{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T17:35:54Z","timestamp":1754156154160,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,4]],"date-time":"2014-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1391472000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>\u2013<jats:italic>Drawing from knowledge-based view and balanced scorecard approach, this study seeks to develop an integrative model to examine the influence of two knowledge management (KM) strategies, codification KM strategy and personalization KM strategy, on the multi-stage KM evolution (KM adoption, implementation and institutionalization stages), which in turn affects balanced scorecard outcomes (financial performance, internal process performance, customer performance, and growth and learning performance).<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>\u2013<jats:italic>Survey data from 244 managers (currently and directly in charge of KM activities) in large Taiwanese firms were collected and used to test the research model using the structural equation modeling (SEM) approach.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>\u2013<jats:italic>The results have revealed that both the codification KM strategy and personalization KM strategy are positive factors for stage-based KM evolution, but their relative importance differs across the three subsamples. Additionally, the results showed that the internal process and customer perspectives play a critical role in measuring performance during the earlier stages of KM evolution, while the financial and learning and growth perspectives emphasize the performance achievements from the latter stages.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>\u2013<jats:italic>Since KM implementation is an evolutionary process, using both financial and non-financial measures to assess organizational performance through KM efforts, such as the four balanced scorecard perspectives, can take full advantage of stage-based KM evolution. The results indicate that the time-lag effect is critical to distinguishing different forms of organizational performance.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>\u2013<jats:italic>Theoretically, this study aims to provide a research model that is capable of understanding the antecedents and consequences of staged-based KM evolution. From a managerial perspective, the findings of this study provide valuable guidelines to policy-makers and practitioners in accelerating KM evolution and achieving organizational performance.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/jkm-07-2013-0278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,6]],"date-time":"2014-03-06T11:42:02Z","timestamp":1394106122000},"page":"52-74","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["A multi-stage analysis of antecedents and consequences of knowledge management evolution"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Hsiu-Fen","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anantatmula, V.S. (2007), \u201cLinking KM effectiveness attributes to organizational performance\u201d, VINE: The Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems, Vol. 37 No. 2, pp. 133-149.","DOI":"10.1108\/03055720710759928"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andreeva, T. and Kianto, A. (2012), \u201cDoes knowledge management really matter? Linking knowledge management practices, competitiveness and economic performance\u201d, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 16 No. 4, pp. 617-636.","DOI":"10.1108\/13673271211246185"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Armstrong, J.S. and Overton, T.S. (1977), \u201cEstimating non-response bias in mail surveys\u201d, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 14 No. 3, pp. 396-402.","DOI":"10.1177\/002224377701400320"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arora, R. and Implementing, K.M. (2002), \u201ca balanced score card approach\u201d, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 6 No. 3, pp. 240-249.","DOI":"10.1108\/13673270210434340"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beckett, A.J. , Wainwright, C.E.R. and Bance, D. (2000), \u201cKnowledge management: strategy or software\u201d, Management Decision, Vol. 38 No. 9, pp. 601-606.","DOI":"10.1108\/00251740010357221"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhatt, G.D. , Gupta, J.N.D. and Kitchens, F. (2005), \u201cAn exploratory study of groupware use in the knowledge management process\u201d, The Journal of Enterprise Information Management, Vol. 18 No. 1, pp. 28-46.","DOI":"10.1108\/17410390510571475"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boh, W.F. (2007), \u201cMechanisms for sharing knowledge in project-based organizations\u201d, Information and Organizations, Vol. 17 No. 1, pp. 27-58.