{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T18:27:22Z","timestamp":1778264842583,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]],"date-time":"2024-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JICES"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model, this study aims to explore the factors influencing educators\u2019 acceptance and utilization of chat generative pretrained transformer (ChatGPT) in the context of higher educational institutions. This study additionally examines the moderating influence of trust on the association between intention and adoption of ChatGPT.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A structured questionnaire was disseminated to 1,214 educators following the purposive sampling method. The hypothesized relationships between the extended UTAUT model constructs and ChatGPT adoption were examined using structural equation modeling.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The results of this study indicate positive impact of ChatGPT adoption and its use behavior (UB) among educators. Performance expectancy, effort expectancy, hedonic motivation, facilitating conditions and habit have a positive impact on behavior intention to use this tool among educators in higher education institutions, However, the educators intend to use ChatGPT in a personal capacity and are negatively influenced by the social groups. Moreover, behavior intention to adopt ChatGPT has a larger effect on the UB due to the higher involvement of trust.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This research adds to the literature on technology adoption by emphasizing the significance of trust in the adoption of emerging technologies, such as big language models. This study\u2019s findings have implications for ChatGPT technology developers, legislators and academics considering the implementation of ChatGPT for teaching and research.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This research investigates ChatGPT adoption among higher education educators using the UTAUT model. It emphasizes the role of trust in adoption, highlights key adoption factors and reveals a paradox: educators are personally inclined to use ChatGPT but hesitant due to negative social influence. This study's novelty lies in its focus on trust and its implications for developers, legislators and educators, offering valuable insights for integrating ChatGPT in education.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/jices-03-2024-0033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T02:50:25Z","timestamp":1721098225000},"page":"331-353","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Examining ChatGPT adoption among educators in higher educational institutions using extended UTAUT model"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Mohd. Abass","family":"Bhat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chandan Kumar","family":"Tiwari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Preeti","family":"Bhaskar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shagufta Tariq","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1108\/ITP-01-2020-0002","article-title":"The impact of information technology culture and personal innovativeness in information technology on digital entrepreneurship success","volume":"35","year":"2022","journal-title":"Information Technology and People"},{"key":"key2024100803203874500_ref002","article-title":"Blockchain adoption in accounting by an extended UTAUT model: empirical evidence from an emerging economy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1037\/h0076477","article-title":"A Bayesian analysis of attribution processes","volume":"82","year":"1975","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"key2024100803203874500_ref004","first-page":"331","article-title":"Forecasting the acceptance of ChatGPT as educational platforms: an integrated SEM-ANN methodology","volume-title":"Artificial Intelligence in Education: The Power and Dangers of ChatGPT in the Classroom","year":"2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sres.2945","article-title":"Understanding the technical and social paradoxes of learning management systems usage in higher education: a sociotechnical perspective","volume":"41","year":"2023","journal-title":"Systems Research and Behavioral Science"},{"key":"key2024100803203874500_ref006","article-title":"Exploring the factors affecting the adoption AI techniques in higher education: insights from teachers' perspectives on ChatGPT","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Innovative Teaching and Learning"},{"issue":"11","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1080\/03075079.2017.1298088","article-title":"E-learning continuance satisfaction in higher education: a unified perspective from instructors and students","volume":"43","year":"2017","journal-title":"Studies in Higher Education"},{"key":"key2024100803203874500_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","article-title":"Exploring the role of artificial intelligence in enhancing academic performance: a case study of ChatGPT (December 26, 2022)","year":"2022","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4312358"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.103.3.411","article-title":"Structural equation modeling in practice: a review and recommended two-step approach","volume":"103","year":"1988","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acalib.2021.102437","article-title":"UTAUT as a model for understanding intention to adopt AI and related technologies among librarians","volume":"47","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Journal of Academic Librarianship"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2181052","DOI":"10.1080\/10872981.2023.2181052","article-title":"The future of medical education and research: is ChatGPT a blessing or blight in disguise?","volume":"28","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medical Education Online"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-022-11239-6","article-title":"An integrated model for examining teachers\u2019 intentions to use augmented reality in science courses","volume":"28","year":"2023","journal-title":"Education and Information Technologies"},{"key":"key2024100803203874500_ref013","article-title":"Education in the era of generative artificial intelligence (AI): Understanding