{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T04:30:58Z","timestamp":1768797058795,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":128,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]],"date-time":"2020-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597881600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JKM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this paper is to study how the online temporary crowd shares knowledge in a way that fosters the integration of their diverse knowledge. Having the crowd integrate its knowledge to offer solution-ideas to ill-structured problems posed by organizations is one of the desired outcomes of crowd-based open innovation because, by integrating others\u2019 knowledge, the ideas are more likely to consider the many divergent issues related to solving the ill-structured problem. Unfortunately, the diversity of knowledge content offered by heterogeneous specialists in the online temporary crowd makes integration difficult, and the lean social context of the crowd makes extensive dialogue to resolve integration issues impractical. The authors address this issue by exploring theoretically how the manner in which interaction is organically conducted during open innovation challenges enables the generation of integrative ideas. The authors hypothesize that, as online crowds organically share knowledge based upon successful pro-socially motivated interaction, they become more productive in generating integrative ideas.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using a multilevel mixed-effects model, this paper analyzed 2,244 posts embedded in 747 threads with 214 integrative ideas taken from 10 open innovation challenges.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Integrative ideas were more likely to occur after pro-socially motivated interactions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ideas that integrate knowledge about the variety of issues that relate to solving an ill-structured problem are desired outcomes of crowd-based open innovation challenges. Given that members of the crowd in open innovation challenges rarely engage in dialogue, a new theory is needed to explain why integrative ideas emerge at all. The authors\u2019 adaptation of pro-social motivation interaction theory helps to provide such a theoretical explanation. Practitioners of crowd-based open innovation should endeavor to implement systems that encourage the crowd members to maintain a high level of activeness in pro-socially motivated interaction to ensure that their knowledge is integrated as solutions are generated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study extends the crowd-based open innovation literature by identifying new forms of social interaction that foster more integrated ideas from the crowd, suggesting the mitigating role of pro-socially motivated interaction in the negative relationship between knowledge diversity and knowledge integration. This study fills in the research gap in knowledge management research describing a need for conceptual frameworks explaining how to manage the increasing complexity of knowledge in the context of crowd-based collaboration for innovation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/jkm-04-2020-0303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]],"date-time":"2020-08-20T10:52:46Z","timestamp":1597920766000},"page":"2127-2147","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Pro-socially motivated interaction for knowledge integration in crowd-based open innovation"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Yao","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Tuertscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Majchrzak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Arvind","family":"Malhotra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"key2021121312420822700_ref001","article-title":"Beyond intrinsic motivation: on the nature of individual motivation in large-scale collaborative creativity","year":"2009"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021121312420822700_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aos.2011.02.002","article-title":"Combining creativity and control: understanding individual motivation in large-scale collaborative creativity","volume":"36","year":"2011","journal-title":"Accounting, Organizations and Society"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021121312420822700_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.2010.0146","article-title":"Crowdsourcing as a solution to distant search","volume":"37","year":"2012","journal-title":"Academy of Management Review"},{"issue":"12","key":"key2021121312420822700_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.10107","article-title":"Knowledge integration in virtual teams: the potential role of KMS","volume":"53","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021121312420822700_ref005","first-page":"123","article-title":"A model of creativity and innovation in organizations","volume":"36","year":"1988","journal-title":"Research in Organizational Behavior"},{"key":"key2021121312420822700_ref006","volume-title":"Creativity in Context: Update to \u201cthe Social Psychology of Creativity","year":"1996"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021121312420822700_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.60.2.241","article-title":"Close relationships as including other in the self","volume":"60","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2021121312420822700_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1177\/0170840614556918","article-title":"How is new organizational knowledge created in a virtual context? 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