{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T22:37:48Z","timestamp":1771540668899,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668384000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JICES"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The purpose of this paper is to present the conceptual model of an innovative methodology (SAT) to assess the social acceptance of technology, especially focusing on artificial intelligence (AI)-based technology.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>After a review of the literature, this paper presents the main lines by which SAT stands out from current methods, namely, a four-bubble approach and a mix of qualitative and quantitative techniques that offer assessments that look at technology as a socio-technical system. Each bubble determines the social variability of a cluster of values: User-Experience Acceptance, Social Disruptiveness, Value Impact and Trust.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The methodology is still in development, requiring further developments, specifications and validation. Accordingly, the findings of this paper refer to the realm of the research discussion, that is, highlighting the importance of preventively assessing and forecasting the acceptance of technology and building the best design strategies to boost sustainable and ethical technology adoption.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Social implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Once SAT method will be validated, it could constitute a useful tool, with societal implications, for helping users, markets and institutions to appraise and determine the co-implications of technology and socio-cultural contexts.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>New AI applications flood today\u2019s users and markets, often without a clear understanding of risks and impacts. In the European context, regulations (EU AI Act) and rules (EU Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy) try to fill this normative gap. The SAT method seeks to integrate the risk-based assessment of AI with an assessment of the perceptive-psychological and socio-behavioural aspects of its social acceptability.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/jices-09-2021-0095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]],"date-time":"2022-11-11T06:15:01Z","timestamp":1668147301000},"page":"94-111","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["SAT: a methodology to assess the social acceptance of innovative AI-based technologies"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Carmela","family":"Occhipinti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Carnevale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Briguglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Iannone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piercosma","family":"Bisconti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"key2023013111384176100_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1177\/0735633118817879","article-title":"A systematic review of social media acceptance from the perspective of educational and information systems theories and models","volume":"57","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Computing Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2023013111384176100_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.17705\/1jais.00122","article-title":"The legacy of the technology acceptance model and a proposal for a paradigm shift","volume":"8","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of the Association for Information Systems"},{"key":"key2023013111384176100_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/17483107.2020.1844320","article-title":"What facilitates the acceptance of technology to promote social participation in later life? A systematic review","year":"2020","journal-title":"Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2023013111384176100_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/s11948-009-9138-1","article-title":"Cyberethics and co-operation in the information society","volume":"15","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science and Engineering Ethics"},{"key":"key2023013111384176100_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-27139-2_2","article-title":"Social, economic, and ethical implications of ambient intelligence and ubiquitous computing","volume-title":"Ambient Intelligence","year":"2005"},{"key":"key2023013111384176100_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","volume-title":"The Brussels Effect: How the European Union Rules the World","year":"2020","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780190088583.001.0001"},{"key":"key2023013111384176100_ref007","article-title":"Ethics of emerging technology","volume-title":"The Ethics of Technology Methods and Approaches","year":"2017"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023013111384176100_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34019","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/abd81c","article-title":"Unfulfilled promise: social acceptance of the smart grid","volume":"16","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environmental Research Letters"},{"issue":"19","key":"key2023013111384176100_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.7413\/2039-7194090","article-title":"For a \u2018genealogy\u2019 of the political debate on 5G","year":"2019","journal-title":"Philosophical News"},{"key":"key2023013111384176100_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","volume-title":"The Rise of the Network Society, the Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture","year":"1996","DOI":"10.2307\/591145"},{"key":"key2023013111384176100_ref011","volume-title":"Ethics and Technology Assessment: A Participatory Approach","year":"2014"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023013111384176100_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.2307\/249008","article-title":"Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology","volume":"13","year":"1989","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"key":"key2023013111384176100_ref013","unstructured":"Edelman Foundation (2020), \u201cEdelman trust barometer special report: brand trust in 2020\u201d, available at: www.edelman.com\/research\/brand-trust-2020 (accessed 24 March 2021)."