the potential benefits of ChatGPT in promoting teaching and learning","year":"2023"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002130","DOI":"10.1080\/2331186X.2021.2002130","article-title":"Teachers\u2019 intention to continue the use of online teaching tools post COVID-19","volume":"8","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cogent Education"},{"key":"key2024100803203874500_ref015","article-title":"Delving into educators\u2019 perspectives on ChatGPT in management education: a qualitative exploration","year":"2024","journal-title":"Interactive Technology and Smart Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref016","article-title":"The ChatGPT dilemma: unravelling teachers\u2019 perspectives on inhibiting and motivating factors for adoption of ChatGPT","volume":"22","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1504\/IJLC.2023.133110","article-title":"Inhibiting factors influencing adoption of simulation-based teaching from management teacher's perspective: prioritisation using analytic hierarchy process","volume":"15","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Learning and Change"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2717","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.15796","article-title":"The role of plant\u2010associated rhizobacteria in plant growth, biocontrol and abiotic stress management","volume":"133","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Microbiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.3390\/jtaer19020045","article-title":"Understanding the adoption dynamics of ChatGPT among generation Z: Insights from a modified UTAUT2 model","volume":"19","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ep430","DOI":"10.30935\/cedtech\/13176","article-title":"ChatGPT in physics education: a pilot study on easy-to-implement activities","volume":"15","year":"2023","journal-title":"Contemporary Educational Technology"},{"key":"key2024100803203874500_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chbr.2024.100402","article-title":"Understanding the diffusion of AI-generative (ChatGPT) in higher education: does students' integrity matter?","volume":"14","year":"2024","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior Reports"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref022","first-page":"1","article-title":"ChatGPT adoption and anxiety: a cross-country analysis utilising the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT)","volume":"49","year":"2024","journal-title":"Studies in Higher Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref023","first-page":"25","article-title":"Examining facilitating condition and social influence as determinants of secondary school teachers\u2019 behavioural intention to use mobile technologies for instruction","volume":"3","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indonesian Journal of Educational Research and Technology"},{"key":"key2024100803203874500_ref024","unstructured":"ChatGPT (2022), \u201cChatGPT: Optimizing language models for dialogue\u201d, OpenAI, available at: https:\/\/openai.com\/blog\/ChatGPT\/ (accessed 31 January 2023)."},{"issue":"1","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2020.1799021","article-title":"Habit and social influence as determinants of PowerPoint use in higher education: a study from a technology acceptance approach","volume":"31","year":"2023","journal-title":"Interactive Learning Environments"},{"key":"key2024100803203874500_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chbr.2022.100237","article-title":"Adoption of M-learning apps: a sequential mediation analysis and the moderating role of personal innovativeness in information technology","volume":"8","year":"2022","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior Reports"},{"issue":"9","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref027","first-page":"124","article-title":"Recent related research in technology acceptance model: a literature review","volume":"1","year":"2011","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Business and Management Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref02800","first-page":"295","article-title":"The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling","volume":"295","year":"1998","journal-title":"Modern Methods for Business Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1080\/03055698.2020.1850426","article-title":"Teachers\u2019 attitudes towards chatbots in education: a technology acceptance model approach considering the effect of social language, bot proactiveness, and users\u2019 characteristics","volume":"49","year":"2023","journal-title":"Educational Studies"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2022.2049145","article-title":"Influence of pedagogical beliefs and perceived trust on teachers\u2019 acceptance of educational artificial intelligence tools","volume":"39","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Human\u2013Computer Interaction"},{"key":"key2024100803203874500_ref03100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2020.01.005","article-title":"A registered report of error-related negativity and reward positivity as biomarkers of depression: P-curving the evidence","volume":"150","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychophysiology"},{"key":"key2024100803203874500_ref03200","article-title":"Perceived stress in a probability sample of the United States","year":"1988"},{"key":"key2024100803203874500_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/14703297.2023.2190148","article-title":"Chatting and cheating: ensuring academic integrity in the era of ChatGPT","year":"2023","journal-title":"Innovations in Education and Teaching International"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.2307\/249008","article-title":"Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology","volume":"13","year":"1989","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"key":"key2024100803203874500_ref032","year":"2023"},{"key":"key2024100803203874500_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2023.102642","article-title":"\u2018So what if ChatGPT wrote it?