{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T22:27:54Z","timestamp":1759962474357,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,14]],"date-time":"2017-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1502668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JICES"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper aims to deal with the attitudes towards and social impact of Edward Snowden\u2019s revelations in Japan, taking the Japanese socio-cultural and political environment surrounding privacy and state surveillance into account.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>A questionnaire survey of 1,820 university students and semi-structured follow-up interviews with 56 respondents were conducted, in addition to reviews of the literature on privacy and state surveillance in Japan. The outcomes of the survey were statistically analysed, and qualitative analyses of the interview results were also performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Snowden\u2019s revelations have had little influence over Japanese youngsters\u2019 attitudes towards privacy and state surveillance, mainly due to their low level of awareness of the revelations and high level of confidence in government agencies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study results imply a need for reviewing educational programmes for civic education in lower and upper secondary education.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Social implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of this study based on a large-scale questionnaire survey indicate an urgent necessity for providing Japanese youngsters with opportunities to learn more about privacy, liberty, individual autonomy and national security.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study is the first attempt to investigate the social impact of Snowden\u2019s revelations on Japanese youngsters\u2019 attitudes towards privacy and state surveillance as part of cross-cultural analyses between eight countries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/jices-08-2016-0026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,28]],"date-time":"2017-06-28T07:25:41Z","timestamp":1498634741000},"page":"197-212","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Few youngsters would follow Snowden\u2019s lead in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Kiyoshi","family":"Murata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yasunori","family":"Fukuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yohko","family":"Orito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andrew A.","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120606291293500_ref001","article-title":"Following Snowden around the world: international comparison of attitudes to Snowden\u2019s revelations about the NSA\/GCHQ","volume":"15","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society"},{"volume-title":"Japanese Security Police","year":"2000","key":"key2020120606291293500_ref002"},{"journal-title":"Computing","article-title":"GCHQ hacked Belgian telco Belgacom","year":"2013","key":"key2020120606291293500_ref003"},{"key":"key2020120606291293500_ref004","first-page":"163","article-title":"Using codes and code manuals: a template organizing style of interpretation","volume-title":"Doing Qualitative Research","year":"1999","edition":"2nd Ed."},{"year":"2013","key":"key2020120606291293500_ref005","article-title":"Embassys Espionage: the NSA\u2019s Secret Spy Hub in Berlin"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120606291293500_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1080\/714041309","article-title":"The development of democracy in Japan","volume":"27","year":"1996","journal-title":"Asian Affairs"},{"edition":"2nd ed","volume-title":"Commentaries on the Constitution of the Empire of Japan","year":"1906","key":"key2020120606291293500_ref007"},{"key":"key2020120606291293500_ref008","first-page":"103","article-title":"Revision of the wire and electronic communications interception act","volume":"10","year":"2015","journal-title":"The University of Tokyo Law Review"},{"key":"key2020120606291293500_ref009","first-page":"118","article-title":"Template analysis","volume-title":"Qualitative Methods and Analysis in Organizational Research: A Practice Guide","year":"1998"},{"volume-title":"Military Police Politics: The Age of Surveillance and Intimidation","year":"2008","key":"key2020120606291293500_ref010"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120606291293500_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199609000-00006","article-title":"The seven deadly sins of statistical analysis","volume":"37","year":"1996","journal-title":"Annals of Plastic Surgery"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120606291293500_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.2307\/2574595","article-title":"Some observations on measurement and statistics","volume":"46","year":"1967","journal-title":"Social Forces"},{"key":"key2020120606291293500_ref013","unstructured":"Madden, M. 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