{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T21:28:18Z","timestamp":1772227698057,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,10]],"date-time":"2017-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1499644800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JEIM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>There has been a lack of meaningful information systems architecture, which comprehensively conceptualise the essential components and functionality of an information system for fire emergency response addressing needs of different job roles. The purpose of this paper is to propose a comprehensive information systems architecture which would best support four of the key firefighter job roles.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The study has built on the outcomes of two previous preliminary studies on information and human-computer interaction needs of core firefighter job roles. Scenario-based action research was conducted with firefighters in a range of roles, to evaluate human-computer interaction needs while using various technology platforms.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Several key themes were identified and led us to propose several layers of an integrated architecture, their composition and interactions.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The selected fire scenarios may not represent every type of fire expected in high-risk built environments.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The current paper represents a shared discussion between end users, system architects and designers, to understand and improve essential components. It therefore provides a reference point for the development of information system architecture for fire emergency response.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The proposed information system architecture is novel because it outlines specific architectural elements required to meet the specific situation awareness needs of different firefighters job roles.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/jeim-12-2015-0120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,19]],"date-time":"2017-05-19T07:15:47Z","timestamp":1495178147000},"page":"605-624","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Information systems architecture for fire emergency response"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Raj","family":"Prasanna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Malcolm","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Huggins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120620290055700_ref001","first-page":"122","article-title":"Issues and challenges of knowledge representation and reasoning methods in situation assessment (level 2) fusion","volume":"1","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Advances In Information Fusion"},{"issue":"8","key":"key2020120620290055700_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2003.814918","article-title":"Sensor networks: evolution, opportunities, and challenges","volume":"91","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120620290055700_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1080\/13594320444000074","article-title":"Change management: time for a change","volume":"13","year":"2004","journal-title":"European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology"},{"key":"key2020120620290055700_ref004","first-page":"271","article-title":"Emergency management: from user requirements to a flexible P2P architecture","year":"2007"},{"issue":"9","key":"key2020120620290055700_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2012.12.008","article-title":"Knowledge management systems in support of disasters management: a two-decade review","volume":"80","year":"2013","journal-title":"Technological Forecasting and Social Change"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120620290055700_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1518\/001872095779049543","article-title":"Toward a theory of situation awareness in dynamic systems","volume":"37","year":"1995","journal-title":"Human Factors Journal"},{"key":"key2020120620290055700_ref007","volume-title":"Designing for Situation Awareness: An Approach to Human-Centered Design","year":"2003"},{"key":"key2020120620290055700_ref008","unstructured":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft (2007), \u201cAbout Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft\u201d, available at: www.fraunhofer.de\/en\/about-fraunhofer\/ (accessed 4 September 2012)."},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120620290055700_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1109\/5.554205","article-title":"An introduction to multisensor data fusion","volume":"85","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proceedings of IEEE"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120620290055700_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1993060.1993065","article-title":"The relationship of action research to human-computer interaction","volume":"18","year":"2011","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120620290055700_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6486.1980.tb00087.x","article-title":"Towards a definition of action research: a note and bibliography","volume":"17","year":"1980","journal-title":"Journal of Management Studies"},{"key":"key2020120620290055700_ref012","first-page":"402","article-title":"A context-aware system architecture for dealing with the emergency by the community service in apartment","year":"2007"},{"key":"key2020120620290055700_ref013","first-page":"679","article-title":"Ubiquitous computing for firefighters: field studies and prototypes of large displays for incident command","year":"2004"},{"key":"key2020120620290055700_ref014","first-page":"87","article-title":"Siren: context-aware computing for firefighting","year":"2004"},{"key":"key2020120620290055700_ref015","first-page":"41","article-title":"Tactical navigation support for firefighters: the lifenet ad-hoc sensor-network and wearable system","year":"2008"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120620290055700_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2003.08.002","article-title":"Emergency response after 9\/11: the potential of real-time 3D GIS for quick emergency response in micro-spatial environments","volume":"29","year":"2005","journal-title":"Computers, Environment and Urban Systems"},{"issue":"9","key":"key2020120620290055700_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2010.09.011","article-title":"Delphi: a brief look backward and forward","volume":"78","year":"2011","journal-title":"Technological Forecasting and Social Change"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120620290055700_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1109\/MPRV.2004.18","article-title":"Sensor networks for emergency response: challenges and opportunities","volume":"3","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pervasive Computing"},{"key":"key2020120620290055700_ref019","first-page":"417","article-title":"WIPER: the integrated wireless phone based emergency response system","year":"2006"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120620290055700_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1006\/ijhc.2001.0503","article-title":"Methods to support human-centred design","volume":"55","year":"2001","journal-title":"International Journal of Human-Computer Studies"},{"key":"key2020120620290055700_ref021","first-page":"376","article-title":"Distributed perception networks for crisis management","year":"2006"},{"issue":"2014","key":"key2020120620290055700_ref022","first-page":"79","article-title":"A user centred design evaluation of the potential benefits of advanced wireless sensor networks for fire-in-tunnel emergency response","volume":"63","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fire Safety Journal"},{"key":"key2020120620290055700_ref023","first-page":"92","article-title":"MIKoBOS \u2013 a mobile information and communication system for emergency response","year":"2006"},{"key":"key2020120620290055700_ref024","unstructured":"Microsoft (2015), \u201cA technique for architecture and design\u201d, available at: https:\/\/msdn.microsoft.com\/en-nz\/library\/ee658084.aspx (accessed 19 November 2015)."