},{"key":"key2023013111384176100_ref014","unstructured":"EU Commission (2021), \u201cProposal for a regulation on a European approach for artificial intelligence\u201d, available at: https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/newsroom\/dae\/redirection\/document\/75788"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023013111384176100_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1109\/MRA.2010.940150","article-title":"Socially assistive robotics","volume":"18","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Magazine"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2023013111384176100_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s13347-021-00460-9","article-title":"The European legislation on AI: a brief analysis of its philosophical approach","volume":"34","year":"2021","journal-title":"Philosophy and Technology"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2023013111384176100_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1007\/s11023-018-9482-5","article-title":"AI4People \u2013 an ethical framework for a good AI society: opportunities, risks, principles, and recommendations","volume":"28","year":"2018","journal-title":"Minds and Machines"},{"key":"key2023013111384176100_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/9780230591288","article-title":"Risk and the public acceptance of new technologies","volume-title":"Risk and the Public Acceptance of New Technologies","year":"2007"},{"key":"key2023013111384176100_ref019","volume-title":"Value Sensitive Design: Shaping Technology with Moral Imagination","year":"2019"},{"key":"key2023013111384176100_ref020","first-page":"37","article-title":"Soft law for hard problems: the governance of emerging technologies in an uncertain future","volume":"17","year":"2018","journal-title":"Colorado Technology Law Journal"},{"key":"key2023013111384176100_ref021","volume-title":"Risk Modeling, Assessment, and Management","year":"2005","edition":"3rd ed."},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023013111384176100_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327957PSPR0501_5","article-title":"Do moderators of the optimistic bias affect personal or target risk estimates? A review of the literature","volume":"5","year":"2001","journal-title":"Personality and Social Psychology Review"},{"key":"key2023013111384176100_ref023","unstructured":"High-Level Independent Group on Artificial Intelligence (AI HLEG) (2019a), \u201cEthics guidelines for trustworthy AI\u201d, available at: https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/newsroom\/dae\/document.cfm?doc_id=60419"},{"key":"key2023013111384176100_ref024","unstructured":"High-Level Independent Group on Artificial Intelligence (AI HLEG) (2019b), \u201cPolicy and investment recommendations for trustworthy artificial intelligence\u201d, available at: https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/digital-single-market\/en\/news\/policy-and-investment-recommendations-trustworthy-artificial-intelligence"},{"key":"key2023013111384176100_ref025","volume-title":"Technology and the Lifeworld: From Garden to Earth","year":"1990"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2023013111384176100_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-014-2180-1","article-title":"Technology with no human responsibility?","volume":"127","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"key":"key2023013111384176100_ref027","unstructured":"Kahan, D.M. (2010), \u201cEmotions and risky technologies: emotions and risky technologies\u201d, available at: www.springerlink.com\/index\/10.1007\/978-90-481-8647-1"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023013111384176100_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1108\/JICES-01-2021-0016","article-title":"Global ethics for the digital age \u2013 flourishing ethics","volume":"19","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society"},{"key":"key2023013111384176100_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2864","DOI":"10.1145\/2851581.2892331","article-title":"The WEAR scale: developing a measure of the social acceptability of a wearable device","volume-title":"Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems \u2013 Proceedings","year":"2016"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2023013111384176100_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/s11023-007-9079-x","article-title":"Universal intelligence: a definition of machine intelligence","volume":"17","year":"2007","journal-title":"Minds and Machines"},{"key":"key2023013111384176100_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-41959-6_26","article-title":"Droning on about drones \u2013 acceptance of and perceived barriers to drones in civil usage contexts","volume":"499","year":"2017","journal-title":"Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing"},{"key":"key2023013111384176100_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","article-title":"Extending the technology acceptance model to account for social influence: theoretical bases and empirical validation","year":"1999","DOI":"10.1109\/hicss.1999.772658"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023013111384176100_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.23699","article-title":"Going beyond intention: integrating behavioral expectation into the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology","volume":"68","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology"},{"key":"key2023013111384176100_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morley, J., Floridi, L., Kinsey, L. and Elhalal, A. (2019), \u201cFrom what to how: an overview of AI ethics tools, methods and research to translate principles into practices\u201d, available at: https:\/\/arxiv.org\/ftp\/arxiv\/papers\/1905\/1905.06876.pdf","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3830348"},{"key":"key2023013111384176100_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b16768-38","article-title":"Usability engineering","volume-title":"Computer Science Handbook","year":"2004","edition":"2nd ed."