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infoandorg.2006.10.001"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bose, R. (2004), \u201cKnowledge management metrics\u201d, Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 104 No. 6, pp. 457-468.","DOI":"10.1108\/02635570410543771"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boumarafi, B. and Jabnoun, N. (2008), \u201cKnowledge management and performance in UAE business organizations\u201d, Knowledge Management Research & Practice, Vol. 6 No. 3, pp. 233-238.","DOI":"10.1057\/kmrp.2008.16"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang, S.C. and Lee, M.S. (2008), \u201cThe linkage between knowledge accumulation capability and organizational innovation\u201d, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 12 No. 1, pp. 3-20.","DOI":"10.1108\/13673270810852359"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, M.Y. and Chen, A.P. (2006), \u201cKnowledge management evaluation: a decade review from 1995 to 2004\u201d, Journal of Information Science, Vol. 32 No. 1, pp. 17-38.","DOI":"10.1177\/0165551506059220"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, D.N. and Liang, T.P. (2011), \u201cKnowledge evolution strategies and organizational performance: a strategic fit analysis\u201d, Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, Vol. 10 No. 1, pp. 75-84.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elerap.2010.10.004"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, M.Y. , Huang, M.J. and Cheng, Y.C. (2009), \u201cMeasuring knowledge management performance using a competitive perspective: an empirical study\u201d, Expert Systems with Applications, Vol. 36 No. 4, pp. 8449-8459.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2008.10.067"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, D.N. , Liang, T.P. and Lin, B. (2010), \u201cAn ecological model for organizational knowledge management\u201d, Journal of Computer Information Systems, Vol. 50 No. 3, pp. 11-22.","DOI":"10.1080\/08874417.2015.11645767"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, L. and Mohamed, S. (2008), \u201cContribution of knowledge management activities to organizational business performance\u201d, Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, Vol. 6 No. 3, pp. 269-285.","DOI":"10.1108\/17260530810918289"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b16","unstructured":"Chin, W.W. and Frye, T.A. (1994), PLS-Graph User's Manual, Faculty of Management, University of Calgary, Alberta."},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chin, W.W. , Marcolin, B. and Newsted, P. (2003), \u201cA partial least squares latent variable modeling approach for measuring interaction effects: results from a Monte Carlo simulation study and an electronic-mail emotion\/adoption study\u201d, Information Systems Research, Vol. 14 No. 2, pp. 189-217.","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.14.2.189.16018"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choi, B. and Lee, H. (2002), \u201cKnowledge management strategy and its link to knowledge creation process\u201d, Expert Systems with Applications, Vol. 23 No. 3, pp. 173-187.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(02)00038-6"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choi, B. and Lee, H. (2003), \u201cAn empirical investigation of KM styles and their effect on corporate performance\u201d, Information & Management, Vol. 40 No. 5, pp. 403-417.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(02)00060-5"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choi, B. , Poon, S.K. and Davis, J.G. (2008), \u201cEffects of knowledge management strategy on organizational performance: a complementarity theory-based approach\u201d, OMEGA \u2013 The International Journal of Management Science, Vol. 36 No. 2, pp. 235-251.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2006.06.007"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chow, C.W. , Deng, F.J. and Ho, J.L. (2000), \u201cThe openness of knowledge sharing within organizations: a comparative study of the United States and the People's Republic of China\u201d, Journal of Management Accounting Research, Vol. 12 No. 1, pp. 65-95.","DOI":"10.2308\/jmar.2000.12.1.65"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choy, C.S. , Yew, W.K. and Lin, B. (2006), \u201cCriteria for measuring KM performance outcomes in organizations\u201d, Industrial Management & Data System, Vol. 106 No. 7, pp. 917-936.","DOI":"10.1108\/02635570610688850"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Damanpour, F. and Evan, W.M. (1984), \u201cOrganizational innovation and performance: the problem of organizational gap\u201d, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 29 No. 3, pp. 329-409.","DOI":"10.2307\/2393031"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Darroch, J. (2005), \u201cKnowledge management, innovation and firm performance\u201d, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 9 No. 3, pp. 101-115.","DOI":"10.1108\/13673270510602809"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Darroch, J. and McNaughton, R. (2002), \u201cExamining the link between knowledge management practices and type of innovation\u201d, Journal of Intellectual Capital, Vol. 3 No. 3, pp. 210-222.","DOI":"10.1108\/14691930210435570"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diakoulakis, I.E. , Georgopoulous, N.B. , Koulouriotis, D.E. and Emiris, D.M. (2006), \u201cTowards a holistic knowledge management model\u201d, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 8 No. 1, pp. 32-46.","DOI":"10.1108\/13673270410523899"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dixon, N.M. (2000), Common