{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T08:09:53Z","timestamp":1776413393469,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]],"date-time":"2023-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678838400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JEIM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current gap between the required and available artificial intelligence (AI) professionals poses significant challenges for organisations and academia. Organisations are challenged to identify and secure the appropriate AI competencies. Simultaneously, academia is challenged to design, offer and quickly scale academic programmes in line with industry needs and train new generations of AI professionals. Therefore, identifying and structuring AI competencies is necessary to effectively overcome the AI competence shortage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>A probabilistic topic model was applied to explore the AI competence categories empirically. The authors analysed 1159 AI-related online job ads published on LinkedIn.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The authors identified five predominant competence categories: (1) Data Science, (2) AI Software Development, (3) AI Product Development and Management, (4) AI Client Servicing, and (5) AI Research. These five competence categories were summarised under the developed AI competence framework.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>The AI competence framework contributes to clarifying and structuring the diverse AI landscape. These findings have the potential to aid various stakeholders involved in the process of training, recruiting and selecting AI professionals. They may guide organisations in constructing a complementary portfolio of AI competencies by helping users match the right competence requirements with an organisation's needs and business objectives. Similarly, they can support academia in designing academic programmes aligned with industry needs. Furthermore, while focusing on AI, this study contributes to the research stream of information technology (IT) competencies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/jeim-09-2022-0341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]],"date-time":"2023-03-17T01:34:05Z","timestamp":1679016845000},"page":"197-218","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The development of a competence framework for artificial intelligence professionals using probabilistic topic modelling"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Sonja","family":"Brauner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Murawski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9521-4436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"Bick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"S1","key":"key2025012304070126200_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S293","DOI":"10.3386\/w28257","article-title":"Artificial intelligence and jobs: evidence from online vacancies","volume":"40","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Labor Economics"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2025012304070126200_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.20160696","article-title":"The race between man and machine: implications of technology for growth, factor shares, and employment","volume":"108","year":"2018","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"key":"key2025012304070126200_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.labeco.2021.102002","article-title":"The demand for AI skills in the labor market","volume":"71","year":"2021","journal-title":"Labour Economics"},{"key":"key2025012304070126200_ref004","article-title":"The humans behind artificial intelligence \u2013 an operationalisation of AI competencies","volume":"141","year":"2020","journal-title":"Research Papers"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2025012304070126200_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0251431","article-title":"Studying the UK job market during the COVID-19 crisis with online job ads","volume":"16","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2025012304070126200_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/s43681-021-00084-x","article-title":"Putting AI ethics to work: are the tools fit for purpose?","volume":"2","year":"2022","journal-title":"AI and Ethics"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2025012304070126200_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1108\/JEIM-07-2020-0284","article-title":"A framework for understanding artificial intelligence research: insights from practice","volume":"34","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Enterprise Information Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2025012304070126200_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.25300\/MISQ\/2013\/37:2.3","article-title":"Digital business strategy: toward a next generation of insights","volume":"37","year":"2013","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"key":"key2025012304070126200_ref009","first-page":"993","article-title":"Latent dirichlet\u00a0allocation","volume":"3","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Machine Learning Research"},{"key":"key2025012304070126200_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2018.03.035","article-title":"Classifying online job advertisements through machine learning","volume":"86","year":"2018","journal-title":"Future Generation Computer Systems"},{"key":"key2025012304070126200_ref011","article-title":"Artificial intelligence","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy"},{"issue":"6370","key":"key2025012304070126200_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aap8062","article-title":"What can machine learning do? 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