{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T20:27:39Z","timestamp":1781209659733,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,8]],"date-time":"2017-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1494201600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JKM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper aims to investigate three key factors (i.e. cognitive dimensions, the knowledge-driven approach and absorptive capacity) that are likely to determine the preference for informal inbound open innovation (OI) modes, through the lens of the OI model and knowledge-based view (KBV). The innovation literature has differentiated these collaborations into informal inbound OI entry modes and formal inbound OI modes, offering an advocative and conceptual view. However, empirical studies on these collaborations are still limited.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>Building on the above-mentioned theoretical framework, the empirical research was performed in two stages. First, data were collected via a closed-ended questionnaire distributed to all the participants from the sample by e-mail. Second, to assess the hypotheses, structural equation modelling (SEM) via IBM\u00ae SPSS\u00ae Amos 20 was applied.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The empirical research was conducted on 175 small to medium enterprises in the United Kingdom, suggesting that the knowledge-driven approach is the strongest determinant, leading to a preference for informal inbound OI modes. The findings were obtained using SEM and are discussed in line with the theoretical framework.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>Owing to the chosen context and sector of the empirical analysis, the research results may lack generalisability. Hence, new studies are proposed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>The paper includes implications for the development of informal inbound OI led by knowledge-driven approach.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper offers an empirical research to investigate knowledge-driven preferences in informal inbound OI modes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/jkm-10-2016-0465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,20]],"date-time":"2017-03-20T20:22:32Z","timestamp":1490041352000},"page":"640-655","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":270,"title":["Knowledge-driven preferences in informal inbound open innovation modes. An explorative view on small to medium enterprises"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Veronica","family":"Scuotto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manlio","family":"Del Giudice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Bresciani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Meissner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref001","first-page":"1","article-title":"Beyond absorptive capacity in open innovation process: the relationships between openness, capacities and firm performance","volume":"28","year":"2016","journal-title":"Technology Analysis & Strategic Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.2307\/2667105","article-title":"Collaboration networks, structural holes, and innovation: a longitudinal study","volume":"45","year":"2000","journal-title":"Administrative Science Quarterly"},{"key":"key2020120723403509600_ref003","first-page":"1","article-title":"Knowledge management systems: issues, challenges, and benefits","volume":"1","year":"1999","journal-title":"Communications of the AIS"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.2307\/3250961","article-title":"Review: knowledge management and knowledge management systems: conceptual foundations and research issues","volume":"25","year":"2001","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.103.3.411","article-title":"Structural equation modeling in practice: a review and recommended two-step approach","volume":"103","year":"1988","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s11187-014-9577-1","article-title":"Small firm innovation performance and employee involvement","volume":"43","year":"2014","journal-title":"Small Business Economics"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/emre.12047","article-title":"From technological inventions to new products: a systematic review and research agenda of the main enabling factors","volume":"12","year":"2015","journal-title":"European Management Review"},{"issue":"26","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref008","first-page":"603","article-title":"Dynamic entrepreneurship and technology-based innovation","volume":"2016","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Evolutionary Economics"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1177\/014920639101700108","article-title":"Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage","volume":"17","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Management"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1108\/JKM-03-2013-0180","article-title":"Different practices for open innovation: a context-based approach","volume":"17","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Knowledge Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.technovation.2010.03.002","article-title":"Organisational modes for open innovation in the bio-pharmaceutical industry: an exploratory analysis","volume":"31","year":"2011","journal-title":"Technovation"},{"key":"key2020120723403509600_ref012","volume-title":"Classification and Regression Trees","year":"1984"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1108\/BJM-11-2014-0200","article-title":"Innovation-receiving subsidiaries and dual embeddedness: impact on business performance","volume":"11","year":"2016","journal-title":"Baltic Journal of Management"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1111\/jsbm.12120","article-title":"Open innovation