Knowledge: How Companies Thrive by Transferring What They Know, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA.","DOI":"10.1145\/334482.334491"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferraresi, A.A. , Quandt, C.O. , dos Santos, S.A. and Frega, J.R. (2012), \u201cKnowledge management and strategic orientation: leveraging innovativeness and performance\u201d, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 16 No. 5, pp. 688-701.","DOI":"10.1108\/13673271211262754"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fornell, C. and Larcker, D.F. (1981), \u201cEvaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error\u201d, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 18 No. 1, pp. 39-50.","DOI":"10.1177\/002224378101800104"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fugate, B.S. , Stank, T.P. and Mentzer, J.T. (2009), \u201cLinking improved knowledge management to operational and organizational performance\u201d, Journal of Operations Management, Vol. 27 No. 3, pp. 247-264.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jom.2008.09.003"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gold, A.H. , Malhotra, A. and Segars, A.H. (2001), \u201cKnowledge management: an organizational capabilities perspective\u201d, Journal of Management Information Systems, Vol. 18 No. 1, pp. 185-214.","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.2001.11045669"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goll, I. , Johnson, N.B. and Rasheed, A.A. (2007), \u201cKnowledge capability, strategic change, and firm performance\u201d, Management Decision, Vol. 45 No. 2, pp. 161-179.","DOI":"10.1108\/00251740710727223"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonzalez-Padron, T.L. , Chabowski, B.R. , Hult, G.T.M. and Ketchen, D.J. Jr (2010), \u201cKnowledge management and balanced scorecard outcomes: exploring the importance of interpretation, learning and internationality\u201d, British Journal of Management, Vol. 21 No. 4, pp. 967-982.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8551.2009.00634.x"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grant, R. (1996), \u201cToward a knowledge-based theory of the firm\u201d, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 17, pp. 109-122.","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.4250171110"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greiner, M.E. , Bohmann, T. and Krcmar, H. (2007), \u201cA strategy for knowledge management\u201d, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 11 No. 6, pp. 3-15.","DOI":"10.1108\/13673270710832127"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hall, R. and Andriani, P. (2003), \u201cManaging knowledge associated with innovation\u201d, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 56 No. 2, pp. 145-152.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0148-2963(01)00287-9"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b37","unstructured":"Hansen, M.T. , Nohria, N. and Tierney, T. (1999), \u201cWhat's your strategy for managing knowledge?\u201d, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 77 No. 2, pp. 106-116."},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hansen, M.T. , Mors, M.L. and Lovas, B. (2005), \u201cKnowledge sharing in organizations: multiple networks, multiple phases\u201d, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 48 No. 5, pp. 776-793.","DOI":"10.5465\/amj.2005.18803922"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hill, C.W.L. and Rothaermel, F.T. (2003), \u201cThe performance of incumbent firms in the face of radical technological innovation\u201d, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 28 No. 2, pp. 257-274.","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.2003.9416161"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hulland, J. (1999), \u201cUse of partial least squares (PLS) in strategic management research: a review of four recent studies\u201d, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 20 No. 2, pp. 195-204.","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0266(199902)20:2<195::AID-SMJ13>3.0.CO;2-7"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jasimuddin, S.M. , Klein, J.H. and Connell, C. (2005), \u201cThe paradox of using tacit and explicit knowledge: strategies to face dilemmas\u201d, Management Decision, Vol. 43 No. 1, pp. 102-112.","DOI":"10.1108\/00251740510572515"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b41","unstructured":"Kaplan, R.S. and Norton, D.P. (1996), The Balanced Scorecard: Translating Strategy Into Action, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA."},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b42","unstructured":"Kaplan, R.S. and Norton, D.P. (2000), \u201cHaving trouble with your strategy? Then map it\u201d, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 78 No. 5, pp. 167-176."},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b43","unstructured":"Kaplan, R.S. and Norton, D.P. (2004a), \u201cMeasuring the strategic readiness of intangible assets\u201d, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 82 No. 2, pp. 52-63."