing concept: definition, synthesis and extension","volume":"14","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Services Marketing"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref087","first-page":"16","article-title":"Internal marketing of the patent information team in the corporate environment","volume":"36","year":"2014","journal-title":"World Patent Information"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1108\/02634501211226276","article-title":"The impact of internal and external market orientation on performance in local public organisations","volume":"30","year":"2012","journal-title":"Marketing Intelligence & Planning"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1108\/14601061111124894","article-title":"Linking internal market orientation and new service performance","volume":"14","year":"2011","journal-title":"European Journal of Innovation Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1108\/17465661111112502","article-title":"SQM-HEI\u2013determination of service quality measurement of higher education in India","volume":"6","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Modelling in Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref091","first-page":"48","article-title":"Small schools, great expectations","volume":"53","year":"1995","journal-title":"Educational Leadership"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref092","first-page":"243","article-title":"Effects of internal marketing on nurse job satisfaction and organizational commitment: example of medical centers in southern Taiwan","volume":"15","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Nursing Research"},{"key":"key2020092313381799500_ref093","unstructured":"Stauss, B. and Schulze, H.S. (1990), \u201cInternes marketing. Ein Konzept zur innerorganisatorischen Fundierung von Absatzstrategien\u201d, Discussion Paper No. 1, The Department for Business Administration Ingolstadt, Catholic University Eichst\u00e4tt, Ingolstadt."},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1080\/19761597.2013.866314","article-title":"Knowledge management enablers, knowledge sharing and research collaboration: a study of knowledge management at research universities in Malaysia","volume":"21","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Technology Innovation"},{"issue":"11\/12","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1108\/03090560910989975","article-title":"Internal market orientation and its influence on organizational performance","volume":"43","year":"2009","journal-title":"European Journal of Marketing"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref095","first-page":"1","article-title":"Learning organizations, internal marketing, and organizational commitment in hospitals","volume":"14","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Health Services Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1108\/13673271011032409","article-title":"The correlation between organizational culture and knowledge conversion on corporate performance","volume":"14","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Knowledge Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1108\/JEIM-04-2014-0042","article-title":"Knowledge management capability, customer relationship management, and service quality","volume":"29","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Enterprise Information Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1080\/13032917.2008.9687059","article-title":"Internal marketing and hotel performance","volume":"19","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anatolia"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1177\/1094670503262946","article-title":"The four services marketing myths: remnants from a manufacturing model","volume":"6","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Service Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1300\/J050v09n02_06","article-title":"The antecedents of the market orientation in higher education","volume":"9","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing for Higher Education"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1590\/1982-0194201600071","article-title":"Internal marketing and its moderating effects between service-oriented encounter and patient satisfaction","volume":"29","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Paulista de Enfermagem"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1002\/hfm.20329","article-title":"The relationships among internal marketing, job satisfaction, relationship marketing, customer orientation, and organizational performance: an empirical study of TFT-LCD companies in Taiwan","volume":"23","year":"2013","journal-title":"Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref103","first-page":"137","article-title":"The role of internal marketing on job satisfaction and turnover intention: an empirical investigation of sport and physical activity organizations","volume":"14","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ege Academic Review: Business Administration, International Relations and Political Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1108\/QAE-02-2016-0009","article-title":"A unidimensional instrument for measuring internal marketing concept in the higher education sector: IM-11 scale","volume":"25","year":"2017","journal-title":"Quality Assurance in Education"},{"issue":"30","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref104","first-page":"11984","article-title":"Empirical research on relationships among enterprises internal market orientation, market orientation, employee satisfaction and customer satisfaction","volume":"5","year":"2011","journal-title":"African Journal of Business Management"},{"issue":"9\/10","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1108\/02632770610677628","article-title":"Expectations of employees toward the workplace and environmental satisfaction","volume":"24","year":"2006","journal-title":"Facilities"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020092313381799500_ref107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1080\/0267257X.1993.9964234","article-title":"The scope of internal marketing: defining the boundary between marketing and human resource management","volume":"9","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing Management"}],"container-title":["Journal of Enterprise Information Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/JEIM-09-2018-0206\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/JEIM-09-2018-0206\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T22:32:01Z","timestamp":1753396321000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/jeim\/article\/32\/3\/413-435\/196542"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,4]]},"references-count":106,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/JEIM-09-2018-0206"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/jeim-09-2018-0206","relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-0398"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1741-0398","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,4]]}}}