in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs): external knowledge sourcing strategies and internal organizational facilitators","volume":"53","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Small Business Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4972(97)00101-6","article-title":"High-technology spin-offs from government R&D laboratories and research universities","volume":"18","year":"1998","journal-title":"Technovation"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1080\/08956308.2004.11671604","article-title":"Managing open innovation","volume":"47","year":"2004","journal-title":"Research-Technology Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref022","first-page":"34","article-title":"The era of open innovation","volume":"127","year":"2006","journal-title":"Managing Innovation and Change"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref019","first-page":"85","article-title":"Bringing open innovation to services","volume":"52","year":"2011","journal-title":"MIT Sloan Management Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9310.2006.00428.x","article-title":"Beyond high tech: early adopters of open innovation in other industries","volume":"36","year":"2006","journal-title":"R&D Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref023","first-page":"295","article-title":"The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling","volume":"295","year":"1998","journal-title":"Modern Methods for Business Research"},{"key":"key2020120723403509600_ref024","first-page":"307","article-title":"Structural equation modeling analysis with small samples using partial least squares","volume":"2","year":"1999","journal-title":"Statistical Strategies for Small Sample Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref025","first-page":"201","article-title":"Knowledge internalization and product development in family firms: when relational and affective factors matter","volume":"40","year":"2014","journal-title":"Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.2307\/2393553","article-title":"Absorptive capacity: a new perspective on learning and innovation","volume":"35","year":"1990","journal-title":"Administrative Science Quarterly"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02310555","article-title":"Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests","volume":"16","year":"1951","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1108\/JKM-06-2014-0243","article-title":"Directions of external knowledge search: investigating their different impact on firm performance in high-technology industries","volume":"18","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Knowledge Management"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2010.01.013","article-title":"How open is innovation?","volume":"39","year":"2010","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1108\/14691930210435570","article-title":"Examining the link between knowledge management practices and types of innovation","volume":"3","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Intellectual Capital"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1108\/JKM-06-2014-0264","article-title":"Managerial practices and operative directions of knowledge management within inter-firm networks: a global view","volume":"18","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Knowledge Management"},{"key":"key2020120723403509600_ref032","article-title":"Influences of cognitive dimensions on the collaborative entry mode choice of small and medium-sized enterprises","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Marketing Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1108\/JKM-07-2013-0257","article-title":"The interaction between external and internal knowledge sources: an open innovation view","volume":"18","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Knowledge Management"},{"issue":"8","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.543","article-title":"Relation-specific capabilities and barriers to knowledge transfers: creating advantage through network relationships","volume":"27","year":"2006","journal-title":"Strategic Management Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0737-6782.2005.00120.x","article-title":"Interorganizational collaboration and innovation: toward a portfolio approach","volume":"22","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Product Innovation Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1108\/EMJB-10-2015-0048","article-title":"International diversification and firm performance: a four-stage model","volume":"11","year":"2016","journal-title":"EuroMed Journal of Business"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1111\/etap.12059","article-title":"Internal corporate venture operations independence and performance: a knowledge-based perspective","volume":"39","year":"2015","journal-title":"Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9310.2010.00605.x","article-title":"The future of open innovation","volume":"40","year":"2010","journal-title":"R&D Management"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1108\/13673271111151992","article-title":"University-industry collaboration: a CoPs approach to KTPs","volume":"15","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Knowledge Management"},{"key":"key2020120723403509600_ref045","first-page":"1","article-title":"Knowledge management: an enduring but confusing fashion","volume":"2","year":"2015","journal-title":"Leading Issues in Knowledge Management"},{"issue":"S2","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.4250171110","article-title":"Toward a knowledge-based theory of the firm","volume":"17","year":"1996","journal-title":"Strategic Management Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6486.2004.00421.x","article-title":"A knowledge accessing theory of strategic alliances","volume":"41","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Management