},{"key":"key2023013111384176100_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","article-title":"Privacy and security aspects of the 5G technology","year":"2022","DOI":"10.2861\/255532"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023013111384176100_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00136399","article-title":"Beyond acceptable risk: on the social acceptability of technologies","volume":"14","year":"1982","journal-title":"Policy Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023013111384176100_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1088-4963.1995.tb00029.x","article-title":"The cunning of trust","volume":"24","year":"1995","journal-title":"Philosophy & Public Affairs"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023013111384176100_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.5860\/choice.34-1636","article-title":"A guide to the project management body of knowledge","volume":"34","author":"PMI Global Standard","year":"1996","journal-title":"In Choice Reviews Online"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023013111384176100_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1080\/00223980.1975.9915803","article-title":"A protection motivation theory of fear appeals and attitude change","volume":"91","year":"1975","journal-title":"The Journal of Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023013111384176100_ref041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1108\/JICES-05-2020-0060","article-title":"The digital divide is a multi-dimensional complex","volume":"18","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023013111384176100_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.5840\/techne19994311","article-title":"Philosophy of socio-technical systems","volume":"4","year":"1999","journal-title":"Society for Philosophy and Technology Quarterly Electronic Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023013111384176100_ref043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.5131\/AJCL.2013.0009","article-title":"Extraterritoriality and territorial extension in EU law","volume":"62","year":"2014","journal-title":"American Journal of Comparative Law"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2023013111384176100_ref044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1080\/01972243.2013.825357","article-title":"Charting sociotechnical dimensions of values for design research","volume":"29","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Information Society"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2023013111384176100_ref045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.9785\/cri-2019-200402","article-title":"The EU approach to ethics guidelines for trustworthy artificial intelligence","volume":"20","year":"2019","journal-title":"Computer Law Review International"},{"key":"key2023013111384176100_ref046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhm.2018.06.017","article-title":"5G AI-enabled automation","volume-title":"Wiley 5G Ref: The Essential 5G Reference Online","year":"2020"},{"key":"key2023013111384176100_ref047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhm.2018.06.017","article-title":"Impact of cultural values on technology acceptance and technology readiness","volume":"77","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Hospitality Management"},{"issue":"10","key":"key2023013111384176100_ref048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.12734","article-title":"Bridging the gap between social acceptance and ethical acceptability","volume":"37","year":"2017","journal-title":"Risk Analysis"},{"issue":"suppl_1","key":"key2023013111384176100_ref049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1093\/jae\/ejx013","article-title":"Pathways less explored-locus of control and technology adoption","volume":"26","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of African Economies"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023013111384176100_ref050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s43681-021-00038-3","article-title":"Mapping value sensitive design onto AI for social good principles","volume":"1","year":"2021","journal-title":"AI and Ethics"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2023013111384176100_ref052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.17705\/1jais.00428","article-title":"Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology: a synthesis and the road ahead","volume":"17","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of the Association for Information Systems"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023013111384176100_ref051","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.2307\/30036540","article-title":"User acceptance of information technology: toward a unified view","volume":"27","year":"2003","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems"},{"key":"key2023013111384176100_ref053","unstructured":"Verbeek, P. (2016), \u201cToward a theory of technological mediation a program for postphenomenological research\u201d, Technoscience and Postphenomenology. The Manhattan Papers, pp. 189-204."},{"key":"key2023013111384176100_ref054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1515\/9789048550180-016","article-title":"Ethics as an escape from regulation: from \u2018ethics-washing\u2019 to ethics-shopping","volume-title":"Being Profiled: Cogitas Ergo Sum. 10 Years of \u2018Profiling the European Citizen","year":"2018"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023013111384176100_ref055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1108\/GKMC-09-2017-0079","article-title":"Technology acceptance model and social network sites (SNS): a selected review of literature","volume":"67","year":"2018","journal-title":"Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication"}],"container-title":["Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/JICES-09-2021-0095\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/JICES-09-2021-0095\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T21:38:44Z","timestamp":1753393124000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/jices\/article\/21\/1\/94-111\/432645"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/JICES-09-2021-0095"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/jices-09-2021-0095","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-996X","1477-996X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-996X","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-996X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]]}}}