{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T03:53:56Z","timestamp":1768276436054,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]],"date-time":"2020-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601424000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JKM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aims to look at the relationship of external embeddedness and institutional distance (governance aspects) with the foreign subsidiary research and development (R&amp;D) capacity. Furthermore, it examines whether these relationships are mediated by subsidiary product and process innovation, and whether institutional distance plays a moderating role in the relationship between subsidiary innovation and R&amp;D capacity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>The authors draw on survey data from 130 foreign subsidiaries operating in Brazil and test their model using variance-based structural equation modeling.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results suggest that subsidiary (product and process) innovation fully mediates the relationships between: subsidiary external embeddedness and R&amp;D capacity; and institutional distance and subsidiary R&amp;D capacity, such that the relationship is positive in case of the former and negative in case of the latter. The relationship between subsidiary product and process innovation and R&amp;D capacity is positive and stronger at lower levels of institutional distance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>The research ignores the underlying mechanisms of the external embeddedness and institutional distance relationship with subsidiary R&amp;D capacity. Furthermore, institutional distance based on formal governance aspects and their impacts on subsidiary innovation and R&amp;D capacity are rarely investigated. This paper contributes with regard to these aspects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/jkm-02-2020-0083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]],"date-time":"2020-09-30T09:29:25Z","timestamp":1601458165000},"page":"2513-2530","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The roles of external embeddedness and institutional distance in the subsidiary product\/process innovation and R&amp;D capacity"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Cristina Doritta","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felipe Mendes","family":"Borini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Mustafa","family":"Raziq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto Carlos","family":"Bernardes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"key2021020511495838100_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1057\/jibs.2012.11","article-title":"Do country-level institutional frameworks and interfirm governance arrangements substitute or complement in international business relationships?","volume":"43","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of International Business Studies"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021020511495838100_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2007.06.011","article-title":"Breakthrough? 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