},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaplan, R.S. and Norton, D.P. (2004b), \u201cThe strategy map: guide to aligning intangible assets\u201d, Strategy and Leadership, Vol. 32 No. 5, pp. 10-17.","DOI":"10.1108\/10878570410699825"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar, J.A. and Ganesh, L.S. (2011), \u201cBalancing knowledge strategy: codification and personalization during product development\u201d, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 15 No. 1, pp. 118-135.","DOI":"10.1108\/13673271111108738"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, H. and Choi, B. (2003), \u201cKnowledge management enablers, processes, and organizational performance: an integrative view and empirical examination\u201d, Journal of Management Information Systems, Vol. 20 No. 1, pp. 179-228.","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.2003.11045756"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, J.H. and Kim, Y.G. (2001), \u201cA stage model of organizational KM: a latent content analysis\u201d, Expert Systems with Applications, Vol. 20 No. 4, pp. 299-311.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, Y.C. and Lee, S.K. (2007), \u201cCapabilities, processes, and performance of knowledge management: a structural approach\u201d, Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing, Vol. 17 No. 1, pp. 21-41.","DOI":"10.1002\/hfm.20065"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, Y.C. , Chu, P.Y. and Tseng, H.L. (2011), \u201cCorporate performance of ICT-enabled business process re-engineering\u201d, Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 111 No. 5, pp. 735-754.","DOI":"10.1108\/02635571111137287"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Y. , Liao, X.W. and Lei, H.Z. (2006), \u201cA knowledge management system for ERP implementation\u201d, Systems Research and Behavioral Science, Vol. 23 No. 2, pp. 157-168.","DOI":"10.1002\/sres.751"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, H.F. (2007), \u201cA stage model of knowledge management: an empirical investigation of process and effectiveness\u201d, Journal of Information Science, Vol. 33 No. 6, pp. 643-659.","DOI":"10.1177\/0165551506076395"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, H.F. (2011a), \u201cAntecedents of the stage-based knowledge management evolution\u201d, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 15 No. 1, pp. 136-155.","DOI":"10.1108\/13673271111108747"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, H.F. (2011b), \u201cThe effects of employee motivation, social interaction, and knowledge management (KM) strategy on KM implementation level\u201d, Knowledge Management Research & Practice, Vol. 9 No. 3, pp. 263-275.","DOI":"10.1057\/kmrp.2011.21"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, H.F. and Lee, G.G. (2006), \u201cEffects of socio-technical factors on organizational intention to encourage knowledge sharing\u201d, Management Decision, Vol. 44 No. 1, pp. 74-88.","DOI":"10.1108\/00251740610641472"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lopez-Nicolas, C. and Merono-Cerdan, A.L. (2011), \u201cStrategic knowledge management, innovation and performance\u201d, International Journal of Information Management, Vol. 31 No. 6, pp. 502-509.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2011.02.003"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loukis, E.N. and Charalabidis, Y.K. (2013), \u201cAn empirical investigation of information systems interoperability business value in European firms\u201d, Computers in Industry, Vol. 64 No. 4, pp. 412-420.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compind.2013.01.005"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marr, B. (2004), \u201cMeasuring and benchmarking intellectual capital\u201d, Benchmarking, Vol. 11 No. 6, pp. 559-570.","DOI":"10.1108\/14635770410566474"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meso, P. and Smith, R. (2000), \u201cA resource-based view of organizational knowledge management systems\u201d, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 4 No. 3, pp. 224-234.","DOI":"10.1108\/13673270010350020"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Modell, S. (2009), \u201cBundling management control innovations: a field study of organizational experimenting with total quality management and the balanced scorecard\u201d, Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, Vol. 22 No. 1, pp. 59-90.","DOI":"10.1108\/09513570910923015"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moore, C. , Rowe, B.J. and Widener, S.K. (2001), \u201cHCS: designing a balanced scorecard in a knowledge-based firm\u201d, Issues in Accounting Education, Vol. 16 No. 4, pp. 569-601.","DOI":"10.2308\/iace.2001.16.4.569"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b61","unstructured":"Niven, P.R. (2002), Balanced Scorecard Step-by-Step: Maximizing Performance and Maintaining Results, John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY."},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nonaka, I. (1994), \u201cA dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation\u201d, Organization Science, Vol. 15 No. 1, pp. 14-37.","DOI":"10.1287\/orsc.5.1.14"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nonaka, I. and Takeuchi, H. (1995), The Knowledge Creating Company: How Japanese Companies Create the Dynamics of Innovation, Oxford University Press, New York, NY.","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-6301(96)81509-3"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Norreklit, H. (2003), \u201cThe balanced scorecard: what is the score? A rhetorical analysis of the balanced scorecard\u201d, Accounting Organizations and Society, Vol. 28 No. 6, pp. 591-619.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-3682(02)00097-1"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b65","unstructured":"Nunnally, J.C. and Bernstein, I.H. (1994), Psychometric Theory, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY."},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olson, E.M. and Slater, S.F. (2002), \u201cThe balanced scorecard, competitive strategy, and performance\u201d, Business Horizons, Vol. 45 No. 3, pp. 11-16.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-6813(02)00198-2"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oluikpe, P. (2012), \u201cDeveloping a corporate knowledge management strategy\u201d, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 16 No. 6, pp. 862-878.","DOI":"10.1108\/13673271211276164"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pietrantonio, R. (2007), \u201cAssessment of the knowledge management systems in public administrations of Southern Italy\u201d, VINE: The journal of information and knowledge management systems, Vol. 37 No. 3, pp. 331-347.","DOI":"10.1108\/03055720710825645"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Podsakoff, P.M. , MacKenzie, S.B. , Lee, J.Y. and Podsakoff, N.P. (2003), \u201cCommon method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies\u201d, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 88 No. 5, pp. 879-903.","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.88.5.879"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prencipe, A. and Tell, F. (2001), \u201cInter-project learning: processes and outcomes of knowledge codification in project-based firms\u201d, Research Policy, Vol. 30 No. 9, pp. 1373-1394.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-7333(01)00157-3"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quaddus, M. and Xu, J. (2005), \u201cAdoption and diffusion of knowledge management systems: field studies of factors and variables\u201d, Knowledge-Based Systems, Vol. 18 No. 2, pp. 107-115.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2004.11.001"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ranjit, M. (2004), \u201cKnowledge management metrics\u201d, Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 104 No. 6, pp. 457-468.","DOI":"10.1108\/02635570410543771"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rhodes, J. , Hung, R. , Lok, P. , Lien, B.Y.H. and Wu, C.M. (2008a), \u201cFactors influencing organizational knowledge transfer: implication for corporate performance\u201d, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 12 No. 3, pp. 84-100.","DOI":"10.1108\/13673270810875886"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rhodes, J. , Lok, P. , Hung, R.Y.Y. and Fang, S.C. (2008b), \u201cAn integrative model of organizational learning and social capital on effective knowledge transfer and perceived organizational performance\u201d, Journal of Workplace Learning, Vol. 20 No. 4, pp. 245-258.","DOI":"10.1108\/13665620810871105"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b75","unstructured":"Rogers, E.M. (1995), Diffusion of Innovations, Free Press, New York, NY."},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sabherwal, R. and Becerra-Fernandez, I. (2003), \u201cAn empirical study of the effect of knowledge management processes at individual, group, and organizational levels\u201d, Decision Sciences, Vol. 34 No. 2, pp. 225-260.","DOI":"10.1111\/1540-5915.02329"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santoro, M.D. and Bierly, P.E. (2006), \u201cFacilitators of knowledge transfer in university-industry collaborations: a knowledge-based perspective\u201d, IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 53 No. 4, pp. 495-507.","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2006.883707"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b78","unstructured":"Sawang, S. , Unsworth, K. and Sorbello, T. (2007), \u201cAn exploratory study of innovation effectiveness measurement in Australian and Thai SMEs\u201d, International Journal of Organisational Behaviour, Vol. 12 No. 1, pp. 110-125."},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scarbrough, H. (2003), \u201cKnowledge management, HRM and innovation process\u201d, International Journal of Manpower, Vol. 24 No. 5, pp. 501-516.","DOI":"10.1108\/01437720310491053"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scarbrough, H. and Swan, J. (2001), \u201cExplaining the diffusion of knowledge management: the role of fashion\u201d, British Academy of Management, Vol. 12 No. 1, pp. 3-12.","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8551.00182"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schulz, M. and Jobe, L.A. (1998), \u201cCodification and tacitness as knowledge management strategies: an empirical exploration\u201d, Journal of High Technology Management Research, Vol. 12 No. 1, pp. 139-165.