\u2019 multidisciplinary perspectives on opportunities, challenges and implications of generative conversational AI for research, practice and policy","volume":"71","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Information Management"},{"key":"key2024100803203874500_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/MSAR-03-2023-0016","article-title":"Exploring the integration of ChatGPT in education: adapting for the future","year":"2023","journal-title":"Management and Sustainability: An Arab Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref035","article-title":"Acceptance and use of lecture capture system (LCS) in executive business studies: extending UTAUT2","volume":"14","year":"2017","journal-title":"Interactive Technology and Smart Education"},{"key":"key2024100803203874500_ref036","first-page":"1","article-title":"Determinants of intention to use ChatGPT for educational purposes: findings from PLS-SEM and fsQCA","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Human\u2013Computer Interaction"},{"key":"key2024100803203874500_ref037","first-page":"1","article-title":"enhancing learning potential: investigating marketing students\u2019 behavioral intentions to adopt ChatGPT","year":"2024","journal-title":"Marketing Education Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref038","first-page":"20","article-title":"Does the lecturer\u2019s innovativeness drive VLE adoption in higher education institutes?(a study based on extended UTAUT)","volume":"10","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Information Technology Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1504\/IJLC.2023.127719","article-title":"Teachers' intention to adopt virtual reality technology in management education","volume":"15","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Learning and Change"},{"key":"key2024100803203874500_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/979-8-3693-1798-3.ch011","article-title":"The researcher's sidekick: unleashing ChatGPT's potential in academic research","volume-title":"Utilizing AI Tools in Academic Research Writing","year":"2024"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1080\/23270012.2019.1699876","article-title":"Artificial intelligence (AI) and management analytics","volume":"6","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Management Analytics"},{"key":"key2024100803203874500_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2019.11.069","article-title":"Assessing measurement model quality in PLS-SEM using confirmatory composite analysis","volume":"109","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref043","article-title":"AMOS covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM): guidelines on its application as a marketing research tool","volume":"13","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brazilian Journal of Marketing"},{"issue":"1\/2","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref044","first-page":"1","article-title":"Partial least squares structural equation modeling: Rigorous applications, better results and higher acceptance","volume":"46","year":"2013","journal-title":"Long Range Planning"},{"key":"key2024100803203874500_ref045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/08989621.2023.2185514","article-title":"Using ChatGPT to conduct a literature review","year":"2023","journal-title":"Accountability in Research"},{"key":"key2024100803203874500_ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024286","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.1024286","article-title":"Seeing destinations through short-form videos: Implications for leveraging audience involvement to increase travel intention","volume":"13","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"key2024100803203874500_ref047","article-title":"\u2018I think this is the most disruptive technology\u2019: exploring sentiments of ChatGPT early adopters using twitter data","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref05100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1108\/IMDS-09-2015-0382","article-title":"Using PLS path modeling in new technology research: updated guidelines","volume":"116","year":"2016","journal-title":"Industrial Management & Data Systems"},{"key":"key2024100803203874500_ref048","first-page":"277","article-title":"The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing","volume-title":"New Challenges to International Marketing","year":"2009"},{"key":"key2024100803203874500_ref049","unstructured":"Herft, A. (2023), \u201cA teacher's prompt guide to ChatGPT aligned with'What Works Best' guide\u201d, available at: https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/15qAxnUzOwAPwHzoaKBJd8FAgiOZYcIxq\/view (accessed 23 January 2023)."},{"issue":"5","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1108\/02652321211247435","article-title":"The impact of fraud prevention on bank\u2010customer relationships: an empirical investigation in retail banking","volume":"30","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Bank Marketing"},{"key":"key2024100803203874500_ref051","article-title":"An exploratory survey about using ChatGPT in education, healthcare, and research","year":"2023"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4615","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-020-10171-x","article-title":"Exploring factors affecting academics\u2019 adoption of emerging mobile technologies-an extended UTAUT perspective","volume":"25","year":"2020","journal-title":"Education and Information Technologies"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.46568\/gjmas.v3i4.163","article-title":"Exploring teachers\u2019 attitudes towards using ChatGPT","volume":"3","year":"2022","journal-title":"Global Journal for Management and Administrative Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1108\/ITSE-06-2020-0087","article-title":"Impact of coronavirus pandemic on the Indian education sector: perspectives of teachers on online teaching and assessments","volume":"18","year":"2021","journal-title":"Interactive Technology and Smart Education"},{"key":"key2024100803203874500_ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2023.102274","article-title":"ChatGPT for good? On opportunities and challenges of large language models for education","volume":"103","year":"2023","journal-title":"Learning and Individual Differences"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref056","article-title":"ChatGPT-Reshaping medical education and clinical management","volume":"39","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5999","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-022-11417-6","article-title":"Examining