Studies"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0148-2963(99)00013-2","article-title":"Does customer interaction enhance new product success?","volume":"49","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.2753\/MTP1069-6679190202","article-title":"PLS-SEM: indeed a silver bullet","volume":"19","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2007.10.001","article-title":"The development of a user network as a way to re-launch an unwanted product","volume":"37","year":"2008","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1080\/07481756.2002.12069034","article-title":"Understanding internal consistency reliability estimates: a conceptual primer on coefficient alpha","volume":"34","year":"2001","journal-title":"Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development"},{"key":"key2020120723403509600_ref155","article-title":"Knowledge-intensive entrepreneurship in low-tech industries","year":"2014"},{"key":"key2020120723403509600_ref053","volume-title":"Strategic Management Cases: Competitiveness and Globalization","year":"2012"},{"key":"key2020120723403509600_ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/2419.003.0007","article-title":"The evolution of the digital divide: examining the relationship of race to Internet access and usage over time","volume-title":"The Digital Divide: Facing a Crisis or Creating a Myth","year":"2001"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/S0148-2963(03)00109-7","article-title":"The performance impact of marketing resources","volume":"58","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref056","first-page":"53","article-title":"Structural equation modelling: guidelines for determining model fit","volume":"6","year":"2008","journal-title":"Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1108\/14601060610707849","article-title":"Market orientation, learning orientation, and innovation capabilities in SMEs: an extended model","volume":"9","year":"2006","journal-title":"European Journal of Innovation Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.507","article-title":"Open for innovation: the role of openness in explaining innovation performance among UK manufacturing firms","volume":"27","year":"2006","journal-title":"Strategic Management Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9310.2009.00561.x","article-title":"Outbound open innovation and its effect on firm performance: examining environmental influences","volume":"39","year":"2009","journal-title":"R&D Management"},{"issue":"8","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6486.2009.00854.x","article-title":"A capability-based framework for open innovation: complementing absorptive capacity","volume":"46","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Management Studies"},{"issue":"140","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref063","article-title":"A technique for the measurement of attitudes","volume":"22","year":"1932","journal-title":"Archives of Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusvent.2005.02.002","article-title":"Partnering strategies and performance of SMEs\u2019 international joint ventures","volume":"21","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Business Venturing"},{"key":"key2020120723403509600_ref067","volume-title":"Knowledge Intensive Entrepreneurship: Engaging, Learning and Evaluating Venture Creation","year":"2013"},{"key":"key2020120723403509600_ref065","volume-title":"Knowledge Intensive Entrepreneurship and Innovation Systems: Evidence from Europe","year":"2010"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref066","first-page":"2374","article-title":"Corporate social responsibility and its effect on innovation and firm performance: an empirical research in SMEs","volume":"142","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref068","first-page":"1","article-title":"Conceptualizing the innovation process towards the \u2018active innovation paradigm\u2019 \u2013 trends and outlook","volume":"5","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship"},{"key":"key2020120723403509600_ref069","article-title":"Keep open: the potential of gatekeepers for the aligning universities to the new knowledge triangle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Technological Forecasting and Social Change"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2013.07.004","article-title":"Open service innovation and the firm\u2019s search for external knowledge","volume":"43","year":"2014","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"issue":"10","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref071","first-page":"586","article-title":"How do large multinational companies implement open innovation?","volume":"31","year":"2011","journal-title":"Technovation"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-627X.2009.00286.x","article-title":"Technological collaboration: bridging the innovation gap between small and large firms","volume":"48","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Small Business Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1287\/orsc.5.1.14","article-title":"A dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation","volume":"5","year":"1994","journal-title":"Organization Science"},{"key":"key2020120723403509600_ref074","volume-title":"The Knowledge-Creating Company: How Japanese Companies Create the Dynamics of Innovation","year":"1995"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-627X.2012.00354.x","article-title":"Inbound open innovation activities in high-tech SMEs: the impact on innovation performance","volume":"50","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Small Business Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9310.2006.00432.x","article-title":"Toolkits for idea competitions: a novel method to integrate users in new product development","volume":"36","year":"2006","journal-title":"R&D Management"},{"key":"key2020120723403509600_ref077","volume-title":"The