{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T20:32:57Z","timestamp":1775161977040,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,4]],"date-time":"2022-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649030400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JICES"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of the ethical investigation of the emerging practice of people analytics (PA) within human resource (HR) management through charting the development of PA before during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This paper is designed as a short review of the current thinking in the ethics of PA, a practical journey through the progression of PA across the pandemic and a theoretical exploration of PA through three lenses: virtue ethics, critical social theory and actor network theory.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The authors suggest that PA raises novel ethical issues in terms of personal impact, increased penetration into working and home lives and the punch delivered in terms of organisational and behavioural change.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study provides a short review of three theoretical approaches to PA. Detailed research and reflection is required to develop and extend an ethics of PA. While engagement with the ethics of PA requires gaining an understanding of the discipline, ideas and jargon of HR management, it is essential that ethicists engage with PA as HR departments take on greater influence and adopt executive roles.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>PA is now at the top of the HR management agenda, but there is limited understanding of the technology, the ethics and the new responsibilities it brings for HR management. This paper raises the profile of an ethical agenda, which practitioners should engage with.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Social implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The ethical consequences of PA have social implications as work practices change and hybrid working becomes prevalent. It has the potential to change the relationship between home and the workplace.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This paper provides a unique synthesis of theory and practice in a new area of ethical importance.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/jices-09-2021-0096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T04:35:31Z","timestamp":1648787731000},"page":"480-494","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Post-COVID-19 ethics of people analytics"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Vincent","family":"Bryce","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Neil Kenneth","family":"McBride","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mayen","family":"Cunden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"key2022101114531166100_ref08at","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1111\/ntwe.12146","article-title":"Mapping themes in the study of new work practices","volume":"34","year":"2019","journal-title":"New Technology, Work and Employment"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2022101114531166100_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00162659","article-title":"System and lifeworld in habermas\u2019s \u2018theory of communicative action\u2019","volume":"16","year":"1987","journal-title":"Theory and Society"},{"key":"key2022101114531166100_ref002","unstructured":"BBC, (2020), \u201cBarclays scraps \u2018big brother\u2019 staff tracking system\u201d, BBC News Website, available at: www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/business-51570401"},{"key":"key2022101114531166100_ref003","article-title":"Goldman sachs: Boss rejects work from home as new normal. Goldman Sachs: Bank boss rejects work from home as the 'new normal","author":"BBC","year":"2021"},{"issue":"7","key":"key2022101114531166100_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200462","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.200462","article-title":"An unethical optimization principle","volume":"7","year":"2020","journal-title":"Royal Society Open Science"},{"key":"key2022101114531166100_ref034a","unstructured":"Cheong, M., Lederman, R., McLoughney, A., Njoto, S., Ruppanner, L. and Wirth, A. (2021), Ethical Implications of AI Bias as a Result of Workforce Gender Imbalance, University of Melbourne, available at: https:\/\/about.unimelb.edu.au\/__data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0024\/186252\/NEW-RESEARCH-REPORT-Ethical-Implications-of-AI-Bias-as-a-Result-of-Workforce-Gender-Imbalance-UniMelb,-UniBank.pdf"},{"issue":"10","key":"key2022101114531166100_ref005","first-page":"1","article-title":"Recruiting in the robot age: examining potential EEO implications in optimizing recruiting through the use of artificial intelligence","volume":"36","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Computer and Internet Lawyer"},{"key":"key2022101114531166100_ref006","unstructured":"CIPD. (2017), \u201cHuman Capital analytics and reporting: exploring theory and evidence\u201d, available at: www.cipd.co.uk\/Images\/human-capital-analytics-and-reporting_tcm18-22281.pdf (accessed 16 February 2021)."