},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120620290055700_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1109\/MIS.2006.23","article-title":"Customer-driven sensor management","volume":"21","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Intelligent Systems"},{"key":"key2020120620290055700_ref026","first-page":"524","article-title":"Hybrid communication architecture for emergency response \u2013 an implementation in firefighter\u2019s use case","year":"2015"},{"key":"key2020120620290055700_ref027","first-page":"466","article-title":"An agent-based approach to distributed data and information fusion","year":"2004"},{"key":"key2020120620290055700_ref028","unstructured":"Pavlin, G., de Oude, P., Maris, M., Nunnink, J. and Hood, T. (2007), \u201cA distributed approach to information fusion based on causal probabilistic models: technical report IAS-UVA-07-03\u201d, available at: http:\/\/staff.science.uva.nl\/~poude\/papers\/pavlin07techrep.pdf (accessed 12 October 2009)."},{"key":"key2020120620290055700_ref029","unstructured":"Prasanna, R. (2010), \u201cInformation systems for supporting fire emergency response\u201d, unpublished doctoral dissertation, Loughborough University, Loughborough."},{"key":"key2020120620290055700_ref030","article-title":"Human computer interaction for supporting fire emergency first responders","year":"2013"},{"key":"key2020120620290055700_ref031","first-page":"59","article-title":"Integrated information management system model for ER","year":"2007"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2020120620290055700_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.7731\/KIFSE.2015.29.6.098","article-title":"Integrated command system for firefight safety in special disaster area","volume":"29","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fire Science and Engineering"},{"key":"key2020120620290055700_ref033","unstructured":"SafetyNet (n.d.), \u201cSafetynet field trials\u201d, available at: www.lboro.ac.uk\/microsites\/enterprise\/safetynet\/fieldtrial.html (accessed 1 April 2015)."},{"key":"key2020120620290055700_ref034","first-page":"219","article-title":"Building a framework for situation awareness","year":"2004"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120620290055700_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1080\/1463922X.2015.1106618","article-title":"Pilot error versus sociotechnical systems failure: a distributed situation awareness analysis of Air France 447","volume":"17","year":"2016","journal-title":"Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120620290055700_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.3390\/fi5020113","article-title":"A concept for support of firefighter frontline communication","volume":"5","year":"2013","journal-title":"Future Internet"},{"key":"key2020120620290055700_ref037","first-page":"239","article-title":"Using wireless sensor networks for fire rescue applications: requirements and challenges","year":"2006"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120620290055700_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1147\/sj.313.0590","article-title":"Extending and formalizing the framework for information systems architecture","volume":"31","year":"1992","journal-title":"IBM Systems Journal"},{"key":"key2020120620290055700_ref039","volume-title":"Human Factors Methods: A practical Guide for Engineering and Design","year":"2005"},{"key":"key2020120620290055700_ref040","first-page":"427","article-title":"An architecture for an integrated fire ER system for the built environment","year":"2008"},{"key":"key2020120620290055700_ref041","first-page":"1","article-title":"A wireless sensor network and incident command interface for urban firefighting","year":"2007"},{"key":"key2020120620290055700_ref042","first-page":"103","article-title":"Design of monocular head-mounted displays for increased indoor firefighting safety and efficiency","year":"2005"},{"key":"key2020120620290055700_ref043","volume-title":"An Introduction to Multiagent Systems","year":"2009","edition":"2nd ed."},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120620290055700_ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s00766-014-0202-2","article-title":"GDIA: eliciting information requirements in emergency first response","volume":"20","year":"2015","journal-title":"Requirements Engineering"},{"issue":"9","key":"key2020120620290055700_ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2012.07.011","article-title":"How the internet of things technology enhances emergency response operations","volume":"80","year":"2013","journal-title":"Technological Forecasting and Social Change"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120620290055700_ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1147\/sj.263.0276","article-title":"Framework for information systems architecture","volume":"26","year":"1987","journal-title":"IBM Systems Journal"},{"key":"key2020120620290055700_ref046","unstructured":"Berry, D., Usmani, A., Terero, J., Tate, A., McLaughlin, S., Potter, S., Trew, A., Baxter, R., Bull, M. and Atkinson, M. (2005), \u201cFireGrid: integrated emergency response and fire safety engineering for the future built environment\u201d, in Cox, S.J. and Walker, D.W. (Eds), Proceedings of the UK e-Science Programme All Hands Meeting in Nottingham, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, Swindon, pp. 1034-1041."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"key2020120620290055700_ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1080\/01449299408914592","article-title":"Usability measurement in context","volume":"13","year":"1994","journal-title":"Behaviour and Information Technology"},{"key":"key2020120620290055700_ref048","volume-title":"Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods","year":"2002","edition":"3rd ed."},{"key":"key2020120620290055700_ref049","volume-title":"Basics of Qualitative Research. Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory","year":"2008","edition":"3rd ed."},{"key":"key2020120620290055700_ref050","first-page":"441","article-title":"Situated evaluation for cooperative systems","year":"1994"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120620290055700_ref051","first-page":"369","article-title":"An online social network for emergency management","volume":"6","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Emergency Management"}],"container-title":["Journal of Enterprise Information Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/JEIM-12-2015-0120\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/JEIM-12-2015-0120\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T22:32:26Z","timestamp":1753396346000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/jeim\/article\/30\/4\/605-624\/198040"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,10]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/JEIM-12-2015-0120"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/jeim-12-2015-0120","relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-0398"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1741-0398","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,10]]}}}