teachers\u2019 behavioural intention for online teaching after COVID-19 pandemic: a large-scale survey","volume":"28","year":"2023","journal-title":"Education and Information Technologies"},{"key":"key2024100803203874500_ref058","article-title":"Physics task development of prospective physics teachers using ChatGPT","year":"2023"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1007\/s40692-021-00217-5","article-title":"Explaining faculty members\u2019 behavioral intention to use learning management systems","volume":"9","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Computers in Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.47989\/ir291647","article-title":"Who is using ChatGPT and why? Extending the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model","volume":"29","year":"2024","journal-title":"Information Research an International Electronic Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref061","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prospective teachers\u2019 acceptance of virtual reality technology: a mixed study in rural China","volume":"28","year":"2022","journal-title":"Education and Information Technologies"},{"issue":"12","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1080\/10941665.2018.1528290","article-title":"Moderating effect of privacy concerns and subjective norms between satisfaction and repurchase of airline e-ticket through airline-ticket vendors","volume":"23","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref06700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1111\/deci.12445","article-title":"Prediction: coveted, yet forsaken? Introducing a cross\u2010validated predictive ability test in partial least squares path modeling","volume":"52","year":"2021","journal-title":"Decision Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.15388\/infedu.2019.08","article-title":"Innovativeness and factors that affect the information technology adoption in the classroom by primary teachers in Chile","volume":"18","year":"2019","journal-title":"Informatics in Education"},{"issue":"11","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref064","article-title":"\u2018Chatting with ChatGPT\u2019: analyzing the factors influencing users' intention to use the open AI's ChatGPT using the UTAUT model","volume":"9","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1748","DOI":"10.1108\/EJM-02-2020-0084","article-title":"Antecedents and consequences of chatbot initial trust","volume":"56","year":"2022","journal-title":"European Journal of Marketing"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1111\/bjet.13232","article-title":"Teachers' trust in AI\u2010powered educational technology and a professional development program to improve it","volume":"53","year":"2022","journal-title":"British Journal of Educational Technology"},{"key":"key2024100803203874500_ref067","article-title":"\u2018We need to talk about ChatGPT\u2019: the future of AI and higher education","year":"2023"},{"key":"key2024100803203874500_ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeo.2021.100041","article-title":"Habit, hedonic motivation, performance expectancy and technological pedagogical knowledge affect teachers\u2019 intention to use mobile internet","volume":"2","year":"2021","journal-title":"Computers and Education Open"},{"key":"key2024100803203874500_ref069","first-page":"103537","article-title":"Open artificial intelligence platforms in nursing education: tools for academic progress or abuse?","volume":"66","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nurse Education in Practice"},{"key":"key2024100803203874500_ref070","article-title":"ChatGPT for teaching, learning and research: prospects and challenges","volume":"5","year":"2023","journal-title":"Glob Acad J Humanit Soc Sci"},{"key":"key2024100803203874500_ref071","unstructured":"OpenAI (2022), available at: https:\/\/openai.com\/blog\/ChatGPT\/ (accessed 31 January 2023)."},{"issue":"2","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref072","article-title":"ChatGPT for good? On opportunities and challenges of large language models for education","volume":"35","year":"2023","journal-title":"Learning and Individual Differences"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref073","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.54855\/ijte.222119","article-title":"Online teaching satisfaction amid the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from a Vietnamese higher education context","volume":"2","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of TESOL and Education"},{"key":"key2024100803203874500_ref074","first-page":"1","article-title":"Understanding students\u2019 adoption of the ChatGPT chatbot in higher education: the role of anthropomorphism, trust, design novelty and institutional policy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Behaviour and Information Technology"},{"key":"key2024100803203874500_ref075","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","article-title":"Engineering education in the era of ChatGPT: promise and pitfalls of generative AI for education","year":"2022","DOI":"10.36227\/techrxiv.21789434.v1"},{"issue":"7","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref076","first-page":"157","article-title":"Preservice teachers' acceptance of learning management software: an application of the UTAUT2 model","volume":"6","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Education Studies"},{"key":"key2024100803203874500_ref077","article-title":"Use of ChatGPT at university as a tool for complex thinking: students' perceived usefulness","year":"2023"},{"key":"key2024100803203874500_ref078","article-title":"Acceptance of ChatGPT by undergraduates in Sri Lanka: a hybrid approach of SEM-ANN","year":"2024","journal-title":"Interactive Technology and Smart Education"},{"key":"key2024100803203874500_ref079","article-title":"The utility of ChatGPT as an example of large language models in healthcare education, research and practice: systematic review on the future perspectives and potential limitations","year":"2023"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref080","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/pa.2503","article-title":"Factors influencing adoption of online teaching by school teachers: a study during COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"21","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Public Affairs"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref081","article-title":"ChatGPT: a disruptive innovation or disrupting innovation in academia?","volume":"154","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Journal of the American Dental Association"},{"key":"key2024100803203874500_ref08700","article-title":"Partial least squares structural equation modeling using SmartPLS: a software review","year":"2019"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indmarman.2004.09.013","article-title":"The adoption of information technology in the sales force","volume":"34","year":"2005","journal-title":"Industrial Marketing Management"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref08900","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-020-0597-3","article-title":"Insights into the bioavailability of oceanic dissolved Fe from phytoplankton uptake kinetics","volume":"14","year":"2020","journal-title":"The ISME Journal"},{"key":"key2024100803203874500_ref083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhlste.2022.100373","article-title":"Exploring the factors influencing the adoption and usage of augmented reality and virtual reality applications in tourism education within the context of COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"30","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport and Tourism Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref09100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.12691\/ajams-9-1-2","article-title":"Factor analysis as a tool for survey analysis","volume":"9","year":"2021","journal-title":"American Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref084","first-page":"285","article-title":"Heuristics for sample size determination in multivariate statistical techniques","volume":"27","year":"2013","journal-title":"World Applied Sciences Journal"},{"key":"key2024100803203874500_ref085","first-page":"1","article-title":"Students\u2019 acceptance of ChatGPT in higher education: an extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology","year":"2023","journal-title":"Innovative Higher Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref086","article-title":"Investigation of the moderation effect of gender and study level on the acceptance and use of generative AI by higher education students: comparative evidence from Poland and Egypt","volume":"55","year":"2024","journal-title":"British Journal of Educational Technology"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref087","first-page":"10","article-title":"The ChatGPT storm and what faculty can do","volume":"48","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nurse Educator"},{"key":"key2024100803203874500_ref088","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","article-title":"ChatGPT: the end of online exam integrity?","year":"2022","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2212.05856"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csda.2004.03.005","article-title":"PLS path modeling","volume":"48","year":"2005","journal-title":"Computational Statistics and Data Analysis"},{"key":"key2024100803203874500_ref090","article-title":"Would Chat GPT3 get a Wharton MBA? A prediction based on its performance in the operations management course","year":"2023"},{"key":"key2024100803203874500_ref091","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/ITSE-04-2023-0061","article-title":"What drives students toward ChatGPT? An investigation of the factors influencing adoption and usage of ChatGPT","year":"2023","journal-title":"Interactive Technology and Smart Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s40561-023-00237-x","article-title":"What if the devil is my guardian angel: ChatGPT as a case study of using chatbots in education","volume":"10","year":"2023","journal-title":"Smart Learning Environments"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref093","first-page":"1","article-title":"Editorial: ChatGPT: challenges, opportunities, and implications for teacher education","volume":"23","year":"2023","journal-title":"Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.2307\/30036540","article-title":"User acceptance of information technology: toward a unified view","volume":"27","year":"2003","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.2307\/41410412","article-title":"Consumer acceptance and use of information technology: extending the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology","volume":"36","year":"2012","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"issue":"9","key":"key2024100803203874500_ref096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12065","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-022-11116-2","article-title":"Factors predicting university students\u2019 behavioral intention to use eLearning platforms in the post-pandemic normal: an UTAUT2 approach with \u2018learning value\u2019","volume":"27","year":"2022","journal-title":"Education and Information Technologies"},{"key":"key2024100803203874500_ref097","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2021.1000","article-title":"AI technologies for education: Recent research and future directions","volume":"2","year":"2021","journal-title":"Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"key2024100803203874500_ref098","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","article-title":"ChatGPT user experience: implications for education","year":"2022","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4312418"}],"container-title":["Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/JICES-03-2024-0033\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/JICES-03-2024-0033\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T21:38:19Z","timestamp":1753393099000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/jices\/article\/22\/3\/331-353\/1233134"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]]},"references-count":106,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/JICES-03-2024-0033"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/jices-03-2024-0033","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-996X","1477-996X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-996X","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-996X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]]}}}