},{"key":"key2022101114531166100_ref007","unstructured":"CIPD. (2018a), \u201cChartered institute of personnel and development \u2013 new profession map\u201d, available at: https:\/\/peopleprofession.cipd.org\/profession-map"},{"key":"key2022101114531166100_ref008","article-title":"People analytics: Driving business performance with people data","author":"CIPD","year":"2018"},{"key":"key2022101114531166100_ref009","unstructured":"CIPD. (2020a), \u201cPeople analytics factsheet\u201d, available at: www.cipd.co.uk\/knowledge\/strategy\/analytics\/factsheet#gref (accessed 16 February 2021)."},{"key":"key2022101114531166100_ref010","unstructured":"CIPD. (2020b), \u201cTalent management factsheet\u201d, available at: www.cipd.co.uk\/knowledge\/strategy\/resourcing\/talent-factsheet"},{"key":"key2022101114531166100_ref011","article-title":"Workplace technology \u2013 the employee experience. CIPD","author":"CIPD","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2022101114531166100_ref044a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100762","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrmr.2020.100762","article-title":"Working in the digitized economy: HRM theory & practice","volume":"31","year":"2021","journal-title":"Human Resource Management Review"},{"key":"key2022101114531166100_ref044aa","unstructured":"Dastin, J. (2018), \u201cAmazon scraps secret AI recruiting tool that showed bias against women\u201d, Reuters, available at: www.reuters.com\/article\/us-amazon-com-jobs-automation-insight\/amazon-scraps-secret-ai-recruiting-tool-that-showed-bias-against-women-idUSKCN1MK08G"},{"key":"key2022101114531166100_ref011a","volume-title":"Predictive HR Analytics: Mastering the HR Metric","year":"2016"},{"key":"key2022101114531166100_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","article-title":"Slave to the algorithm? Why a \u2018right to an explanation\u2019 is probably not the remedy you are looking for [preprint]","year":"2017","DOI":"10.31228\/osf.io\/97upg"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2022101114531166100_ref08a","first-page":"28","article-title":"In search of HR intelligence: evidence-based HR analytics practices in high performing companies","volume":"36","year":"2014","journal-title":"People and Strategy"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2022101114531166100_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infoandorg.2020.100301","article-title":"Breaking the vicious cycle of algorithmic management: a virtue ethics approach to people analytics","volume":"30","year":"2020","journal-title":"Information and Organization"},{"key":"key2022101114531166100_ref014","unstructured":"Ganz, J. Reinsel, D. and Rydning, J. (2020), \u201cInternational data corporation: the digitization of the world from edge to core\u201d, available at: www.seagate.com\/files\/www-content\/our-story\/trends\/files\/dataage-idc-report-final.pdf"},{"key":"key2022101114531166100_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0960085X.2021.1927213","article-title":"The dark sides of people analytics: reviewing the perils for organisations and employees","year":"2021","journal-title":"European Journal of Information Systems"},{"key":"key2022101114531166100_ref016","unstructured":"Green, D. (2020), \u201cThe \u2018future of work\u2019 has arrived: 12 predictions for HR in 2021\u201d, available at: www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/future-work-has-arrived-10-predictions-hr-2021-david-green (accessed 15 February 2021)."},{"key":"key2022101114531166100_ref017","unstructured":"Hames, A. (2019), \u201cHow to ethically secure people analytics\u201d, HRTechnologist, available at: www.hrtechnologist.com\/articles\/hr-analytics\/how-to-ethically-secure-people-analytics\/ (accessed 15 February 2021)."},{"issue":"6","key":"key2022101114531166100_ref018","first-page":"1","article-title":"The boeing 737 max: lessons for engineering ethics","volume":"26","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science and Engineering Ethics"},{"key":"key2022101114531166100_ref019","article-title":"Spend less time tracking and more time growing","author":"Hubstaff","year":"2021"},{"key":"key2022101114531166100_ref020","unstructured":"Kallenberg, B. (2011), \u201cThe master argument of MacIntyre's 'after virtue\u201d, Religious Studies Faculty Publications. 