Tacit Dimension","year":"1966"},{"key":"key2020120723403509600_ref078","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2016.08.012","article-title":"An investigation of the effect of electronic business on financial performance of Spanish manufacturing SMEs","year":"2016","journal-title":"Technological Forecasting and Social Change"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/dir.20015","article-title":"Co-creation experiences: the next practice in value creation","volume":"18","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Interactive Marketing"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.technovation.2009.04.008","article-title":"Drivers of innovativeness and performance for innovative SMEs in South Korea: mediation of learning orientation","volume":"30","year":"2010","journal-title":"Technovation"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusvent.2009.12.002","article-title":"Is innovation always beneficial? A meta-analysis of the relationship between innovation and performance in SMEs","volume":"26","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of business Venturing"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref082","first-page":"291","article-title":"Small and medium enterprises collaborations with knowledge intensive services: an explorative analysis of the impact of innovation vouchers","volume":"46","year":"2016","journal-title":"R&D Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8691.00272","article-title":"Radical product innovations in SMEs: the dominance of entrepreneurial orientation","volume":"12","year":"2003","journal-title":"Creativity and Innovation Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1541-0420.2008.01022.x","article-title":"Residual-based diagnostics for structural equation models","volume":"65","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"key2020120723403509600_ref085","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s13132-015-0350-8","article-title":"How SMEs engage in open innovation: a survey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of the Knowledge Economy"},{"key":"key2020120723403509600_ref086","first-page":"161","volume-title":"Business Cycles","year":"1939"},{"key":"key2020120723403509600_ref087","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10961-016-9517-0","article-title":"The effect of social networking sites and absorptive capacity on firms\u2019 innovativeness","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Technology Transfer"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref089","article-title":"Internet of things: applications and challenges in smart cities: a case study of IBM smart city projects","volume":"22","year":"2016","journal-title":"Business Process Management Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1108\/13673279910288608","article-title":"Towards knowledge networking","volume":"3","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Knowledge Management"},{"issue":"7","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0266(199907)20:7<595::AID-SMJ47>3.0.CO;2-5","article-title":"Ambiguity and the process of knowledge transfer in strategic alliances","volume":"20","year":"1999","journal-title":"Strategic Management Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indmarman.2013.02.018","article-title":"Inbound open innovation for enhanced performance: enablers and opportunities","volume":"42","year":"2013","journal-title":"Industrial Marketing Management"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1108\/13673270110411733","article-title":"The role of tacit and explicit knowledge in the workplace","volume":"5","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Knowledge Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1108\/JKM-02-2016-0057","article-title":"New ICTs for knowledge management in organizations","volume":"20","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Knowledge Management"},{"key":"key2020120723403509600_ref096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10961-016-9498-z","article-title":"Social web knowledge sharing and innovation performance in knowledge-intensive manufacturing SMEs","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Technology Transfer"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.1995.9508080331","article-title":"Managing legitimacy: strategic and institutional approaches","volume":"20","year":"1995","journal-title":"Academy of Management Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1006\/obhd.2000.2884","article-title":"The process of knowledge transfer: a diachronic analysis of stickiness","volume":"82","year":"2000","journal-title":"Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes"},{"issue":"13","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.640","article-title":"Explicating dynamic capabilities: the nature and microfoundations of (sustainable) enterprise performance","volume":"28","year":"2007","journal-title":"Strategic Management Journal"},{"key":"key2020120723403509600_ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-32827-8_6","article-title":"Use of ULS-SEM and PLS-SEM to measure a group effect in a regression model relating two blocks of binary variables","volume-title":"Handbook of Partial Least Squares","year":"2010"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/08956308.2004.11671637","article-title":"Intel\u2019s open collaborative model of industry-university research","volume":"47","year":"2004","journal-title":"Research-Technology Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1080\/13662710500087891","article-title":"Do services innovate (differently)? Insights from the European innobarometer survey","volume":"12","year":"2005","journal-title":"Industry & Innovation"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref103","first-page":"91","article-title":"Turn customer input into innovation","volume":"80","year":"2002","journal-title":"Harvard