{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T20:17:10Z","timestamp":1780431430319,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JICES"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and conversational agents, emphasizing their potential benefits while also highlighting the need for vigilant monitoring to prevent unethical applications.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>As AI becomes more prevalent in academia and research, it is crucial to explore ways to ensure ethical usage of the technology and to identify potentially unethical usage. This manuscript uses a popular AI chatbot to write the introduction and parts of the body of a manuscript discussing conversational agents, the ethical usage of chatbots and ethical concerns for academic researchers.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The authors reveal which sections were written entirely by the AI using a conversational agent. This serves as a cautionary tale highlighting the importance of ethical considerations for researchers and students when using AI and how educators must be prepared for the increasing prevalence of AI in the academy and industry. Measures to mitigate potential unethical use of this evolving technology are also discussed in the manuscript.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>As conversational agents and chatbots increase in society, it is crucial to understand how they will impact the community and how we can live with technology instead of fighting against it.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/jices-02-2023-0019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T00:37:27Z","timestamp":1694651847000},"page":"394-405","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Artificial intelligence and conversational agent evolution \u2013 a cautionary tale of the benefits and pitfalls of advanced technology in education, academic research, and practice"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Curtis C.","family":"Cain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos D.","family":"Buskey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gloria J.","family":"Washington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"key2023110609451444400_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81633","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2988815","article-title":"Artificial intelligence trends based on the patents granted by the United States patent and trademark office","volume":"8","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2023110609451444400_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/0160-791X(86)90014-X","article-title":"Artificial intelligence, culture, and individual responsibility","volume":"8","year":"1986","journal-title":"Technology in Society"},{"key":"key2023110609451444400_ref003","first-page":"534","article-title":"Survey on intelligent chatbots: state-of-the-art and future research directions","volume-title":"Conference on Complex, Intelligent, and Software Intensive Systems","year":"2019"},{"key":"key2023110609451444400_ref004","article-title":"Man is to computer programmer as woman is to homemaker? Debiasing word embeddings","volume":"29","year":"2016","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"key2023110609451444400_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techsoc.2020.101475","article-title":"Towards a deliberative framework for responsible innovation in artificial intelligence","volume":"64","year":"2021","journal-title":"Technology in Society"},{"key":"key2023110609451444400_ref006","first-page":"77","article-title":"Gender shades: intersectional accuracy disparities in commercial gender classification","volume":"81","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 1st Conference on Fairness, Accountability and Transparency, in Proceedings of Machine Learning Research"},{"key":"key2023110609451444400_ref007","article-title":"The potential of learning with (and not from) artificial intelligence in education","volume":"5","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2023110609451444400_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-021-01259-0","article-title":"Speeding up to keep up: exploring the use of AI in the research process","volume":"37","year":"2022","journal-title":"AI and Society"},{"key":"key2023110609451444400_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-818438-7.00012-5","article-title":"Ethical and legal challenges of artificial intelligence-driven healthcare","volume-title":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023110609451444400_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s11023-020-09517-8","article-title":"The ethics of AI ethics: an evaluation of guidelines","volume":"30","year":"2020","journal-title":"Minds and Machines"},{"key":"key2023110609451444400_ref011","unstructured":"Huang, K. (2023), \u201cAlarmed by A.I. Chatbots, universities start revamping how they teach\u201d, The New York Times, 16 January, available at: www.nytimes.com\/2023\/01\/16\/technology\/chatgpt-artificial-intelligence-universities.html (accessed 21 January 2023)."},{"issue":"6","key":"key2023110609451444400_ref012","first-page":"1","article-title":"A survey on bias and fairness in machine learning","volume":"54","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACM Computing Surveys"},{"key":"key2023110609451444400_ref013","first-page":"1","article-title":"Operationalising AI ethics: barriers, enablers and next steps","year":"2021"},{"key":"key2023110609451444400_ref014","first-page":"266","article-title":"Legal and ethical consideration in artificial intelligence in healthcare: who takes responsibility?","volume":"9","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Surgery"},{"key":"key2023110609451444400_ref015","first-page":"421","article-title":"Hey ASR system! Why aren\u2019t you more inclusive?","volume-title":"International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction","year":"2022"},{"key":"key2023110609451444400_ref016","article-title":"AI in learning: preparing grounds for future learning","volume":"15","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology"},{"key":"key2023110609451444400_ref017","unstructured":"OpenAI (2023), \u201cCHATGPT: optimizing language models for dialogue\u201d, OpenAI, 6 January, available at: https:\/\/openai.com\/blog\/chatgpt\/ (accessed 7 January 2023)."},{"key":"key2023110609451444400_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techsoc.2020.101421","article-title":"Trust, transparency, and openness: how inclusion of cultural values shapes Nordic national public policy strategies for artificial intelligence (AI)","volume":"63","year":"2020","journal-title":"Technology in Society"},{"key":"key2023110609451444400_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-69978-9_4","article-title":"Ethical issues of AI","volume-title":"Artificial Intelligence for a Better Future","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023110609451444400_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-021-01148-6","article-title":"Organisational responses to the ethical issues of artificial intelligence","volume":"37","year":"2022","journal-title":"AI and Society"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023110609451444400_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s10676-017-9440-6","article-title":"Human-aligned artificial intelligence is a multiobjective problem","volume":"20","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ethics and Information Technology"},{"key":"key2023110609451444400_ref022","first-page":"23","article-title":"ABL-MICRO: opportunities for affective AI built using a multimodal microaggression dataset","year":"2021"},{"key":"key2023110609451444400_ref023","unstructured":"West, D.M. (2022), \u201cThe role of corporations in addressing AI\u2019s ethical dilemmas\u201d, Brookings, 9 March, available at: www.brookings.edu\/research\/how-to-address-ai-ethical-dilemmas\/ (accessed 7 January 2023)."}],"container-title":["Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/JICES-02-2023-0019\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/JICES-02-2023-0019\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T21:38:14Z","timestamp":1753393094000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/jices\/article\/21\/4\/394-405\/225982"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/JICES-02-2023-0019"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/jices-02-2023-0019","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-996X","1477-996X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-996X","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-996X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]]}}}