66, available at: https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/rel_fac_pub\/66"},{"key":"key2022101114531166100_ref07aa","unstructured":"Kaur, J. and Fink, A.A. (2017), \u201cTrends and practices in talent analytics\u201d, Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM)-Society for Industrial-Organizational Psychology (SIOP) Science of HR White Paper Series, available at: www.shrm.org\/hr-today\/trends-and-forecasting\/special-reports-and-expert-views\/Documents\/2017%2010_SHRM-SIOP%20Talent%20Analytics.pdf"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2022101114531166100_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1037\/amp0000716","article-title":"COVID-19 and the workplace: Implications, issues, and insights for future research and action","volume":"76","year":"2021","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"key":"key2022101114531166100_ref022","volume-title":"Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor Network Theory","year":"2005"},{"key":"key2022101114531166100_ref044ab","unstructured":"Lecher, C. (2019), \u201cHow Amazon automatically tracks and fires warehouse workers for \u2018productivity\u2019\u201d, The Verge, available at: www.theverge.com\/2019\/4\/25\/18516004\/amazon-warehouse-fulfillment-centers-productivity-firing-terminations"},{"key":"key2022101114531166100_ref023","first-page":"70","article-title":"Better people analytics","year":"2018","journal-title":"Harvard Business Review"},{"key":"key2022101114531166100_ref024","article-title":"Strategic workforce analytics. CRF research","year":"2017"},{"key":"key2022101114531166100_ref025","unstructured":"Lund, S. Madgavkar, A. Manyika, J. and Smit, S. (2020), \u201cWhat\u2019s next for remote work: an analysis of 2000 tasks, 800 jobs and nine countries\u201d, McKinsey Report, available at: www.mckinsey.com\/featured-insights\/future-of-work\/whats-next-for-remote-work-an-analysis-of-2000-tasks-800-jobs-and-nine-countries (accessed 24 February 2021)."},{"key":"key2022101114531166100_ref026","article-title":"After virtue. Duckworth","year":"2007"},{"key":"key2022101114531166100_ref027","unstructured":"Marr, B. (2020), \u201cWhat are the pitfalls of people analytics and data driven HR? Forbes\u201d, available at: www.forbes.com\/sites\/bernardmarr\/2020\/02\/12\/what-are-the-pitfalls-of-people-analytics-and-data-driven-hr\/?sh=3386bfb83c38 (accessed 15 February 2021)."},{"key":"key2022101114531166100_ref028","unstructured":"Mathur, P. and Shagam, D. (2016), \u201cPeople analytics: breaking myths with agility and passion\u201d, available at: www.slideshare.net\/linkedin-talent-solutions\/people-analytics-breaking-myths-with-agility-and-passion-talent-connect-2016 (accessed 16 February 2021)."},{"key":"key2022101114531166100_ref029","article-title":"Equiem and metrikus launch smart equiem and metrikus launch smart","author":"Metrikus","year":"2020"},{"key":"key2022101114531166100_ref030","article-title":"The PropTech guide to IoT","author":"Metrikus","year":"2020"},{"key":"key2022101114531166100_ref031","article-title":"Embracing a flexible workplace. Embracing a flexible workplace - the official Microsoft blog","author":"Microsoft","year":"2020"},{"key":"key2022101114531166100_ref032","article-title":"This is Microsoft viva employee experience and engagement | Microsoft viva","author":"Microsoft","year":"2020"},{"key":"key2022101114531166100_ref033","article-title":"MS-Viva youtube video (2) microsoft Viva \u2013 Product overview \u2013 YouTube","author":"Microsoft","year":"2021"},{"key":"key2022101114531166100_ref034","first-page":"343","article-title":"Attention and control","volume-title":"Organizational Control: New Directions in Theory and Research","year":"2012"},{"key":"key2022101114531166100_ref035","volume-title":"Oracle Talent Management","author":"Oracle","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2022101114531166100_ref044ad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/ntwe.12104","article-title":"Of crowds and talents: discursive constructions of global online labour","volume":"33","year":"2018","journal-title":"New Technology, Work and Employment"},{"key":"key2022101114531166100_ref036","unstructured":"Putter, B. (2019), \u201cWhat boeing has taught us about not neglecting company culture\u201d, Forbes Dec 18th 2019, available at: www.forbes.com\/sites\/brettonputter\/2019\/12\/18\/what-boeing-has-taught-us-about-not-neglecting-company-culture-culturegene\/?sh=19af6d8496a1 (accessed 19 February 2021)."},{"key":"key2022101114531166100_ref037","unstructured":"Qualtrics. (2021), \u201cA powerful way to analyse your people data\u201d, available at: www.qualtrics.com\/uk\/employee-experience\/people-analytics\/ (accessed 16 February 2021)."},{"issue":"3","key":"key2022101114531166100_ref016a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orgdyn.2015.05.008","article-title":"Learning from practice: how HR analytics avoids being a management fad","volume":"44","year":"2015","journal-title":"Organizational Dynamics"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2022101114531166100_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1080\/17493460600658318","article-title":"Translations: artifacts from an actor-network perspective","volume":"1","year":"2007","journal-title":"Artifact"},{"issue":"4\/5","key":"key2022101114531166100_ref039","first-page":"1","article-title":"HR analytics and ethics","volume":"63","year":"2019","journal-title":"IBM Research and Development"},{"key":"key2022101114531166100_ref040","article-title":"Monitor space utilisation to increase workplace effectiveness space utilization monitor","author":"Spacewell","year":"2021"},{"key":"key2022101114531166100_ref041","article-title":"User and entity behavioural analytics