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-8310(00)00043-2"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shih, H.A. and Chiang, Y.H. (2005), \u201cStrategy alignment between HRM, KM, and corporate development\u201d, International Journal of Manpower, Vol. 26 No. 6, pp. 582-603.","DOI":"10.1108\/01437720510625476"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Snyman, M.M.M. and Kruger, C.J. (2004), \u201cThe interdependency between strategic management and strategic knowledge management\u201d, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 8 No. 1, pp. 5-19.","DOI":"10.1108\/13673270410523871"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Srivastava, R.K. , Shervani, T.A. and Fahey, L. (1999), \u201cMarketing, business processes, and shareholder value: an organizationally embedded view of marketing activities and the discipline of marketing\u201d, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 63, pp. 168-179.","DOI":"10.1177\/00222429990634s116"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Subramanian, A. and Nilakanta, S. (1996), \u201cOrganizational innovativeness: exploring the relationship between organizational determinants of innovation, types of innovations, and measures of organizational performance\u201d, International Journal of Management Science, Vol. 24 No. 6, pp. 631-647.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-0483(96)00031-X"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vaccaro, A. , Parente, R. and Veloso, F.M. (2010), \u201cKnowledge management tools, inter-organizational relationships, innovation and firm performance\u201d, Technological Forecasting & Social Change, Vol. 77 No. 7, pp. 1076-1089.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2010.02.006"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Werts, C.E. , Linn, R.L. and Joreskog, K.G. (1974), \u201cIntra-class reliability estimates: testing structural assumptions\u201d, Educational and Psychological Measurement, Vol. 34 No. 1, pp. 25-33.","DOI":"10.1177\/001316447403400104"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"West, J. (2001), \u201cThe mystery of innovation: aligning the triangle of technology, institutions and organization\u201d, Australian Journal of Management, Vol. 26, pp. 21-43.","DOI":"10.1177\/031289620102601S02"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wong, K.Y. (2005), \u201cCritical success factors for implementing knowledge management in small and medium enterprises\u201d, Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 105 No. 3, pp. 261-279.","DOI":"10.1108\/02635570510590101"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, I.L. and Chang, C.H. (2012), \u201cUsing the balanced scorecard in assessing the performance of e-SCM diffusion\u201d, Decision Support Systems, Vol. 52 No. 2, pp. 474-485.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2011.10.008"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, W.Y. and Li, C.Y. (2007), \u201cThe contingency approach to incorporate human, emotional and social influence into a TAM for KM programs\u201d, Journal of Information Science, Vol. 33 No. 3, pp. 275-297.","DOI":"10.1177\/0165551506070730"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, J. and Quaddus, M. (2012), \u201cExamining a model of knowledge management systems adoption and diffusion: a partial least square approach\u201d, Knowledge-Based Systems, Vol. 27 No. 1, pp. 18-28.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2011.10.003"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, J. (2010), \u201cThe knowledge management strategy and its effect on firm performance\u201d, International Journal of Production Economics, Vol. 125 No. 2, pp. 215-223.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2010.03.012"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zack, M.H. (1999), \u201cEnveloping a knowledge strategy\u201d, California Management Review, Vol. 41 No. 3, pp. 125-145.","DOI":"10.2307\/41166000"},{"key":"key2021010304343338100_b95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zack, M. , McKeen, J. and Singh, S. (2009), \u201cKnowledge management and organizational performance: an exploratory analysis\u201d, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 13 No. 6, pp. 392-409.","DOI":"10.1108\/13673270910997088"}],"container-title":["Journal of Knowledge Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/JKM-07-2013-0278","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/JKM-07-2013-0278\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/JKM-07-2013-0278\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T22:26:51Z","timestamp":1753396011000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/jkm\/article\/18\/1\/52-74\/261094"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,4]]},"references-count":96,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/JKM-07-2013-0278"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/jkm-07-2013-0278","relation":{},"ISSN":["1367-3270"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1367-3270"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,4]]}}}