Business Review"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref104","first-page":"423","article-title":"Open innovation in SMEs: trends, motives and management challenges","volume":"29","year":"2009","journal-title":"Technovation"},{"key":"key2020120723403509600_ref105","first-page":"256","article-title":"Theories of the firm and open innovation","year":"2014","journal-title":"New Frontiers in Open Innovation"},{"issue":"7","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.32.7.791","article-title":"Lead users: a source of novel product concepts","volume":"32","year":"1986","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"issue":"7","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.48.7.821.2817","article-title":"Shifting innovation to users via toolkits","volume":"48","year":"2002","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.technovation.2012.04.001","article-title":"Effectiveness of technology investment: impact of internal technological capability, networking and investment\u2019s strategic importance","volume":"32","year":"2012","journal-title":"Technovation"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref109","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ambidexterity, external knowledge and performance in knowledge-intensive firms","volume":"42","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Journal of Technology Transfer"},{"key":"key2020120723403509600_ref110","first-page":"66","article-title":"Innovation, second mover and network system","volume":"2","year":"2012","journal-title":"Symphonya Emerging Issues in Management"},{"issue":"9","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2015.01.002","article-title":"The effects of firm capabilities on external collaboration and performance: the moderating role of market turbulence","volume":"68","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1111\/jpim.12125","article-title":"Leveraging external sources of innovation: a review of research on open innovation","volume":"31","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Product Innovation Management"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.2307\/256714","article-title":"Human resource management, manufacturing strategy, and firm performance","volume":"39","year":"1996","journal-title":"Academy of Management Journal"},{"key":"key2020120723403509600_ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10961-016-9500-9","article-title":"Quadruple Helix and firms\u2019 performance: an empirical verification in Europe","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Journal of Technology Transfer"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref116","first-page":"90","article-title":"Making sense of corporate venture capital","volume":"80","year":"2002","journal-title":"Harvard Business Review"},{"key":"key2020120723403509600_ref117","volume-title":"Open Innovation: Researching A New Paradigm","year":"2006"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1108\/13673270510602809","article-title":"Knowledge management, innovation and firm performance","volume":"9","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Knowledge Management"},{"key":"key2020120723403509600_ref119","volume-title":"The Contingency Theory of Organizations","year":"2001"},{"key":"key2020120723403509600_ref120","first-page":"1","article-title":"Come dovrebbero essere sviluppati i progetti DI social innovation NELLE smart city? Un\u2019analisi Comparativa","volume":"4","year":"2014","journal-title":"Impresa Progetto-Electronic Journal of Management"},{"key":"key2020120723403509600_ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indmarman.2015.02.038","article-title":"Depth and breadth of external knowledge search and performance: the mediating role of absorptive capacity","volume":"47","year":"2015","journal-title":"Industrial Marketing Management"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1108\/FS-09-2012-0063","article-title":"Building an innovation-driven economy\u2013the case of BRIC and GCC countries","volume":"16","year":"2014","journal-title":"Foresight"},{"key":"key2020120723403509600_ref123","article-title":"Structural equation modelling: guidelines for determining model fit","volume":"2","year":"2008"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1108\/14626000610705769","article-title":"SME financing in the UK and in China: a comparative perspective","volume":"13","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development"},{"key":"key2020120723403509600_ref125","article-title":"Users generated ideas via social media networks: based on the OI model","year":"2016","journal-title":"Euromed Conference Proceeding"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref126","first-page":"885","article-title":"E-business, organizational innovation and firm performance in manufacturing SMEs: an empirical study in Spain","volume":"22","year":"2016","journal-title":"Technological and Economic Development of Economy"},{"issue":"11","key":"key2020120723403509600_ref127","article-title":"Patterns of open innovation in open source software","volume":"235","year":"2006","journal-title":"Open Innovation: Researching A New Paradigm"}],"container-title":["Journal of Knowledge Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/JKM-10-2016-0465\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/JKM-10-2016-0465\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T22:27:44Z","timestamp":1753396064000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/jkm\/article\/21\/3\/640-655\/263526"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,8]]},"references-count":114,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/JKM-10-2016-0465"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/jkm-10-2016-0465","relation":{},"ISSN":["1367-3270"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1367-3270","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,8]]}}}