user and entity behavior analytics (UEBA)","author":"Teramind","year":"2021"},{"key":"key2022101114531166100_ref042","first-page":"244","article-title":"People analytics: a scoping review of conceptual boundaries and value propositions","volume":"43","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Information Management"},{"key":"key2022101114531166100_ref043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/PR-12-2019-0680","article-title":"The ethics of people analytics. Risk, opportunities and recommendations","year":"2021","journal-title":"Personnel Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2022101114531166100_ref044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrmr.2015.01.004","article-title":"Are we there yet? What\u2019s next for HR?","volume":"25","year":"2015","journal-title":"Human Resource Management Review"},{"key":"key2022101114531166100_ref045","article-title":"A message to our users a message to our Users - Zoom blog","author":"Zoom","year":"2021"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2022101114531166100_ref046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.14512\/gaia.26.4.9","article-title":"Out of the comfort zone! governing the exnovation of unsustainable technologies and practices","volume":"26","year":"2017","journal-title":"GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society"},{"key":"key2022101114531166100_ref047","unstructured":"Bersin, J. (2015), \u201cThe geeks arrive in HR: people analytics is here\u201d, Forbes Magazine, available at: www.forbes.com\/sites\/joshbersin\/2015\/02\/01\/geeks-arrive-in-hr-people-analytics-is-here\/?sh=4832433b73b4 (accessed 1 February 2015)."},{"key":"key2022101114531166100_ref048","unstructured":"Bodie, M. Cherry, M. McCormick, M. and Tang, J. (2016), \u201cThe law and policy of people analytics\u201d, University of Colorado Law Review, available at: https:\/\/scholarship.law.slu.edu\/faculty\/3\/ (accessed 1 March 2016)."},{"key":"key2022101114531166100_ref049","article-title":"Taylor review of modern working practices","author":"Department for Work and Pensions","year":"2017"},{"key":"key2022101114531166100_ref050","article-title":"Software defined WAN for the home SD-HOME \u2013 software-defined WAN for remote workers (exponential-e.com)","author":"Exponetial-E","year":"2021"},{"key":"key2022101114531166100_ref051","unstructured":"Gifford, J. and Houghton, E. (2019), \u201cCIPD research report \u2013 people and machines: from hype to reality\u201d, Chartered Institute for Personnel and Development, available at: www.cipd.co.uk\/Images\/people-and-machines-report-1_tcm18-56970.pdf"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2022101114531166100_ref052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9973.1985.tb00173.x","article-title":"what is computer ethics?","volume":"16","year":"1985","journal-title":"Metaphilosophy"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2022101114531166100_ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1177\/0170840606062427","article-title":"In search of organizational virtue in business: agents, goods, practices, institutions and environments","volume":"27","year":"2006","journal-title":"Organization Studies"},{"key":"key2022101114531166100_ref054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-024-1720-3_7","article-title":"Towards a business case for responsible innovation","volume-title":"Responsible Innovation","year":"2020"},{"key":"key2022101114531166100_ref055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-024-1720-3_5","article-title":"RI \u2013 a drain on company resources or a competitive advantage?","volume-title":"Responsible Innovation","year":"2020"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2022101114531166100_ref056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.5465\/amj.2012.0911","article-title":"Watching you watching me: boundary control and capturing attention in the context of ubiquitous technology use","volume":"58","year":"2015","journal-title":"Academy of Management Journal"},{"key":"key2022101114531166100_ref057","unstructured":"Tata Consultancy. (2020), \u201cDigital readiness and COVID-19: assessing the impact\u201d, available at: www.tcs.com\/content\/dam\/tcs\/pdf\/perspectives\/covid-19\/business-impact-survey-2020.pdf (accessed 24 February 2021)."}],"container-title":["Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/JICES-09-2021-0096\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/JICES-09-2021-0096\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T21:38:44Z","timestamp":1753393124000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/jices\/article\/20\/4\/480-494\/224745"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,4]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/JICES-09-2021-0096"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/jices-09-2021-0096","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-996X","1477-996X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-996X","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-996X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,4]]}}}