{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T10:20:52Z","timestamp":1783938052339,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]],"date-time":"2024-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706054400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JEIM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The global prevalence of social media and its potential to cause polarization are highly debated and impactful. The previous literature often assumes that the ideological bias of any media outlet remains static and exogenous to the polarization process. By studying polarization as a whole from an ecosystem approach, the authors aim to identify policies and strategies that can help mitigate the adverse effects of polarization and promote healthier online discourse.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate online polarization, the authors perform a systematic review and analysis of approximately 400 research articles to explore the connection between cognitive bias and polarization, examining both causal and correlational evidence. The authors extensively evaluate and integrate existing research related to the correlation between online polarization and crucial factors such as public engagement, selective exposure and political democracy. From doing so, the authors then develop a PolarSphere ecosystem that captures and illustrates the process of online polarization formation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The authors' review uncovers a wide range of associations, including ideological cognition, bias, public participation, misinformation and miscommunication, political democracy, echo chambers and selective exposure, heterogeneity and trust. Although the impact of bias on social media polarization depends on specific environments and internal\/external conditions, certain variables exhibit strong associations across multiple contexts. The authors use these observations as a basis from which to construct PolarSphere, an ecosystem of bias-based polarization on social media, to theorize the process of polarization formation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>Based on the PolarSphere ecosystem, the authors argue that it is crucial for governments and civil societies to maintain vigilance and invest in further research to gain a deep comprehension of how cognitive bias affects online polarization, which could lead to ways to eliminate polarization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/jeim-09-2023-0459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T02:17:31Z","timestamp":1705976251000},"page":"259-287","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Diving into the divide: a systematic review of cognitive bias-based polarization on social media"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5512-4364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunfei","family":"Xing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4074-9505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justin Zuopeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8735-1553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veda C.","family":"Storey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Koohang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"key2024021910373560300_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1257\/jep.31.2.211","article-title":"Social media and fake news in the 2016 election","volume":"31","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Perspectives"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2024021910373560300_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1108\/jeim-07-2021-0292","article-title":"The double-edged sword of social media usage during the COVID-19 pandemic: demographical and cultural analyses","volume":"36","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Enterprise Information Management"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"key2024021910373560300_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-022-03437-5","article-title":"Evidence for three distinct climate change audience segments with varying belief-updating tendencies: implications for climate change communication","volume":"174","year":"2022","journal-title":"Climatic Change"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2024021910373560300_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1007\/s10796-021-10133-9","article-title":"The role of online misinformation and fake news in ideological polarization: barriers, catalysts, and implications","volume":"24","year":"2021","journal-title":"Information Systems Frontiers"},{"issue":"37","key":"key2024021910373560300_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9216","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1804840115","article-title":"Exposure to opposing views on social media can increase political polarization","volume":"115","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"10","key":"key2024021910373560300_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797615594620","article-title":"Tweeting from left to right","volume":"26","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"key":"key2024021910373560300_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2019.07.026","article-title":"Cognitive and affective responses to political disinformation in Facebook","volume":"101","year":"2019","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"key2024021910373560300_ref008","unstructured":"Barrett, P., Hendrix, J. and Sims, G. 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