{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T15:45:25Z","timestamp":1777650325240,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]],"date-time":"2021-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632096000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JEIM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To maximize the network total profit by calculating the difference between costs and revenue (first objective function). To maximize the positive impact on the environment by integrating GSCM factors in RL (second objective function). To calculate the efficiency of disassembly centers by SDEA method, which are selected as suppliers and maximize the total efficiency (third objective function). To evaluate the resources and total efficiency of the proposed model to facilitate the allocation resource process, to increase resource efficiency and to improve the efficiency of disassembly centers by Inverse DEA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>The design of a closed-loop logistics network for after-sales service for mobile phones and digital cameras has been developed by the mixed-integer linear programming method (MILP). Development of MILP method has been performed by simultaneously considering three main objectives including: total network profit, green supply chain factors (environmental sustainability) and maximizing the efficiency of disassembly centers. The proposed model of study is a six-level, multi-objective, single-period and multi-product that focuses on electrical waste. The efficiency of product return centers is calculated by SDEA method and the most efficient centers are selected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of using the model in a case mining showed that, due to the use of green factors in network design, environmental pollution and undesirable disposal of some electronic waste were reduced. Also, with the reduction of waste disposal, valuable materials entered the market cycle and the network profit increased.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>(1) Design a closed-loop reverse logistics network for after-sales services; (2) Introduce a multi-objective multi-echelon mixed integer linear programming model; (3) Sensitivity analysis use Inverse-DEA method to increase the efficiency of inefficient units; (4) Use the GSC factors and DEA method in reverse logistics network.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/jeim-11-2020-0472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]],"date-time":"2021-09-16T07:46:13Z","timestamp":1631778373000},"page":"1-31","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["A mixed-integer linear programming approach for circular economy-led closed-loop supply chains in green reverse logistics network design under uncertainty"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Kazhal","family":"Gharibi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8216-6623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sohrab","family":"Abdollahzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"key2025012304064329500_ref001","article-title":"Analyzing disposition decisions for sustainable reverse logistics: triple bottom line approach","volume":"150","year":"2019","journal-title":"Resources, Conservation and Recycling"},{"key":"key2025012304064329500_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.04.132","article-title":"An integrated chance-constrained stochastic model for a mobile phone closed-loop supply chain network with supplier selection","volume":"226","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production"},{"key":"key2025012304064329500_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2018.05.057","article-title":"Large-scale reverse supply chain network design: an accelerated benders decomposition algorithm","volume":"124","year":"2018","journal-title":"Computers and Industrial Engineering"},{"key":"key2025012304064329500_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2016.08.122","article-title":"Multi-method simulation based tool to evaluate economic and environmental performance of circular product systems","volume":"139","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production"},{"key":"key2025012304064329500_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2019.04.060","article-title":"The use of data envelopment analysis in evaluating Pareto optimal solutions of the sustainable supply chain models","volume":"33","year":"2019","journal-title":"Procedia Manufacturing"},{"key":"key2025012304064329500_ref006","unstructured":"Bald\u00e9, C.P., Forti, V., Gray, V., Kuehr, R. and Stegmann, P. 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